AuSi_x(x=1/2,1/7)纳米颗粒的制备及光致发光性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射法在n型单晶Si(100)衬底上制备Au/Si/Au多层薄膜,并在300℃真空原位退火30min。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察发现,退火前样品表面是一层平整的薄膜,而退火后样品表面形成均匀分布的岛状纳米颗粒,颗粒直径为10～20nm,面密度约1×1011cm-2。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及TEM分析表明,退火后样品表面形成单晶结构的AuSix(x=1/2,1/7)纳米颗粒。室温下对退火后样品的光致发光(PL)特性进行测试,样品在580,628和700nm处出现三个发光峰,经过分析这些发光峰与样品表面的SiO2结构,AuSix纳米颗粒周围的悬挂键等缺陷以及样品表面SiO2纳米结构中的无桥联氧等因素有关。     

具有窄光致发光谱的纳米Si晶薄膜的激光烧蚀制备

采用XeCl脉冲准分子激光器，在10Pa的Ar气环境下，烧蚀高阻单晶Si靶，分别在距靶3cm的玻璃和单晶Si衬底上制备了纳米Si薄膜. 相应的Raman谱和x射线衍射谱均证实了薄膜中纳米Si晶粒的形成. 扫描电子显微镜图像显示，所形成的薄膜呈均匀的纳米Si晶粒镶嵌结构. 相应的光致发光峰位出现在599nm，峰值半高宽为56nm，与相同参数下以He气为缓冲气体的结果相比，具有较窄的光致发光谱，并显示出谱峰蓝移现象. 关键词： 纳米Si晶粒 脉冲激光烧蚀 薄膜形貌 光致发光     

加热过程中Au—Ge—Ni薄膜的结构变化

用透射电子显微镜对不同热处理后Au-11.4wt％Ge-4.8wt％Ni蒸发薄膜进行了结构分析和形态观察。常温下此膜的结构是过饱和的金固溶体。经300℃以上较长时间(10分钟以上)加热后,膜的结构转变为金固溶体和NiGe化合物。在高压电子显微镜加热台上进行的动态观察显示:升温到约500℃时尺寸近2000埃的圆盘伏NiGe晶粒在两秒内被金固溶体吞并。余下的NiGe晶粒对500℃以上发生的金固溶体薄膜的缩聚过程有阻碍作用。 关键词：     

复合纳米金属间化合物Ag2Al的制备及其结构表征

采用自悬浮定向流法制备出Ag2Al复合金属间化合物的纳米微粉,通过透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和X射线能谱仪对纳米微粉的显微结构、粒度、相组成和成分构成进行研究。结果表明:所制备出的复合金属间化合物纳米颗粒呈规则球形,粒径分布在20～110 nm之间;纳米合金颗粒的主要组成相为Ag2Al,并伴有少量的Al;样品中的Ag,Al原子数比约为66.5∶33.5,金属间化合物纳米颗粒中Ag2Al晶粒尺寸约为33 nm,Al的约为21 nm。     

Ar+离子束轰击在石墨表面形成六方金刚石纳米晶的研究

在0.6keV Ar⁺高剂量(～10²²/cm²)辐照石墨表面,借助于高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM),发现有六方金刚石纳米晶产生.它们的平均直径介于1—50nm之间,而且晶粒个数约随其直径的增大而直线减少.有趣的是,晶粒具有两种结构模式：直径小于10nm的晶粒为单晶结构,而直径大于10nm的为多晶结构.基于受离子轰击过程特点制约的六方金刚石晶粒成核和成长观点,讨论了这种双重结构的形成性质. 关键词： 离子轰击 六方金刚石纳米晶     

CdS纳米颗粒填充的自支撑多孔硅光致发光特性

为了研究CdS纳米颗粒填充的自支撑多孔硅的光致发光特性,选用电阻率为0.01~0.02Ω·cm的P型硅片,先采用二步阳极氧化法制备自支撑多孔硅,再利用电泳法将CdS纳米颗粒填充入该自支撑多孔硅中.采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱分析、X射线衍射分析、光致发光谱分析对所制备样品的形貌、相结构、组份及发光性能进行研究.实验结果表明:自支撑多孔硅内部成功填充了CdS纳米颗粒,该CdS纳米颗粒衍射峰为(210);CdS纳米颗粒填充的自支撑多孔硅光致发光峰峰位发生红移,且从570nm转移到740nm;电泳时间直接影响CdS纳米颗粒的填充量,导致相关的发光峰强度及发光峰位明显不同.     

