ZnSe－CdZnSe多量子阱F－P腔光双稳器件的室温皮秒反射式激子光双稳

ＺｎＳｅ－ＣｄＺｎＳｅ多量子阱Ｆ－Ｐ腔光双稳器件的室温皮秒反射式激子光双稳栗红玉，申德振，张吉英，范希武，杨宝均（中国科学院激发态物理开放研究实验室，长春１３００２１）（中国科学院长春物理研究所，长春１３００２１）近年来，半导体超晶格的光双稳器件由于...     

ZnSe－ZnTe多量子阱室温下的反射型皮秒激子光双稳

本文首次研究了ＺｎＳｅ－ＺｎＴｅ多量子阱在室温下的反射型皮秒激子光双稳，实验结果表明，ＺｎＳｅ－ＺｎＴｅ多量子阱在室温下的反射型皮秒光双稳的阈值光强和对比度分别为１．１ＭＷ／ｃｍ２和６：１．根据测量得到的ＺｎＳｅ－ＺｎＴｅ多量子阱在室温下的激子吸收光谱及激子的非线性吸收理论，归结ＺｎＳｅ－ＺｎＴｅ多量子阱室温下的皮秒光双稳的主要非线性机理为ＺｎＳｅ－ＺｎＴｅ多量子阱的激子饱和吸收引起的折射率变化．     

硬脂酸与Mo(W)-S-Fe簇合物复合膜的XPS和AES研究

在钢铁表面获得了具有金属光泽和良好装饰效果的不溶性彩色Ｍｏ（Ｗ）－Ｓ－Ｆｅ族合物膜，采用加速化学腐蚀试验，ＬＳＶ，ＸＰＳ和ＡＥＳ研究了多种钝化剂处理簇合物膜前后的耐蚀性能，结果表明，硬脂酸钝化处理后，不仅保护和稳定了膜层的颜色，而且提高了钢铁的抗腐蚀能力，硬脂酸与彩色膜表面的Ｆｅ＾２＋反应形成了一层致密的不溶性配合物膜。     

ZnSe-CdZnse多量子阱光双稳器件的研制

本文采用电化学选择性腐蚀工艺对GaAs衬底蚀孔,在其上获得了大面积具有光滑表面的Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体多量子阱外延膜.通过在其表面蒸镀反射膜,制成了高质量的F-P腔,制备出ZnSe-CdZnSe多量子阱F-P腔光双稳器件.     

1.55μmSi_(1-x)Ge_x光波导与Si_(1-x)Ge_x/Si多量子阱探测器集成的优化设计

对１．５５μｍ波长的Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ光波导和Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ／Ｓｉ多量子阱（ＭＱＷ）红外探测器的集成器件结构进行了系统的分析和优化设计。优化结果为：１）对Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ光波导，Ｇｅ含量ｘ＝０．０５，脊宽、高和腐蚀深度分别为８、３和２．６μｍ；２）对Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ／Ｓｉ多量子阱红外探测器，Ｇｅ含量ｘ＝０．５，探测器由厚度为５５０ｎｍ、２３个周期的６ｎｍＳｉ０．５Ｇｅ０．５＋１７ｎｍＳｉ组成，长度约２ｍｍ。结果表明，这种结构器件的内量子效率可达８８％。     

1.55μmSi1—xGex光波导在Si1—xGex／Si多量子阱探测器集成的优…

对１。５５μｍ波长的Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ光波导和Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ／Ｓｉ多量子阱红外探测器的集成器件结构进行了系统的分析和优化设计。优化结果为：１）对Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ光波导，Ｇｅ含量ｘ＝０．０５，脊宽，高和腐蚀深度分别为８，３和２．６μｍ，２）对ＳＩ１－ｘＧｅｘ／Ｓｉ多量子阱红外探测器，Ｇｅ含量ｘ＝０．５，探测器由厚度为５５０ｎｍ，２３个周期的６ｎｍＳｉ０．５ＧＥ０．５＋１８ｎｍＳｉ组成，长度约２ｍｍ。     

用泵浦-探测方法研究ZnCdSe量子阱/CdSe量子点复合结构中的激子衰减

用飞秒泵浦－探测方法测量了ＺｎＣｄｓｅ量子阱／ＺｎＳｅ／ＣｄＳｅ量子点复合结构样品的透射特性。样品中ＺｎＳｅ垒层厚度为 １５ｎｍ,泵浦一探测结果得到上升沿时间为 ３６７±６０ｆｓ,下降沿时间为１．３±０．２ｐｓ。获得ＺｎＣｄＳｅ量子阱中激子寿命约为１ｐｓ。     

ZnSe－ZnS量子阱的光学非线性

ＺｎＳｅ－ＺｎＳ量子阱的光学非线性张希清，范希武，申德振，杨爱华，陈连春，吕有明，陈一民（中国科学院长春物理研究所，长春１３００２１）半导体量子阱及超晶格材料具有室温激子效应以及强的光学非线性从而得到人们广泛的重视．利用半导体量子阱和超晶格可以制备出...     

