采用高信噪比电磁诱导透明谱测定~(85)Rb原子5D_(5/2)态的超精细相互作用常数

基于~(85)Rb原子5S1/2-5P3/2-5D_(5/2)阶梯型能级系统(780 nm+776 nm),利用高信噪比的电磁诱导透明谱对~(85)Rb原子5D_(5/2)态超精细分裂进行测量.其中,频率校准是通过位相型电光调制器和共焦法布里-珀罗腔共同实现的.通过测量~(85)Rb原子5D′5/2态(F′=5),(F′′=4)及(F′′=3)之间的超精细分裂,我们确定了~(85)Rb原子5D_(5/2)态的磁偶极超精细相互作用常数(A=-(2.222±0.019)MHz)和电四极超精细相互作用常数(B=(2.664±0.130)MHz).     

与铷（5^2S1／2）原子碰撞产生的铷7^2D态精细结构转移截面

本文报道使用蒸汽泡和两光子两步激发方法,测量原子激发态敏化荧光I_(3/2)~1和直接荧光I_(3/2)~2其与温度的关系,得到与基态(5~2S_(1/2)铷原子碰撞产生的铷7~2D_(5/2)→7~2D_(3/2)和7~2D_(3/2)→7~2D_(5/2)精细结构转移截面分别为:σ_(fs)=4.7×10~(-13)cm~2、σ_(fs)~’=7.0×10~(-13)cm~2;碰撞转移出7~2D双态的转移截面σ_(tr)(5/2)=0.62×10~(-13)cm~2.由计算的7~2D态几何截面σ_(geom)能够相对很好地描述σ_(fs)和σ_(fs)~’的数量级.     

铜原子单激发态3d~(10)4p~2P_(1/2)的光电离（英文）

铜原子能级结构的理论计算具有非常大的挑战性。本文基于多组态Dirac-Hartree-Fock(MCDHF)方法和相对论组态相互作用(RCI)方法,通过三个大规模的关联模型计算了单激发态3d~(10)4p~2P_(1/2)、双激发态3d~94s(~3D)5s~4D_(3/2,1/2), 3d~94s(~3D)5s~2D_(3/2), 3d~94s(~1D)5s~2D_(3/2)以及离子态3d~(10)~1S0能级和波函数。结果表明,铜原子能级结构对有限组态空间的选择极其敏感,双激发态3d~94s(~3D)5s~4D_(3/2,1/2), 3d~94s(~3D)5s~2D_(3/2), 3d~94s(~1D)5s~2D_(3/2)和离子态3d~(10)~1S0与单激发态之间的能量差相对于已有实验结果均存在大约-0.4 e V的偏差,而计算得到的共振电子能量与实验结果符合得较好。此外,根据辐射跃迁矩阵元和非辐射跃迁矩阵元计算了双激发态的Fano参数q,并基于Fano理论得到了铜单激发态3d~(10)4p~2P_(1/2)的总光电离截面,该理论考虑了直接光电离与光激发自电离之间的干涉效应,即共振3d~94s(~3D)5s~4D_(3/2,1/2)、3d~94s(~3D)5s~2D_(3/2)和3d~94s(~1D)5s~2D_(3/2)具有明显的非对称的Fano轮廓,表明光电离过程与光激发自电离过程之间的干涉对双激发态共振附近的光电离截面轮廓有着极其重要的影响。     

Na(3P)+Na(3P)→Na(4F)+Na(3S)碰撞激发能量转移截面

利用激光(调离NaD_2线±20GHz)激发钠蒸汽,测量Na(3P)+Na(3P)→Na(4F)+Na(3S)的碰撞激发转移截面。因4F→3D的荧光位于红外(1.84μm),故检测3~2D_(3/2)→3~2P_(1/2)(818.3nm)和3~2D→3~2P_(3/2)(819.5nm)级联荧光信号。通过测量激光频率的Rayleigh散射光,直接D_2线荧光和敏化D_1线荧光分布,确定了钠原子密度,定出了有效辐射俘获衰变率Γ_(D_1)~e,Γ_(D_2)~e。结合激光功率吸收率的测量得到了Na(3P)的密度,从而给出转移截面σ(4F)=37A~2(±33％)。与其他作者的实验结果和理论值作了比较,进行了讨论。     

Theoretical calculation of energy levels and radiative lifetimes of T1 I

Considering the perturbation,the results of theoretical calculation of five Rydberg series energy levels 6s~2ns~2S_(1/2)(n=7-20),6s~2nd~2D_(3/2)(n=6-20),6~s2nd~2D_(5/2)(n=6-20),6s~2np~2p_(1/2)~0(n=7-20),and 6s~2np~2p_(3/2)~0(n=7-20)for T11 are presented using the weakest bound electron potential model(WBEPM) theory.Furthermore,the radiative lifetimes of this five series are also calculated.The calculated values of energy levels and lifetimes are in good agreement with the experimental results.     