磁控溅射法合成纳米β-FeSi2/a-Si多层结构

β-FeSi2作为一种环境友好的半导体材料,颗粒化及非晶化正在成为提高其应用性能和改善薄膜质量、膜基界面失配度的有效途径.利用射频磁控溅射法在单晶Si基体上沉积Fe/Si多层膜,合成纳米β-FeSi2/Si多层结构.通过透射电子显微镜、高分辨电子显微术等分析手段,研究了多层结构和制备工艺之间的相互关系.研究结果表明,采用磁控溅射Fe/Si多层膜的方法,不需要退火就可以直接沉积得到β-FeSi2相小颗粒.β-FeSi2相颗粒尺寸在20 nm以下,小的颗粒尺寸导致发光蓝移,带隙宽度变大,Edg值约为0.94 eV.经过850 ℃的真空退火处理后,β-FeSi2相没有发生改变,颗粒尺寸变大、蓝移效果消失,β-FeSi2相小颗粒的尺寸仍小于100 nm,结构的稳定性较好.     

高压击穿铜丝物相研究

采用高压放电的方式对材料进行击穿,可以方便地制造纳米颗粒．搭建了高压击穿实验装置,对铜丝进行高压击穿实验;分别采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和元素能谱（EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）测试,对铜丝击穿丝状物进行了形貌和成份分析．研究了铜丝高压击穿后的物相特性．研究结果发现,在高压作用下铜丝被充分电离,产生丝状分布,其构成为纳米颗粒的凝结;纳米颗粒的直径分布主要集中在30—60nm之间;颗粒产物由铜元素和氧元素组成;它们以单晶Cu,Cu2O和CuO组成混合物;粒径大小、产物成分与铜丝长度、直径及电压等因素相关．     

磁性钴纳米晶的二维自组装

在两种表面活性剂存在下，采用高温醇还原，合成出单分散、平均颗粒尺寸为14±19nm，直径标准偏差小(～18%)的磁性金属Co纳米晶.利用x射线衍射、紫外吸收光谱、x射线光电子能谱及透射电子显微镜对其结构和表面价态进行了分析.并将磁性金属Co纳米晶自组织形成有序的二维(2D)六方紧密堆积结构. 关键词： Co纳米晶 单分散 自组装     

银纳米粒子自组织二维有序阵列

采用液液二相转移方法合成出颗粒直径为(4.18±0.5)nm的银纳米粒子溶胶,并用紫外可见光谱对所制得的银纳米粒子溶胶的单分散性和稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,所得到的溶胶相为稳定的、粒径分布窄的单分散体系.红外光谱的分析结果表明,稳定剂1壬基硫醇包缚在银纳米粒子表面.并且,通过自组织方法获得了二维有序的银纳米粒子阵列 关键词： 银纳米粒子 液液二相转移方法 自组织 二维有序阵列     

Homogeneous ZnO Nanoparticles by Flame Spray Pyrolysis

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were made by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) of zinc acrylate–methanol–acetic acid solution. The effect of solution feed rate on particle specific surface area (SSA) and crystalline size was examined. The average primary particle diameter can be controlled from 10 to 20nm by the solution feed rate. All powders were crystalline zincite. The primary particle diameter observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was in agreement with the equivalent average primary particle diameter calculated from the SSA as well as with the crystalline size calculated from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for all powders, indicating that the primary particles were rather uniform in diameter and single crystals. Increasing the solution feed rate increases the flame height, and therefore coalescence and/or surface growth was enhanced, resulting in larger primary particles. Compared with ZnO nanoparticles made by other processes, the FSP-made powder exhibits some of the smallest and most homogeneous primary particles. Furthermore, the FSP-made powder has comparable BET equivalent primary particle diameter with but higher crystallinity than sol–gel derived ZnO powders.     

NMR and AFM investigations of nanocavities on the double rare-earth fluoride crystal surface

Nanocavities with a size of less than 30 nm on the crystal surface of superfine LiYF₄ powders and single crystals of the Van Vleck paramagnet LiTmF₄ were detected by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) cryoporometry and atomic-force microscopy (AFM) and liquid³He NMR cryoporometry. NMR investigations show that the nanocavities are evidently present on the surface of the LiYF₄ powder particles. The distribution of nanocavities has two maxima corresponding to the specific porous sizes of 3–5 and 10–15 nm. AFM investigations detect the presence of the nanocavities with sizes in the range 50–300 nm on the surface of powder particles and single crystals. The cases of powder microparticles and of a single crystal differ in the value of the parameter “surface roughness”, which is 14.5 and 11 nm, respectively. The mechanism of creation of nanocavities is proposed and verified by additional investigations with CaF₂ powders.     

