光纤探针型近场光镊光阱力特性研究

基于动量守恒原理,结合麦克斯韦应力张量和三维时域有限差分方法,建立了近场空间内激光光镊对纳米微粒的光阱力计算模型.分析了光纤探针型近场光镊的近场分布以及操作纳米微粒时各轴向光阱力的分布情况,并探讨了光纤探针尖端的捕获尺寸、捕获位置和操作稳定性.结果表明:微粒应处于光纤探针针尖的近场空间内才可实现稳定可靠的纳米操作,不同...     

两种单光纤光镊捕获效果的数值仿真与实验研究

采用一种基于时域有限差分(FDTD)的数值算法,仿真计算了抛物线形和大锥角形两种新型单光纤光镊的出射光场,并在稳态场下通过对麦克斯韦应力张量积分求得介质球在两种光场中受到的光阱力,得到大锥角型光纤端产生的光阱力较大的结论;讨论了不同介质球大小、折射率,光纤探针形状对光阱力的影响.在实验中这两种光纤探针都实现了对水中酵母菌细胞的捕获,且采用流体力学法对抛物线形和大锥角形二种新型单光纤光镊产生的光阱力进行了标定.结果表明:基于FDTD数值仿真方法计算受力与实验结果一致,并且这种计算光纤光镊产生的光阱力的方法简单.适用;且抛物线形和大锥角形光纤探头都具备构成单光纤光镊的条件.     

采用超连续谱激光的双光束光纤光阱实验

以超连续谱激光器作为捕获光源,首次提出并搭建了超连续谱双光束光纤光阱实验系统,实现了聚苯乙烯微球的捕获和操控。通过改变光纤端面间隔和调整捕获光功率的方式精确控制微球的位置,采用CCD图像分析方法实现了微球位置的精确测量。对微球受限布朗运动下的位置变化进行傅里叶变换,计算得到功率谱,与理论功率谱函数拟合后求出了其光阱刚度。结果表明,捕获光束的功率为28 mW时,光阱刚度达到1.3×10-6N/m,高于相同实验条件下单波长光纤光阱的刚度。与传统采用单色光作为捕获光源的光镊系统不同,超连续谱双光束光阱系统利用其宽谱优势,通过研究被捕获微粒的散射光谱信息可获取其尺寸、折射率等物理特征参数。     

近场光镊技术研究新进展

光镊技术,又称光学捕获技术,它是利用光的辐射压力来捕获和操纵包括电介质颗粒、生物细胞及生物大分子在内的微小粒子的。近场光镊技术利用近场光学倏逝场随距离急剧衰减的特征,可显著地降低捕获粒子的尺寸,实现纳米捕获。追踪了近场光镊技术的最新进展,包括全内反射相干倏逝场、近场光学镀膜光纤探针尖、激光照明金属探针尖和聚焦倏逝场用于近场光学捕获,并对其进行了比较,分析了它们存在的主要问题和未来发展方向。     

光镊力影响因素的计算分析

运用基于T矩阵算法的开源光镊计算工具包对可能影响光镊力的微粒尺寸、相对折射率以及光束模式进行了研究,计算结果表明,这三方面因素都会对光镊力产生显著影响,微粒直径与波长相等、相对折射率尽可能大时选择恰当的光束模式能够产生最佳的光镊捕获效果.     

飞秒光镊技术及其发展

激光捕获技术是利用光辐射力来捕捉、移动和操纵微粒的先进技术。飞秒光镊在实现粒子微纳操纵的同时还伴随着非线性现象的发生。阐述了飞秒光镊的模型和原理以及系统的各种结构形式,包括单光束梯度力光阱、贝塞耳光阱、双光束光纤光阱和冲击波光阱几种形式,并分析了每种形式的特点。     

光镊系统的组建及光阱效应的观察

光镊是美国科学家Arthur Ashkin于1986年发明的,现被用来操控微小粒子和作为微小力的传感器.随着光镊技术的不断发展,光镊在生物大分子的操控和生物大分子生命过程中动力学研究方面发挥着巨大作用.本文介绍了光镊的工作原理,以及如何利用实验室现有条件,以较低成本搭建了一个简化的光镊系统,并观察了光镊对几种微小粒子的捕捉情况,证实了光阱有一定的作用范围,且其捕获能力随微粒尺寸增大而减小.     