利用铷原子双光子跃迁产生420nm蓝光的实验研究

本实验通过饱和吸收方法获得了铷原子5S_(1/2)→5 P_(3/2)单光子跃迁光谱,并进一步研究了铷原子5S_(1/2)→5 P_(3/2)→5 D_(5/2)的双光子跃迁光谱。使用780nm的控制光和776nm的信号光反向共线作用到铷泡中,通过探测6 P_(3/2)→5S_(1/2)自发辐射产生的420nm蓝光信号得到铷原子5S_(1/2)→5 P_(3/2)→5 D_(5/2)双光子跃迁光谱,利用法布里-珀罗干涉仪测量了~(87)Rb和~(85)Rb的5 D_(5/2)激发态超精细能级,详细研究了铷泡温度和776nm信号光功率对~(87)Rb 5S_(1/2)(F=2)→5 D_(5/2)双光子跃迁光谱的影响。该研究工作为基于原子分子精密光谱测量提供了实验基础。     

电场边值关系的演示

一、电分质分界面上电场的变化由于电场中电介质的极化,使得电介质界面处电场发生变化。电场在介质界面处的边值关系为 D_(1n)=D_(2n) E_(1t)=E_(2t) D_(1t)/ε_1=D_(2t)/ε_2 ε_1E_(1n)=ε_2E_(2n) (1) 很容易由(1)式及E=D/ε导出     

交叉分子束实验研究F+D_2(v=1,j=0)反应（英文）

本文使用交叉分子束方法研究了氟原子和振动激发态氖分子D_2(v=1,j=0)的反应.使用受激拉曼抽运的方法制备了振动激发的D_2分子.实验中未观测到来自于旋轨耦合激发态氟原子F*(~2P_(1/2))与振动激发态D_2分子的贡献.观测到来自于旋轨耦合基态氟原子F(~2P_(3/2))和振动激发态D_2的反应信号,相应的产物DF分子布居于u'=2,3,4,5振动态上.与振动基态反应F+D_2(v=1,j=0)相比,振动激发态反应F+D_2(v=1,j=0)生成的DF产物转动分布更"热".获得了振动激发反应的四个碰撞能在0.32至2.62 kcal/mol范围内的微分反应截面.在最低的碰撞能0.32 kcal/mol下,所有振动态的DF产物都以后向散射为主.随着碰撞能的增加,DF产物的角分布逐渐从后向转移到侧向.测量了DF(v'=5)产物的前向微分散射截面随碰撞能变化的曲线.前向散射的DF(v'=5)信号出现于1.0 kcal/mol.在2.62 kcal/mol碰撞能下DF(v'=5)主要为前向散射.     

阳离子X_3~+(X=Sc,Y,La)团簇d轨道芳香性的理论研究

运用密度泛函(DFT)和关联从头算(correlated ab initio)理论,对阳离子X_3~+(X=Sc、Y、La)和相关的中性X_3Cl(X=Sc、Y、La)团簇的稳定结构与芳香性进行研究.计算结果表明,X_3~+阳离子有两个稳定异构体:正三角型(D_(3h))和线型(D_(∞h)),其中正三角型为基态.对于中性的X_3Cl团簇,Sc_3Cl有三个稳定的异构体:三角金字塔型(C_(3v))、双齿型(C_(2v)-1)和C_(2v)-2型(图1);而Y_3Cl和La_3Cl只有2个稳定的异构体:三角金字塔型(C_(3v))和双齿型(C_(2v)-1).但这三个中性X_3Cl团簇的基态都是双齿型(C_(2v)-1)结构.对阳离子正三角型(D_(3h))基态结构进行共振能(RE)和核独立化学位移(NICS)的计算结果表明,X_3~+正三角型异构体展现出较高的芳香性.详细的分子轨道分析显示,正三角型Sc_3~+和Y_3~+阳离子有一个离域的π型分子轨道,显现出单π-芳香性;而正三角型La_3~+阳离子有一个离域的σ型分子轨道,显现出单σ-芳香性.X_3~+单π-芳香性或单σ-芳香性主要源于过渡金属Sc、Y和La的d原子轨道的贡献.另外,通过分子轨道分析还发现,当一个补偿阴离子Cl~-分别与Sc_3~+、Y_3~+阳离子结合成中性Sc_3Cl、Y_3Cl团簇时,其组成单元Sc_3~+、Y_3~+的芳香类型从原π-芳香性变为σ-芳香性,而当一个补偿阴离子Cl~-与La_3~+阳离子结合成中性La_3Cl时,其组成单元La_3~+原σ-芳香性保持不变.换言之,三个中性X_3Cl团簇都只显现出单σ-芳香性.     