非晶态Fe0.5Al0.5PO4表面上激光促进甲烷直接氧化合成甲醇的研究

用溶胶－凝胶法合成了非晶态Ｆｅ０．５Ａｌ０．５ＰＯ４。用ＸＲＤ和ＴＰＲ表征了其结构和晶格氧的活性;用ＩＲ和ＴＰＤ表征了ＣＨ４在其表面上的吸附行为;用ＬＳＳＲ方法考察了ＣＨ４直接氧化合成ＣＨ３ＯＨ的反应规律。结果表明,Ｆｅ０．５Ａｌ０．５ＰＯ４具有非晶态的结构,ＦｅＰＯ４和ＡｌＰＯ４的微区被均匀地相互隔离,导致固体本身不具有长程有序性。非晶态的Ｆｅ０．５Ａｌ０．５ＰＯ４与晶态的Ｆｅ０．５Ａｌ０．５Ｐ     

ZnSe—ZnS多量子阱光学吸收非线性时间特性及其机制

利用飞秒泵浦一探测技术，在７７Ｋ温度下测量了ＺｎＳｅ－ＺｎＳ多量子阱材料的光学吸收非线性时间特性，其上升时间为１０ｐｓ，恢复时间为１４ｐｓ，讨论了其产生机制为带填充。     

Femtosecond laser structuring of titanium implants

In this study we perform the first femtosecond laser surface treatment of titanium in order to determine the potential of this technology for surface structuring of titanium implants. We find that the femtosecond laser produces a large variety of nanostructures (nanopores, nanoprotrusions) with a size down to 20 nm, multiple parallel grooved surface patterns with a period on the sub-micron level, microroughness in the range of 1-15 μm with various configurations, smooth surface with smooth micro-inhomogeneities, and smooth surface with sphere-like nanostructures down to 10 nm. Also, we have determined the optimal conditions for producing these surface structural modifications. Femtosecond laser treatment can produce a richer variety of surface structures on titanium for implants and other biomedical applications than long-pulse laser treatments.     

气体-表面相互作用的分子动力学模拟研究

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了气体分子Ar在光滑和粗糙Pt表面上的散射规律.提出了一种速度抽样方法,计算了不同温度条件下气体分子对光滑和粗糙表面的切向动量适应系数和吸附概率.结果显示：光滑表面条件下,气体分子的切向动量系数和吸附概率都随着温度的升高而降低;粗糙度对气体分子切向动量与表面的适应具有极大的促进作用,当粗糙度足够大时,切向动量适应系数的大小趋近于1.0,对温度的敏感性也逐渐降低.采用粒子束方法对气体分子在光滑和粗糙表面上的散射规律进行了定量分析.总结了散射过程中气体分子的典型轨迹和动量变化规律,将气体分子在光滑表面的散射分为两种类型：单次碰撞后散射和多次碰撞后散射.单次碰撞后散射的气体分子平均切向动量有所减小,而经过多次碰撞后散射的气体分子则倾向于保持原有的平均切向动量.对于粗糙表面,粗糙度的存在使气体分子与表面间的动量和能量适应更加充分,导致气体分子在较粗糙表面上散射后的平均切向动量大幅减小并接近于0,且气体分子在表面上经历的碰撞次数越多,其散射后的能量损失越严重.     

Wave diffraction by a concave statistically rough surface

We consider a statistically rough impedance surface that is concave on average in contrast to a plane. Backscattering from such a surface is considered based on the small perturbation theory method. The diffraction problem is divided into two parts which are considered separately: the problem of scattering by small roughness (assumed to be local) and the propagation of incident and scattered fields over a smooth large-scale concave surface. In contrast to the 'two-scale' scattering model, the zero-order unperturbed wavefield is not assumed to be specularly reflected from the local tangent plane to the smooth surface, but it is a solution of a corresponding diffraction problem. Two particular cases of smooth surfaces are considered: first, the inner surface of a concave cylinder with a constant radius and finite angular pattern, and second, a compound surface that consists of a coupled half-plane and the cylindrical surface mentioned above. In a geometrical optics limit and with propagation at low grazing angles, the analytical results for a zero-order (unperturbed) field are obtained for these two cases in the form of a series over multiple specular reflected fields. It is shown that these non-local processes lead to the essential increase in the backscattering cross section in comparison with the two-scale model and tangent-plane approach.     

