利用APPLEⅡ机实现谱板的自动化测量

采用APPLEⅡ微机控制9W测微光密度计,实现对谱板自动化测量。论述了该系统的工作原理、主要功能和特性。给出了使用该系统所测得的实际光谱谱图。     

激光能俘获粒子吗?

 随着科学技术的深入发展.特别是六十年代激光诞生,使光学领域发生了一次重大飞跃,它不仅开创了光学技术的新局面,而且几乎没有那一门自然科学不感受到激光的巨大魅力的影响.与此同时,作为对光自身性质的研究,人们对光的力学效应产生了浓厚的兴趣.每个光子具有的动量虽小,但高亮度的激光束所表现出来的动量则可产生令人惊叹的宏观效应.目前已做到将Na原子的运动速度从600m/s冷却到平均速度近似为零.将原子冷却到10^-4K后进一步采用磁陷阱、射频陷阱或激光陷阱等把原子囚禁其中.     

用全色软片记录光谱

用全色软片记录光谱李银妹（中国科技大学物理系，合肥２３００２７）一般光谱仪的暗盒都配用玻璃基底的专用光谱干板，这种干板必须在暗室中处理．我们尝试用１３５全色软胶片替代玻璃干板进行光谱记录，可以解决没有暗室的困难．一、设备改造首先将原来的摄谱暗盒改造成...     

受限分散体系中粒子扩散特性的研究

当微小粒子被限制在两个距离很近的平行平面之间时，其扩散将不同于它在无限空间中的自由扩散. 利用光镊和CCD图像相关处理系统，直接测量了直径1μm的聚苯乙烯小球在不同高度，一定时间间隔内，沿着平行玻片表面方向上布朗运动的距离，并由此得到了样品池上下两个平行表面对分散体系分散相小球扩散特性的影响. 还利用小球偏离物镜焦平面不同距离时的成像状况，用相关运算法确定了小球在纵向上的位置，实现了小球扩散特性与小球在样品池中的纵向位置的关系的研究.     

Calculation of optical trapping forces on dielectric spheres at an oil-water interface with ray-optics model

The transverse trapping forces on a dielectric sphere located at an oil-water interface are theoretically investigated with the ray-optics model. The transverse trapping forces rely on the internal property of the particle-interface system, and increase with either the decrease of three phase contact angles at the oil- water interface or the use of oil phase with low refractive index. The numerical results also show that the transverse trapping forces can be improved by either decreasing the numerical aperture of the microscope objective or shrinking the diameter of the trapping laser beam.     

Observing Nanometre Scale Particles with Light Scattering for Manipulation Using Optical Tweezers

Nanometre-scale particles can be manipulated using optical tweezers, but cannot be directly observed. We present a simple method that nanoparticles can be directly observed using optical tweezers combined with dark field microscopy. A laser beam perpendicular to a tightly focused laser beam for trap illuminates specimen and does not enter objective, nanoparticles in focal plane all can be directly observed in dark field because of light scattering. It is implemented that the polystyrene beads of diameter lOOnm can be directly observed and trapped.     

泽尼克多项式校正全息阵列光镊像差的实验研究

像差会影响光镊对粒子的捕获效果. 全息阵列光镊中, 像差不仅来自光学元件, 由特定算法设计的光阱相位片也会在光路中引入像差. 本文通过液晶空间光调制器加载泽尼克多项式相位图, 对全息阵列光镊中由光栅透镜组型算法引起的像差进行校正. 结果显示: 利用三阶泽尼克多项式可有效消除光路中由光栅透镜组型算法引 起的慧差, 使得捕获2 μm聚苯乙烯小球的阵列光阱刚度提高了约40%; 对比不同项的像差校正结果发现, 全息阵列光镊中由算法引起的慧差 与光学元件引起的像差一样, 也会对阵列光阱的捕获效果产生较大影响; 同时根据一阶像差校正结果可得光栅透镜 组型算法对于一阶泽尼克像差具有鲁棒性. 实验结果表明, 对全息阵列光镊中由 算法引起的像差进行校正, 对于提高光阱的捕获效果和深化对算法特性的认识都具有重要意义.     

Measurement of interaction force between RGD-peptide and Hela cell surface by optical tweezers

Since RGD peptides (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid) are found to promote cell adhesion, they are modified at numerous materials surface for medical applications such as drug delivery and regenerative medicine. Peptide-cell surface interactions play a key role in the above applications. In this letter, we study the adhesion force between the RGD-coated bead and Hela cell surface by optical tweezes. The adhesion is dominated by the binding of α5β1 and RGD-peptide with higher adhesion probability and stronger adhesion strength compared with the adhesion of bare bead and cell surface. The binding force for a single α5β1 -GRGDSP pair is determined to be 16.8 pN at a loading rate of 1.5 nN/s. The unstressed off-rate is 1.65 × 10-2s-1 and the distance of transition state for the rigid binding model is 3.0 nm.     

高分子添加剂对激光染料荧光的增强效应

本文研究以水作溶剂的Rh-6G激光染料中加入高分子添加剂——聚乙二醇(分子量为6000)引起的染料荧光的增强效应。通过荧光光谱,吸收光谱与染料浓度,添加剂含量的关系的实验研究,定量地给出了不同添加剂量对荧光的增强作用。表明了荧光增强效应的机理主要是添加剂抑制了二聚物的形成。     

Computer simulation of the collision frequency of two particles in optical tweezers

Optical tweezers have been successfully used in the study of colloid science. In most applications people are concerned with the behaviour of a single particle held in the optical tweezers. Recently, the ability of the optical tweezers to simultaneously hold two particles has been used to determine the stability ratio of colloidal dispersion. This new development stimulates the efforts to explore the characteristics of a two-particle system in the optical tweezers.An infinite spherical potential well has been used to estimate the collision frequency for two particles in the optical trap based on a Monte Carlo simulation. In this article, a more reasonable harmonic potential, commonly accepted for the optical tweezers, is adopted in a Monte Carlo simulation of the collision frequency. The effect of hydrodynamic interaction of particles in the trap is also considered. The simulation results based on this improved model show quantitatively that the collision frequency drops down sharply at first and then decreases slowly as the distance between the two particles increases. The simulation also shows how the collision frequency is related to the stiffness of the optical tweezers.