钠共振线的自增宽和3~2P_(3/2,1/2)能级间的碰撞转移率

利用光吸收技术测量钠蒸汽密度。在3×101~(11)到1.2×10~(12)cm~(-3)的密度范围内,将激光调谐到钠D_2线紫(红)端约70GHz,记录激光频率的Rayleigh散射,直接(D_2线)荧光和敏化(D_1线)荧光的强度。获得D_2线共振自增宽率系数k_(br,2)=5.44×10~(-7)cm~3/S±15%。给出了不同密度下Na(3P_(3/2))+Na(3S)Na(3P_(1/2))+Na(3S)的碰撞转移率。得到了在T≈184℃时碰撞转移截面σ_(21)=1.99nm±29%。并与其他的实验结果和理论作了比较。     

利用类铜离子谱线诊断银等离子体电子密度

测量了激光加热块状银靶产生的等离子体XUV光谱.计算了T_e分别为65eV,86eV和130eV时,AgXIX4s-4P,4P-4d,4d-4f7条谱线在不同电子密度时的强度.根据AgXIX4d~2D_(s/2~-)4f~2F_(r/2)和4P~2P_(3/2)-4d~2D_(s/2)两条谱线的强度比,推导了激光银等离子体电子密度.当入射激光功率密度W为6×10~(12)W/cm~2时,银等离子体电子密度N_e=1×10~(20)/cm~3. 关键词：     

Boron diffusion in bcc-Fe studied by first-principles calculations

The diffusion mechanism of boron in bcc-Fe has been studied by first-principles calculations. The diffusion coefficients of the interstitial mechanism, the B–monovacancy complex mechanism, and the B–divacancy complex mechanism have been calculated. The calculated diffusion coefficient of the interstitial mechanism is D_0= 1.05 ×10~(-7)exp(-0.75 e V/k T) m~2· s~(-1), while the diffusion coefficients of the B–monovacancy and the B–divacancy complex mechanisms are D_1= 1.22 × 10~(-6)f1exp(-2.27 e V/k T) m~2· s~(-1)and D_2≈ 8.36 × 10~(-6)exp(-4.81 e V/k T) m~2· s~(-1), respectively. The results indicate that the dominant diffusion mechanism in bcc-Fe is the interstitial mechanism through an octahedral interstitial site instead of the complex mechanism. The calculated diffusion coefficient is in accordance with the reported experiment results measured in Fe–3%Si–B alloy(bcc structure). Since the non-equilibrium segregation of boron is based on the diffusion of the complexes as suggested by the theory, our calculation reasonably explains why the non-equilibrium segregation of boron is not observed in bcc-Fe in experiments.     

Observation of e~+e~-→D_s~+■~((*)0)K~- and study of the P-wave D_s mesons

Studies of e~+e~→D_s~+■~((*)0)K~-and the P-wave charmed-strange mesons are performed based on an e~+e~-collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 567 pb~(-1) collected with the BESIII detector at s~(1/2)=4.600 GeV. The processes of e~+e~-→D_s~+■~(*0)K~- and D_s~+■~0K~- are observed for the first time and are found to be dominated by the modes D_s~+D_(s1)(2536)~-and D_s~+D_(s2)~*(2573)~-, respectively. The Born cross sections are measured to be σ~B(e~+e~-→D_s~+■~(*0)K~-) =(10.1±2.3±0.8) pb and σ~B(e~+e~-→D_s~+■~0K~-) =(19.4±2.3± 1.6) pb, and the products of Born cross section and the decay branching fraction are measured to be σ~B(e~+e~-→D_s~+D_(s1)(2536)~-+c.c.)·B(D_(s1)(2536)~-→■~(*0)K~-)=(7.5±1.8±0.7) pb and σ~B(e~+e~-→D_s~+D_(s2)~*(2573)~-+ c.c.)·B(D_(s2)~*(2573)~-→■~0 K~-)=(19.7 ± 2.9 ±2.0) pb. For the D_(s1)(2536)~-and D_(s2)~*(2573)~-mesons, the masses and widths are measured to be M(D_(s1)(2536)~-)=(2537.7±0.5 ±3.1) MeV/c2, Γ(D_(s1)(2536)~-) =(1.7 ±1.2 ±0.6)MeV, and M(D_(s2)~*(2573)~-)=(2570.7±2.0 ±1.7) MeV/c~2, Γ(D_(s2)~*(2573)~-)=(17.2 ±3.6 ±1.1) MeV. The spin-parity of the D_(s2)~*(2573)~-meson is determined to be J~p= 2~+. In addition, the processes e~+e~-→D_s~+■~((*)0)K~-are searched for using the data samples taken at four(two) center-of-mass energies between 4.416(4.527) and 4.575 GeV, and upper limits at the 90% confidence level on the cross sections are determined.     