硅基纳米光镊结构的热分析和捕获特性

针对金属纳米光镊结构进行捕获时存在的光热效应问题,设计了一种硅基双纳米球的光镊结构。采用基于三维频域有限元的算法,对比分析了硅基双纳米球与金基双纳米球结构的增强场分布以及在对聚苯乙烯颗粒捕获势能相同条件下的热效应,发现硅基结构具有发热小、在高光场强度下捕获稳定性好的优点。对所设计的硅基双纳米球结构对聚苯乙烯颗粒的捕获特性进行模拟分析,在稳态场下研究了不同直径颗粒在不同位置受到的捕获力情况。研究结果表明,硅基纳米光镊结构在对微粒进行稳定捕获的同时可有效降低结构热效应带来的影响。     

轴向多光阱微粒捕获与实时直接观测技术

传统的光镊技术使用单个物镜同时进行光学捕获与显微成像,使得捕获与成像区域被限制在物镜焦平面附近,无法同时观察到沿光轴方向(即Z向)捕获的多个微粒.本文提出一种轴平面(XZ平面)GerchbergSaxton迭代算法来产生沿轴向分布的多光阱阵列,将轴平面成像技术与光镊结合,实现了沿轴向对二氧化硅微球的多光阱同时捕获与实时观测.通过视频分析法测量了多个二氧化硅微球在轴向光镊阵列中的布朗运动,并标定了光阱刚度.本文提出的轴向多光阱微粒捕获与实时观测技术为光学微操纵提供了一个新的观测视角和操纵方法,为生物医学、物理学等相关领域研究提供了一种新的技术手段.     

时域有限差分法利用聚焦光脉冲模拟介质球微粒所受单频光阱力

用三维时域有限差分法对光镊装置中介质球微粒所受光阱力情况进行模拟。根据Richards-Wolf矢量场衍射积分公式对消球差会聚透镜像空间中电磁场分布的表示,在总场空间中实现了对聚焦光脉冲的模拟。聚焦光脉冲与介质球微粒的相互作用,通过离散傅里叶变换提取出单频成分,利用计算光阱力的麦克斯韦应力张量公式,计算单频激光对介质球的光阱力。聚焦光脉冲的引入可以使一次计算得到多个频率下的计算结果。对相同的聚焦装置下介质球受不同频率入射光的光阱力情况进行了计算。计算结果表明使用线偏振光作光源时,大数值孔径聚焦透镜和短入射波长有利于介质球的横向操纵;沿光轴方向对介质球进行纵向操纵,需要大数值孔径的物镜和与之相适应的入射波长。     

Nano-manipulation performance with enhanced evanescent field close to near-field optical probes

Recently, interest in nano-manipulation using the evanescent wave generated by nano-objects has been growing, but the analyses of manipulation flexibility and performance haven't been solved. In this paper the near-field optical trap utilizing a tapered metalized probe used in NSOM is described in detail. By employing a generalization of the conservation law for momentum using three-dimensional FDTD method, rigorous calculations of field distributions and trapping forces in near-field region are conducted. Calculations show that the particle with radius larger than the aperture is pushed away from the metal-coated fiber probe, while it tends to be trapped in larger effective region as its radius becoming smaller. The particle that is placed very near the aperture and around two field peaks intends to be dragged to the aperture edge, while the particle placed at other position tends to be attracted to the center surface of the probe tip. Furthermore, a preferable method using the combination of the near-field optical fiber probe and the AFM metallic probe is proposed, for more efficient non-contact manipulation and better observation of one single nano-particle. The analyses of trapping potential along the probe axis and the near-field distribution show the possibility of particle trapping.     

Photocatalytic nano-optical trapping using TiO2 nanosphere pairs mediated with Mie-scattered near field

The localized enhanced near field on nanostructures has been attracting much attention for a template for size-selective optical trapping (tweezers) beyond the diffraction limit. The near-field optical trapping has mainly been studied using metallic substrates such as Au nanodot pairs, periodic Al nanoslits, nanoapertures on an Au film, etc. In this paper, we newly propose a Mie-scattered-near-field optical trapping scheme for size-selective photocatalytic application using pairs of poly-rutile TiO₂ nanospheres. The optical intensity distribution in a 3D-nanogap space between the nanospheres was simulated by a 3D FDTD method. The simulation system consists of the two TiO₂ nanospheres placed on a silica substrate in water. The 400-nm excitation laser is used for both the near-field trapping and the photocatalyst excitation. The optical trapping forces were calculated based on the near-field optical intensity distribution. The trapping stiffness for 20-nm polystyrene sphere at a gap distance of 20 nm was 6.4 pN/nm/W. The optical force vector shows that the object like virus can be trapped with sufficient forces into the nanogap space and then is driven into the direct surface of the TiO₂ sphere. This result suggests that this system works as a photocatalytic trapping for killing virus, protein, etc.     

