应用圆二色光谱研究电场对超氧化物歧化酶二级结构的影响

超氧化物歧化酶经不同强度的电场作用,采用圆二色光谱研究了不同强度的电场对超氧化物歧化酶二级结构的影响.结果表明：在1.0 kV/cm～6.0 kV/cm范围, 不同强度的电场对超氧化物歧化酶的α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角及无规卷曲相对含量的影响程度不同.与对照组相比,处理组的β-折叠和β-转角含量降低,降幅范围分别为2.5%～15.1和0.9%～3.5%；α-螺旋和无规卷曲含量增加,增幅范围分别为3.1%～18.8%和1.0%～8.9%.电场作用具有使超氧化物歧化酶的二级结构中β-折叠、β-转角向α-螺旋及无规卷曲转化的趋势.     

油脂微胶囊壁材乳清蛋白与阿拉伯胶相互作用研究

利用傅里叶红外光谱法和计算机辅助分析法研究壁材乳清蛋白和阿拉伯胶在油脂微胶囊形成过程中的相互作用。结果表明,经高压均质和喷雾干燥后,乳清蛋白的酰胺A带向高波数方向移动,这可能是由于乳清蛋白和阿拉伯胶发生了共价交联,而酰胺Ⅰ带向高波数移动了6.1 cm-1则是由于蛋白质分子内的氢键作用力减弱所致。对酰胺Ⅰ带图谱进行高斯拟合后发现,乳清蛋白质二级结构中α-螺旋的含量由19.55%下降至17.50%,β-折叠的含量由30.59%下降至25.63%,共减少了7个百分点。这表明蛋白质分子内的氢键作用力减弱,致使蛋白质分子的刚性结构减弱,韧性结构增强,使蛋白质分子表现出一定的柔性。SDS-PAGE电泳研究结果表明,乳清蛋白-阿拉伯胶复合物中产生分子量较大的共价产物。喷雾干燥过程中乳清蛋白与阿拉伯胶发生了共价交联,使得复合物的乳化活性得到提高。用环境扫描电镜观测不同壁材制备的油脂微胶囊的表面结构,发现乳清蛋白-阿拉伯胶复合物为壁材制备的油脂微胶囊具有良好的韧性,微孔少,结构致密。     

应用圆二色光谱研究电场对脂肪酶二级结构的影响

脂肪酶被不同强度的电场处理5 min,用圆二色光谱(circular dichroism, CD)研究电场对脂肪酶(Lipase)二级结构的影响。研究结果表明：在0.5～6.0 kV·cm-1范围内,不同强度的电场对脂肪酶的α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角及无规卷曲相对含量的影响程度不同。随场强的增加,各二级结构单元含量呈非单调变化。电场作用可使脂肪酶二级结构中α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角及无规卷曲发生转化。总体上,电场使脂肪酶的二级结构由α-螺旋、β-折叠向转角及无规卷曲转化。α-螺旋含量和β-折叠的含量降低幅度分别为4.6%～48.0%和13.2%～35.1%,β-转角含量与无规卷曲含量增加幅度分别为2.8%～33.3%和0.9%～48.1%。文章结果对研究电场处理植物种子的宏观生物效应作用机理提供了重要理论依据。     

应用圆二色光谱研究电场对辣根过氧化物酶二级结构的影响

辣根过氧化物酶(ＨＲＰ)经不同强度的电场处理,用圆二色光谱研究了电场对辣根过氧化物酶二级结构的影响。结果表明：在1.0～6.0 kV·cm-1范围, 不同强度的电场对辣根过氧化物酶的α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角及无规卷曲相对含量的影响程度不同。与对照组相比,处理组的α-螺旋、β-转角和无规卷曲含量降低,降幅范围分别为0.3%～11.4%,1.7%～15.3%和0.9%～20.4%;β-折叠含量增加,增幅范围为0.9%～82.7%。电场作用具有使辣根过氧化物酶的二级结构中α-螺旋、β-转角和无规卷曲向β-折叠转化的趋势。研究结果对解释电场处理种子生物效应具有重要意义。     

S-构型转化对卵白蛋白微观结构的影响

采用圆二色谱(CD)、X射线衍射(XRD)、ANS荧光探针和紫外光谱(UV)研究了S-构型转化对卵白蛋白微观结构的影响.结果显示,不同诱导时间处理的卵白蛋白二级结构的α-螺旋,β-折叠,β-转角和无规卷曲之间相互转化,α-螺旋略有减少,β-折叠相应增加,分子有序性提高;S-构型转化后卵白蛋白晶体结构增加,72 h处理后...     