PbBi_2Nb_2O_9的晶体结构

PbBi_2Nb_2O_9晶体属正交晶系,空间群为D_(2h)~(23)-Fmmm。晶胞参数为a=5.4806(7)A,b=5.4791(7)A,c=25.416(3)A,α=β=γ=90.0(0)°,V=763.2(2)A~3。单位晶胞内化学式数z=4,D_(obs)=7.91g/cm~3,D_x=8.26g/cm~3,μ(Mo,K_α)=678.38cm~(-1),F(000)=1608。用直接法(Multan-78程序)及Fourier方法测定了结构,对结构的原子位置参数、各向同性及各向异性热参数进行了块对角矩阵最小二乘方修正,R=0.107。Nb-O八面体为O_h→C_(4v)型畸变,处于八面体内的Nb原子沿4次轴方向与中心位置偏离0.225A,Nb-O八面体的畸变及Nb原子的这种偏离可能是PbBi_2Nb_2O_9晶体具有铁电性能的主要结构原因。     

LiGd(W_yMo_(1-y))_2O_(8-x/2)F_x∶Eu~(3+)红色荧光粉的制备和发光特性

采用高温固相法制备了LiGd(W_yMo_(1-y))_2O_(8-x/2)F_x∶0.4Eu~(3+)(x=0~1,y=0~1)系列白光LED用红色荧光粉。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、荧光光谱仪对荧光粉的形貌、结构、光学性能进行了表征。结果表明,Eu~(3+)、F-和WO_4~(2-)的掺杂没有改变LiGd(MoO_4)_2的四方晶系白钨矿结构;F~-和WO_4~(2-)最佳掺杂量分别为x=0.6,y=0.4。在396 nm激发下,LiGd(W_(0.4)Mo_(0.6))_2O_(7.7)F_(0.6)∶0.4Eu~(3+)的发光强度比未掺杂样品提高了60%,量子效率可达66.23%。当温度升高至100℃时,样品的发射强度降为25℃时的76.6%。在460 nm激发下,样品的最强窄带发射峰位于617 nm处,归属于~5D_0→~7F_2跃迁,色坐标为(0.649 9,0.346 3)。5D0能级的荧光寿命曲线遵循单指数规律衰减,随着F-掺杂浓度的增加,5D0能级的荧光寿命不断增加,归因于低声子能量的F-掺入有效减小了能量的无辐射跃迁概率。所制备的LiGd(W_(0.4)Mo_(0.6))_2O_(7.7)F_(0.6)∶0.4Eu~(3+)荧光粉有望应用于白光LED。     

新系列超导相TlBaCa_(n-1)Cu_nO_(2n 2.5)(n=2,3)的晶体结构和超导电性

本文用粉末烧结法合成了Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O体系TlBa_2Ca_(n-1)Cu_nO_(2n 2.5)新系列超导相,用粉末衍射法测定了n=2和3的晶体结构,属简单四方单胞,空间群为D_(4h)~1-P4/mmm,点阵常数a相同,而c值不同,随n值而增大。a=3.847,c分别为12.73和15.89,每单胞含一个化合式单位,阳离子沿四方晶系的(0,0,z)和(1/2,1/2,z)位置交替排列,排列的顺序相同,n=3比n=2依次多增加Ca和Cu及相应的氧离子。 TlBa_iCa_()Cu_O_(2n 2.5),n=3时,零电阻超导转变温度T_c(0)= 112K;n=2时,T_c(0)=101K,与Tl_2Ba_2Ca_()Cu_O_(2n 4)型体心四方晶胞超导相不同,TlBa_2Ca_(n-1)Ca_O_(2n 2.3)结构中缺氧类钙钛矿型结构单元[Ba_2Ca_(n-1)Cu_nO_(2n 1)]仅被TI-O单层所隔开,当n相同时,Tl-O双隔层的体心四方单胞比Tl-O单层的简单四方单胞的超导转变温度高10K左右,这说明Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O体系中超导相的转变温度不仅与类钙钛矿结构单元的[CuO_4]和[CuO_5]的数目有关,而且与Tl-O的隔层数目有关。     

