光纤药物在位溶出度/释放度监测仪实时监测甲硝唑维B6片体外溶出度

采用光纤化学传感技术,建立了实时、在位监测固体复方制剂体外溶出度的测定方法.分支光纤一端连接光源,公共端部探头浸入溶出液,另一端连接检测器,计算机记录并处理数据.实验显示,甲硝唑维B6片中甲硝唑的高、中、低浓度组回收率分别为100.8%,99.8%和100.6%;RSD分别为2.5,0.8,1.1;维生素B6的高、中、低浓度组回收率分别为98.8%,100.8%和98.8%;RSD分别为4.1,4.1,2.5.该法可监测药物溶出的全过程,显示药物实时溶出曲线图,直接提取相关溶出参数.表明,光纤化学溶出度过程监测法能够有效的测定固体药物的体外溶出度,并能真实地反映药物溶出的全过程.     

对乙酰氨基酚氯美扎酮分散片溶出度研究

采用高效液相色谱法测定对乙酰氨基酚氯美扎酮分散片溶出度。以稀盐酸24mL加水至1000mL为溶媒,转速为100r.min-1,取样时间为15min,在227nm波长处测定其溶出度。对乙酰氨基酚平均回收率为100.6%,RSD=0.59%;氯美扎酮平均回收率为100.6%,RSD=0.86%。3批样品15min溶出度均在90%以上,且溶出均一。本法简便、准确、可靠,可用于该制剂的溶出度测定。     

基于线性方程组数学分离模型建立光纤传感过程检测复方缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪片溶出度

基于线性方程组数学分离模型建立在线过程检测复方缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪片溶出度方法。分别扫描缬沙坦和氢氯噻嗪的紫外吸收光谱,两组分在最大吸收波长处完全重叠。根据朗伯比尔定律吸光度加和性原理,分别测定两组分在最大吸收波长处的吸光系数,建立线性方程组数学分离模型,采用光纤传感过程分析技术(FODT)检测缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪片的溶出度,并与HPLC法相比较。在规定的溶出介质中,两种成分同时实时测定,并且FODT累积溶出度与HPLC法相比较结果无显著性差异(p>0.05)。不同批次药物的溶出行为一致,说明制剂工艺稳定,均匀度好。溶出曲线显示缬沙坦溶出快于并高于氢氯噻嗪,且30 min时两组分的溶出度均大于80%符合美国药典规定。结果表明,应用线性方程组数学分离模型结合FODT法可实现复方缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪片中双组分溶出度的同时检测,并可提供双组分的溶出过程曲线和全部溶出数据,直观反映各组分在各溶出时段的快慢,为此药建立标准提供依据。与HPLC法单点数据相比优势明显,更有利于药品评价和抽验质量分析。     

ICP-OES法测定穿心莲药材中6种重金属元素溶出特性的研究

以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)同时测定了中药穿心莲中的As,Ba,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb等6种重金属元素,方法相对标准偏差2.1%~4.6%,回收率92.0%~103.2%,灵敏度高、简单、准确可靠。考察了采用热回流提取、浸泡提取、超声辅助提取等不同提取方法和提取溶剂时,上述6种元素的溶出情况。结果表明,实验所用穿心莲药材中Ba的含量最高,其次为Cu和Cr,而As,Pb,Cd在药材中含量相对较低。随着提取溶剂中乙醇含量升高,Ba的溶出减少,而Cu、Cr的溶出增加,Cd在酸性溶液中溶出最多;提取方法则以冷浸法溶出重金属元素最少,使用纯水和碱水的热回流提取重金属元素溶出相对较多。以上差异可能与这些元素在药材中的存在形态有关。     

紫外光纤化学传感原位过程监测青霉素V钾片溶出度

考察了光纤传感溶出度仪监测青霉素V钾片的溶出过程.结果表明方法的日内、日间精密度,回收率符合分析测试的要求,并与中国药典的方法比较,TD、T50及累积溶出率均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).光纤化学传感检测提高了测定的精密度和准确度,获得的数据信息完整,反映了药物在体外溶出的过程,替代了繁琐的传统测试方法.     

铋膜电极电位溶出法测定水果罐头中的痕量Sn2+

研究了同位镀铋膜法制备铋膜电极测定痕量Sn2+的电位溶出法。在0.1mol/L HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液(pH 4.8)中,通过开路富集于-1.2V进行电沉积,Sn2+与Bi3+被还原为单质富集于电极表面,在铋膜电极的电催化作用下再进行电位溶出,于-0.61V左右单质锡被氧化为Sn2+获得一灵敏的氧化溶出峰,其浓度与峰值成线性关系,线性范围为0.1—5.0mg/L,该方法的最低检出限为0.03mg/L(3σ)。利用该电极测定了水果罐头中痕量Sn2+的含量,并与国标方法作对比实验,结果表明该方法可用于实际样品分析。     