Microstructure Evolution in Laser RS Co-base Metastable Alloy

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Pyroelectric nano-rods grown inside alumina nano-pores

This paper reports the formation and properties of nano-composite pyroelectric thin films. They consist of pyroelectric triglycine sulfate (TGS) single-crystal nano-rods grown inside a highly dense array of alumina pores (about 65 nm diameter and density of 1011 cm⁻²). The nucleation and growth of the TGS single crystals are obtained by precipitation from a supersaturated aqueous solution. Nucleation is preferred only at the bottom of the pores due to a tight control of temperature, composition and pore diameter. Growth of single crystals with preferred crystallographic orientation is obtained with the aid of an applied electric field. Various crystallographic orientations (1 0 0) (−1 1 0) (−1 2 0) are obtained separately as a single preferred orientation by changing the amplitude of the electric field during crystal growth. The films exhibit ferroelectric behavior.     

Concentration and structural inhomogeneities in highly doped GaSb(Si) single crystals

Concentration and structural inhomogeneities in highly doped GaSb(Si) single crystals grown under various conditions of heat and mass transfer are studied by methods of X-ray topography, high-resolution X-ray diffractometry, and digital image processing. It is established that the inhomogeneity of crystals is determined by specific features of impurity microsegregation during growth under conditions of nonstationary convection in a melt and by peculiarities of the dislocation structure of crystals. The processes related to the initial stage of the decay of the Si supersaturated solid solution in GaSb contribute considerably to the inhomogeneity of crystals on the micro- and macrolevels.     

Thermoelastic martensitic transformations in single crystals with disperse particles

The results of investigations into the influence of disperse particles on the temperatures of martensitic transformations as well as values of thermal and mechanical hysteresis in the FeNiCoAlTa, CoNiGa, NiFeGa, TiNi single crystals are reported. It is shown that the disperse particles are responsible for refining martensitic crystals and changing their fine twin structure as compared with the monophase state. This, in turn, affects the values of thermal and mechanical hysteresis and the temperature range of superelasticity.     

Characterization of ultrafine zirconia and iron oxide powders prepared under hydrothermal conditions

Abstract

Nanocrystalline zirconia (6-20 nm) and iron oxide (20-80 nm) powders were produced by hydrothermal treatment of corresponding hydroxides and nitrate solutions. The synthesis parameters (temperature, duration, concentration) allow fabrication of ultrafine oxide powders with various particle size and morphology. The smallest particles were produced by short-time (4-7 s) treatment of nitrate solutions (PH ≈ 1). Prepared nanocrystalline powders exhibit high activity in model solid state reactions.     

Diffuse x-ray scattering study of the formation of microdefects in heat-treated dislocation-free large-diameter silicon wafers

Diffuse x-ray scattering (DXS) is used to study the formation of microdefects (MDs) in heat-treated dislocation-free large-diameter silicon wafers with vacancies. The DXS method is shown to be efficient for investigating MDs in silicon single crystals. Specific defects, such as impurity clouds, are found to form in the silicon wafers during low-temperature annealing at 450°C. These defects are oxygen-rich regions in the solid solution with diffuse coherent interfaces. In the following stages of decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution, oxide precipitates form inside these regions and the impurity clouds disappear. As a result of the decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution of oxygen, interstitial MDs form in the silicon wafers during multistep heat treatment. These MDs lie in the {110} planes and have nonspherical displacement fields. The volume density and size of MDs forming in the silicon wafers at various stages of the decomposition are determined.     

Formation of gallium microinclusions in GaAs single crystals

In this report we analyze the causes of gallium microinclusion formation in gallium arsenide single crystals. We present a model in which microinclusions result from the decomposition of a supersaturated solid solution. From experimental data available in the literature and calculated kinetic parameters of the model we demonstrate that microinclusion formation in bulk single crystals follows the mechanism of homogeneous nucleation and Brownian coalescence of precipitated liquid gallium metal.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchbenykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 32–35, February, 1988.     

X-ray diffraction evidence of the single solid solution character of bi-metallic Pt-Pd catalyst particles on an amorphous SiO2 substrate

An X-ray diffraction study was carried out on powders of a series of catalysts prepared from aqueous solutions of H₂PtCl₆ and PdCl₄ and amorphous SiO₂ with different concentrations in weight of Pt and Pd at about 4% in overall metallic weight. Measurements of the position of high angle Bragg reflections in the diffractograms show evidence of the fact that the small catalyst particles are bi-metallic Pt-Pd crystals having a face-centred cubic Bravais lattice. The lattice constant of these crystals was found to change with the relative concentration of Pt and Pd by following the Vegard’s rule. This correlation leads to the conclusion that the bi-metallic catalyst particles are made of a single solid solution of Pt and Pd atoms in the whole range of relative concentrations. Relative concentrations of these metals in the samples under study were determined by using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and their values were found to be close to the stochiometric relative concentrations in weight of the metals in the precursor aqueous solution. An average size of about 96 Å was estimated for the bi-metallic particles from the full-width at half-maximum value measured for the (2 0 0) diffractometric curve.