时域有限差分法数值仿真单光镊中微球受到的光阱力

本文采用三维时域有限差分法(FDTD)和Maxwell应力张量法建立了单光镊在焦点附近俘获球形微粒的光阱力模型,采用基于球矢量波函数(VSWF)的五阶高斯光源作为仿真光源,得到了准确的光场传播.讨论了光源的波长、束腰、偏振态和微球的半径、折射率对光阱力的影响,分析了在单光镊俘获微球时,邻近微球对光阱力的影响.特别研究了光源的偏振态对微球所受光阱力的作用效果,仿真结果表明圆偏振光比线偏振光对微球的俘获力更大;被光镊稳定俘获的微球,会受到邻近微球干扰,失去平衡状态,改变光源的偏振态可以改变微球的受力状态. 关键词： 光镊 光阱力 介质微球 时域有限差分法(FDTD)     

一种用于细胞操作的单光纤光镊研究

采用一种抛物线形光纤针作为基本器件,设计制作了单光纤光镊系统.用时域有限差分（Finite Difference Time Domain,FDTD）的方法仿真了抛物线型光纤探针的出射场,并在稳态场下通过对麦克斯韦应力张量积分求出不同介质球半径和折射率情况下,介质球受到的横向和纵向光作用力.实验中此单光纤光镊系统实现了对水中酵母细胞的空间捕获,并且结合两个抛物线形光纤针实现了酵母细胞在两个光势阱中的转移交接.这种单光纤光镊系统结构简单、紧凑,操纵灵活,便于调整.可以适应更多的生物细胞和生物分子的光微操作需求.     

纳米光学和生物单分子探测

纳米光学技术展示了纳米级探测本领，同时生物单分子探测所需要分辨尺度也是纳米数量级的，因此在生物单分子探测过程中，纳米光学发挥了巨大的作用．文章介绍了与生物单分子探测技术相关的纳米光学技术，包括量子近场光学探针技术、近场光学成像技术(包括扫描近场光学显微术及全内反射荧光显微术)和激光光钳测控技术及它们在生物单分子探测上的进展，从而在染色、成像、测控三个方面展示了纳米光学技术在生物方面的应用，并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望．     

Calculation and optical measurement of laser trapping forces on non-spherical particles

Optical trapping, where microscopic particles are trapped and manipulated by light is a powerful and widespread technique, with the single-beam gradient trap (also known as optical tweezers) in use for a large number of biological and other applications. The forces and torques acting on a trapped particle result from the transfer of momentum and angular momentum from the trapping beam to the particle. Despite the apparent simplicity of a laser trap, with a single particle in a single beam, exact calculation of the optical forces and torques acting on particles is difficult. Calculations can be performed using approximate methods, but are only applicable within their ranges of validity, such as for particles much larger than, or much smaller than, the trapping wavelength, and for spherical isotropic particles. This leaves unfortunate gaps, since wavelength-scale particles are of great practical interest because they are readily and strongly trapped and are used to probe interesting microscopic and macroscopic phenomena, and non-spherical or anisotropic particles, biological, crystalline, or other, due to their frequent occurance in nature, and the possibility of rotating such objects or controlling or sensing their orientation. The systematic application of electromagnetic scattering theory can provide a general theory of laser trapping, and render results missing from existing theory. We present here calculations of force and torque on a trapped particle obtained from this theory and discuss the possible applications, including the optical measurement of the force and torque.     

Systematical study of the trapping forces of optical tweezers formed by different types of optical ring beams

The technique of optical tweezers has been improved a lot since its invention, which extends the application fields of optical tweezers. Besides the conventionally used Gaussian beams, different types of ring beams have also been used to form optical tweezers for different purposes. The two typical kinds of ring beams used in optical tweezers are the hollow Gaussian beam and Laguerre--Gaussian (LG) beam. Both theoretical computation and experiments have shown that the axial trapping force is improved for the ring beams compared with the Gaussian beam, and hence the trapping stability is improved, although the transverse trapping forces of ring beams are smaller than that of Gaussian beam. However, no systematic study on the trapping forces of ring beam has ever been discussed. In this article, we will investigate the axial and transverse trapping forces of different types of ring beams with different parameters systematically, by numerical computation in which the ray optics model is adopted. The spherical aberration caused by the refractive index mismatch between oil and water is also considered in the article. The trapping forces for different objectives that obey the sine condition and tangent condition are also compared with each other. The result of systematical calculation will be useful for the applications of optical tweezers formed by different types of ring beams.     

利用光镊计算工具箱实现光镊系统的参量评价

光镊所捕获的微球尺度常常落在中间尺度上,导致相关参量难于计算.OTT1光镊工具箱是一种基于广义Lorenz-Mie理论的T-matrix方法,它的发展使得对光镊系统的详细计算和评价成为可能.本文对光镊的轴向捕获特性曲线、线性性和刚度,以及杜克系列微球的互换性做了计算和评价.结果表明:光镊所用物镜的数值孔径越接近水的折射率捕获效果越好;0.8~1.2 μm的聚苯乙烯微球组成的光镊刚度较大;直径在2 μm以下的聚苯乙烯微球组成的光镊线性度较好;0.8~2 μm的Duke系列聚苯乙烯微球的互换性较好,便于纳米光镊的修正与实验;要避免米共振微球的直径要在2.5 μm以下.