电化学溶出与椭偏光参量分析法对锰变价离子的分析

作者继用新函数Ｖｏｐ表示的椭圆法对Ｃｕ,Ｎｉ,Ａｇ等进行了阳极溶出容量分析之后,本文又实验研究阴极溶出椭圆法对锰变价离子的定量分析。再次证明：电化学溶出椭圆法可测得伏安法更准确的结果,而且可提高电化学过程的有关信息。     

同步镀铋膜差分脉冲伏安法测试土壤中铬

采用同步镀铋膜法修饰玻碳电极及差分脉冲溶出伏安法测试土壤中Cr。在优化的实验条件下,以KNO3为支持电解质,NaAc-HAc(pH=5.5)为缓冲溶液的铋膜上得到Cr溶出特征峰电位为-1.14V,线性方程为:I=0.0747C+0.31054,相关系数为0.9981,检出限为0.001μg/L,线性范围为0.01—60μg/L,RSD=2.47%,该方法简单快速,准确度和精密度均符合要求,回收率为96.7%—104.5%。     

借与玫瑰精B和孔雀石绿的显色反应测定阿莫西林

在弱碱性条件下,玫瑰精B(RHOB)或孔雀石绿(MALM)与阿莫西林反应生成红色或绿色离子缔合物,产生明显的褪色现象。RHOB体系的最大负吸收波长位于584nm,MALM体系产生两个可用于定量分析的褪色峰,其最大和次大负吸收波长分别位于634、612nm;线性范围均为0—5.5mg/L,表观摩尔吸光系数(ε)分别为1.11×104(RHOB体系)、1.36×104和1.23×104L.mol-1.cm-1(MALM)。阿莫西林在一定浓度范围内遵从比耳定律,由此建立了测定阿莫西林的可见分光光度法。探讨了适宜的反应条件、主要分析化学性质、方法的精密度及可靠性。方法用于市售阿莫西林药物中阿莫西林的测定,结果满意。     

应用FAAS和HG-AFS研究金银花中微量元素的溶出特性

采用HNO3-HClO4消解体系,火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)和氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定了隆回金银花中13种微量元素Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Sb、Se、Sn、Hg的含量,试样中各元素测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.86％-4.36％,加标回收率为90.0％-106.2％,方法快速、准确、灵敏度高,适用于金银花中微量元素含量的测定.同时考察了微波提取、超声提取和传统煎煮法对金银花中13种微量元素溶出的情况.结果表明:金银花溶出液中含量较多的元素顺序为:Mn＞Se＞Zn＞Cu＞Fe,其余元素的含量均很少;微波萃取法在有效成分的提取中具有快速、高效、安全等特点.     

六通道光纤传感药物溶出度监测仪的研制及应用

药物溶出度试验是药品检验的重要项目,在药物质量评价方面起着非常重要的作用。利用光纤传感技术可以实现药物溶出度的自动化、过程化监测。以氙灯、氘灯或卤钨灯作为荧光、紫外光及可见光的光源,以Y型分支光纤作为光路传输介质,紫外-可见吸收探头或荧光分子探头作为光响应器件,CCD作为检测器,通过自编软件实现紫外-可见吸收及荧光猝灭两种模式的检测。光纤传感药物溶出度监测仪不但解决了目前离线取样分析方法耗时、耗力的缺点,而且提供了药物溶出过程的实时信息,为药物质量控制提供了更好的评价手段。     

泥浆雾化电感耦合等离子体光谱法用于水泥和石膏的分析

本文详细地论述了用泥浆雾化电感耦合等离子光谱法分析水泥和石膏。     

Investigation of dissolution kinetics for high rates of dissolution

A procedure was developed for investigating the dissolution of crystals that rub against a substrate with the solvent, whereby the process becomes significantly intensified. A theory of the method is presented. The kinetics of dissolution of azobenzene in alcohol at different rates of substrate motion, normal loads on the crystal, and temperatures is investigated. It is shown that a diffusion-kinetic regime of dissolution is realized under these conditions. An estimate of the kinetic dissolution coefficient (K 1–15 cm/sec) yields a high value that does not agree with the concepts of the tangential mechanism, and indicates a normal mechanism of the process. The probable mechanism of crystallization of azobenzene from alcohol is tangential, and there is no quantitative reversibility of the crystallization and dissolution.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 18–24, December, 1970.     

丹参超微粉碎前后丹参酮ⅡA的溶出行为比较

采用高效液相色谱法测定丹参超微粉体和常规粉体中丹参酮ⅡA体外溶出量和溶出速率.丹参超微粉体和常规粉体中丹参酮ⅡA体外溶出量无显著性差异,超微粉体的溶出速率较常规粉体明显增加.实验表明超微粉碎可明显提高丹参酮ⅡA溶出速率.     