Multiple time scale simulations of metal crystal growth reveal the importance of multiatom surface processes

A method for extending atomistic computer simulations of solids beyond the nanosecond time scale was used to simulate metal crystal growth on the time scale of laboratory experiments. Transitions involving concerted motion of multiple atoms on the crystal surface are found to lead to remarkably smooth growth of pure Al(100). Cu(100) is found to grow with a rougher surface, consistent with experiments. Not only is the activation energy of the multiatom Al processes surprisingly low, but vibrational entropy also favors processes where many atoms are displaced.     

Wave diffraction by a concave statistically rough surface

Abstract

We consider a statistically rough impedance surface that is concave on average in contrast to a plane. Backscattering from such a surface is considered based on the small perturbation theory method. The diffraction problem is divided into two parts which are considered separately: the problem of scattering by small roughness (assumed to be local) and the propagation of incident and scattered fields over a smooth large-scale concave surface. In contrast to the ‘two-scale’ scattering model, the zero-order unperturbed wavefield is not assumed to be specularly reflected from the local tangent plane to the smooth surface, but it is a solution of a corresponding diffraction problem. Two particular cases of smooth surfaces are considered: first, the inner surface of a concave cylinder with a constant radius and finite angular pattern, and second, a compound surface that consists of a coupled half-plane and the cylindrical surface mentioned above. In a geometrical optics limit and with propagation at low grazing angles, the analytical results for a zero-order (unperturbed) field are obtained for these two cases in the form of a series over multiple specular reflected fields. It is shown that these non-local processes lead to the essential increase in the backscattering cross section in comparison with the two-scale model and tangent-plane approach.     

The surface morphology of pyrolytic graphite irradiated by hydrogen atoms

Interaction between atomic hydrogen and pyrolytic graphite is investigated by thermal desorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy. After exposure in an atomic hydrogen flow, the initially smooth graphite surface becomes rough, with a height difference of several nanometers. When heated, the samples release hydrogen and their surface is smoothed out, showing monolayer-deep etch pits. After multiple sorption-desorption cycles, both the linear sizes and the depth of the pits increase.     

动载荷下金属板表面的微物质喷射

 用石英晶体传感器技术，测量了冲击波作用下铝合金（Ly-12）和纯铅样品自由表面的微物质喷射量。在冲击压力为32 GPa时，测得光洁度为3.2、0.4、0.1 μm的铝合金的微物质喷射量分别为1.53～3.28 g/m²，0.2～0.3 g/m²和0.053～0.096 g/m²，对光洁度为3.2 μm的纯铅样品，在压力为13 GPa和47 GPa时，微物质喷射量分别微26.4～42.4 g/m²和183～328 g/m²。在最高冲击压力约为20 GPa时，做了多次冲击下的微物质喷射量测量，发现比单次冲击加载下的喷射量有很大的减少。结果表明，微物质喷射量与自由表面的加工条件、局部熔化和加载方式等因素有关。     

Thermal conductivity of VLS-grown rough Si nanowires with various surface roughnesses and diameters

In this paper, we synthesize VLS-grown rough Si nanowires using Mn as a catalyst with various surface roughnesses and diameters and measured their thermal conductivities. We grew the nanowires by a combination vapor-liquid-solid and vapor-solid mechanism for longitudinal and radial growth, respectively. The surface roughness was controlled from smooth up to about 37 nm by the radial growth. Our measurements showed that the thermal conductivity of rough surface Si nanowires is significantly lower than that of smooth surface nanowires and decreased with increasing surface roughness even though the diameter of the smooth nanowire was lower than that of the rough nanowires. Considering both nanowires were grown via the same growth mechanism, these outcomes clearly demonstrate that the rough surface induces phonon scattering and reduces thermal conductivity with this nanoscale-hole-free nanowires. Control of roughness induced phonon scattering in Si nanowires holds promise for novel thermoelectric devices with high figures of merit.     

Heat transfer at evaporation of falling films of Freon mixture on the smooth and structured surfaces

The paper presents the results of experimental investigation of heat transfer and hydrodynamics of falling films of binary mixtures of R21 and R114 freons on the surfaces with complex configuration. The vertical tubes of 50-mm diameter with the smooth and structured surfaces, made of D16T alloy, were used as the working sections. The range of film Reynolds number at the inlet to the working section was Re =10÷155. The image of wave surface of the falling liquid film was visualized and recorded by a high-speed digital video camera. At evaporation the heat transfer coefficients on the smooth and structured surfaces are determined by the liquid flow rate and weakly depend on the heat flux. At low liquid flows, the heat transfer coefficients on the structured surface decrease in comparison with the smooth surface because of liquid accumulation and enlargement of efficient thickness in microtexture channels. At high liquid flows, a change in the structure of the wave film surface leads to an increase in heat transfer coefficients in comparison with the smooth surface.