Laser frequency locking based on the normal and abnormal saturated absorption spectroscopy of ~(87)Rb

We present a practical method to avoid the mis-locking phenomenon in the saturated-absorption-spectrum laserfrequency-locking system and set up a simple theoretical model to explain the abnormal saturated absorption spectrum. The method uses the normal and abnormal saturated absorption spectra of the same transition 5~2S_(1/2), F = 2–5~2P_(3/2), F'= 3 saturated absorption of the ~(87)Rb D_2resonance line. After subtracting these two signals with the help of electronics, we can obtain a spectrum with a single peak to lock the laser. In our experiment, we use the normal and inverse signals of the transitions 5~2S_(1/2), F = 2–5~2P_(3/2), F'= 3 saturated absorption of the ~(87)Rb D_2 resonance line to lock a 780-nm distributed feedback(DFB) diode laser. This method improves the long-term locking performance and is suitable for other kinds of diode lasers.     

Cl(~2P)+D_2→DCl+D反应中波恩-奥本海默近似有效性的交叉分子束研究（英文）

本文利用高分辨的里德堡态氘原子标识-交叉分子束装置,研究了碰撞能为4.5～6.5 kcal/mol范围内Cl(~2P)[Cl(2~P_(3/2))和Cl~*(~2P_(1/2))]与D_2的反应.虽然自旋轨道激发态反应Cl~*(~2P_(1/2))+D_2在波恩-奥本海默(B-O)近似下本应是禁阻的,但实验中观测到了该反应的贡献.通过测量靠近后向的碰撞能相关的微分散射截面连线,发现低碰撞能下的产物主要来自于B-O近似禁阻的反应Cl~*+D_2.随着碰撞能的提高,自旋轨道基态反应Cl+D_2的反应性增加明显要比自旋轨道激发态反应Cl~*+D_2更快,并且在高碰撞能下成为产物的主要来源.实验结果表明:在低碰撞能下,Cl~*中自旋轨道激发态的额外能量,可以帮助B-O近似禁阻的反应Cl~*+D_2越过势垒;然而当碰撞能接近和高于反应势垒时,B-O近似允许的反应Cl+D_2占主导地位.Cl/Cl~*+D_2反应中B-O近似有效性的特征与共同位素反应Cl/Cl~*+H_2是一致的.     

Fractional Stokes–Einstein relation in TIP5P water at high temperatures

Fractional Stokes–Einstein relation described by D ～(τ/T)~ξ is observed in supercooled water, where D is the diffusion constant, τ the structural relaxation time, T the temperature, and the exponent ξ =τ~(-1). In this work, the Stokes–Einstein relation in TIP5 P water is examined at high temperatures within 400 K–800 K. Our results indicate that the fractional Stokes–Einstein relation is explicitly existent in TIP5P water at high temperatures, demonstrated by the two usually adopted variants of the Stokes–Einstein relation, D ～τ~(-1)τand D ～ T/τ, as well as by D ～ T/η, where η is the shear viscosity. Both D ～τ~(-1)τand D ～ T/τ are crossed at temperature T_x= 510 K. The D ～τ~(-1)τis in a fractional form as D ～τξwith ξ =-2.09 for T ≤ T_xand otherwise ξ =τ~(-1).25. The D ～ T/τ is valid with ξ =τ~(-1).01 for T ≤ T_xbut in a fractional form for T T_x. The Stokes–Einstein relation D ～ T/η is satisfied below T_x = 620 K but in a fractional form above T_x. We propose that the breakdown of D ～ T/η may result from the system entering into the super critical region, the fractional forms of D ～τ~(-1)τand D ～ T/τ are due to the disruption of the hydration shell and the local tetrahedral structure as well as the increase of the shear viscosity.     

用低能放射性源对X光底片作定量标定的方法

用Si(Li)X射线能谱仪测量了低能放射性源~(55)Fe的辐射强度,用“时间标尺”法对5F型医用X光片和Kodak无屏X光片乳剂对于~(55)Fe辐射的特性曲线作了定量标定.结果表明,对于5F底片,与密度D=1相应的曝光量H_(D=1)=12×10~7photo/cm~2.