Holographic interferometry as electrochemical emission spectroscopy of a carbon steel in 5–20 ppm TROS C-70 inhibited seawater

In the present investigation, holographic interferometry was utilized for the first time to determine the rate change of the number of the fringe evolutions during the corrosion test of a carbon steel in blank seawater and seawater with different concentrations of a corrosion inhibitor. In other words, the anodic dissolution behaviors (corrosion) of the carbon steel were determined simultaneously by holographic interferometry, as an electromagnetic method, and by the electrochemical impedance (EI) spectroscopy, as an electronic method. So, the abrupt rate change of the number of the fringe evolutions during corrosion tests, EI spectroscopy, of the carbon steel is called electrochemical emission spectroscopy. The corrosion process of the steel samples was carried out in blank seawater and seawater with different concentrations, 5–20 ppm, of TROS C-70 corrosion inhibitor using the EI spectroscopy method, at room temperature. The electrochemical-emission spectra of the carbon steel in different solutions represent a detailed picture of the rate change of the anodic dissolution of the steel throughout the corrosion processes. Furthermore, the optical interferometry data of the carbon steel were compared to the data, which was obtained from the EI. spectroscopy. Consequently, holographic interferometry is found very useful for monitoring the anodic dissolution behaviors of metals, in which the number of the fringe evolutions of the steel samples can be determined in situ.     

Processes of dissolution and hydrate formation behind a shock wave in a liquid with carbon dioxide bubbles

The processes of dissolution and hydrate formation behind the front of a shock wave of moderate amplitude in water with carbon dioxide bubbles are studied experimentally at various initial static pressures. The influence of a surface-active substance (SAS) in the medium on the processes of dissolution and hydrate formation behind the shock wave is investigated. It is demonstrated that behind a shock wave of moderate amplitude in a liquid with carbon dioxide bubbles an intensive process of dissolution and hydrate formation takes place, resulting in complete disappearance of the gas phase in a matter of a few milliseconds. The presence of an SAS in the medium does not significantly influence the processes of dissolution and hydrate formation within the investigated periods of time.     

Holographic interferometry as electrochemical emission spectroscopy of carbon steel in seawater with low concentration of RA-41 corrosion inhibitor

In the present investigation, holographic interferometry was utilized for the first time to determine the rate change of the number of the fringe evolutions during the corrosion test of carbon steel in blank seawater and with seawater with different concentrations of a corrosion inhibitor. In other words, the anodic dissolution behaviors (corrosion) of the carbon steel were determined simultaneously by holographic interferometry, an electromagnetic method, and by the electrochemical impedance (EI) spectroscopy, an electronic method. So, the abrupt rate change of the number of the fringe evolutions during corrosion test (EI) spectroscopy, of the carbon steel is called electrochemical emission spectroscopy. The corrosion process of the steel samples was carried out in blank seawater and seawater with different concentrations, 5–20 ppm, of RA-41 corrosion inhibitor using the EI spectroscopy method, at room temperature. The electrochemical emission spectra of the carbon steel in different solutions represent a detailed picture of the rate change of the anodic dissolution of the steel throughout the corrosion processes. Furthermore, the optical interferometry data of the carbon steel were compared to the data, which were obtained from the EI spectroscopy. Consequently, holographic interferometric is found very useful for monitoring the anodic dissolution behaviors of metals, in which the number of the fringe evolutions of the steel samples can be determined in situ.     

Cavitation-assisted decontamination of yttria from graphite of different densities

Yttria coated graphite crucibles are widely used to handle molten refractory and radioactive metals like uranium and plutonium. However, the coated layer suffers damages like cracking and peeling off owing to thermal cycles. As a result, removal of the yttria layer from the graphite surface is essential to ensure reuse of the crucible and minimization of radioactive waste. The present work investigates intensified dissolution of yttria from the coated graphite samples using ultrasound as a non-destructive decontamination technique to recycle the graphite substrate. The optimum conditions established for maximum dissolution were 8 M as acid strength, frequency of 30 kHz, temperature of 45 °C and power density of 8 W cm⁻² that resulted in maximum dissolution of 52% in 30 min. Use of an oxidant H₂O₂ to the acid, did not yield any improvement in the dissolution kinetics, instead, increased oxidation of the graphite substrate was observed, leading to the anomalous weight gain of the graphite substrate despite surface erosion. Effect of ultrasound on the dissolution was pronounced, with almost a threefold increase compared to dissolution performed under silent conditions. Rates of dissolution of yttria from the substrate of different densities and pore size distribution were also studied. The dissolution was slowest from graphite of density 1.82 g cm⁻³ as the pore size distribution was conducive to accommodate the yttria particles. The dissolution in nitric acid followed ash layer diffusion controlled kinetics. The study has demonstrated the efficacy of application of ultrasound for accelerated decontamination of graphite substrates.