岩藻多糖酶的FTIR光谱研究

通过海洋真菌LD8固态发酵获得岩藻多糖的粗蛋白,并进一步采用柠檬酸缓冲液浸提、丙酮沉淀和葡聚糖凝胶G-100层析,分离纯化至单一组分;利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)及曲线拟合等技术研究了岩藻多糖酶的二级结构组成,增强因子为2.2,半峰宽为20.2 cm-1;为提高分析测定的准确性,对酰胺Ⅰ带与酰胺Ⅲ带分别进行拟合归属。结果表明：根据酰胺Ⅰ带所获得的二级结构,α-螺旋占11.5%,β-折叠为58.6%,无规卷曲14.5%,β-转角15.9%;酰胺Ⅲ带所得二级结构,α-螺旋含12%,β-折叠含57.3%,无规卷曲含14.5%,β-转角含16.3%。因此可见,酰胺Ⅰ带与酰胺Ⅲ带所对二级结构的分析是十分吻合的。在室温下,岩藻多糖酶的二级结构以β-折叠的含量占优势,约占58%,β-转角和无规卷曲次之,各占15%左右,α-螺旋含量较低,仅占12%。     

应用FTIR研究超声对牛血清白蛋白二级结构的影响

应用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)结合荧光光谱研究了牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在超声作用下的结构变化。荧光光谱表明,超声作用使BSA溶液荧光光谱最大发射峰发生了蓝移,表明超声改变了BSA中色氨酸(Trp)残基环境;荧光强度的降低表明超声改变了蛋白质分子的构象,具有荧光猝灭效应。采用对BSA红外光谱酰胺Ⅰ带进行曲线拟合的方法,定量分析了不同超声功率、时间对BSA二级结构的影响,发现超声作用对BSA中的α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角及无规卷曲的相对含量有不同程度的影响;超声作用具有使BSA的二级结构由α-螺旋向β-折叠、β-转角转化的趋势,而无规则卷曲含量则基本不受超声影响而保持相对稳定。     

傅里叶显微红外研究C-末端酸性蛋白对α-硫素原核表达过程的影响

采用傅里叶变换显微红外手段研究了在信号肽缺失的情况下,C-末端酸性蛋白的存在对小麦α-硫素原核表达过程中蛋白质二级结构的影响.SDS-PAGE表明带有酸性蛋白(Sc样品)的重组质粒在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中以包涵体形式高效表达;而酸性蛋白缺失(S样品)可以极大提高外源蛋白的可溶性.通过对含有S及Sc的全细胞在诱导前及诱导后2 h的酰胺Ⅰ带区域图谱求筹谱及二阶导数谱,发现诱导前在1 630cm~1处吸收较弱,而在诱导2 h左右,在1 630 cm~(-1)处检测到明显的吸收峰,该位置的吸收主要来自于聚集体的贡献.进一步对酰胺Ⅰ带区域进行傅里叶去卷积处理,结合高斯曲线拟合,发现在Sc样品中随着诱导时间的增加,聚集体含量逐渐增加,这与SDS-PAGE结果一致.此外,伴随着聚集体的形成,α-螺旋的含量逐渐增加;而β-折叠和无规卷曲的含量却逐渐减少.在S样品中观察到无规卷曲的含量随诱导时间的增加逐渐提高,而β-转角及(1 629±1)cm~(-1)处对应的β-折叠的含量却逐渐减少.上述现象表明:C-末端酸性蛋白的引入导致表达过程中β-折叠和无规卷曲逐渐向聚集体和α-螺旋转化.     

圆二色光谱、红外光谱法解析羊乳和牛乳β-酪蛋白结构及性质差异

羊乳β-酪蛋白比牛乳β-酪蛋白更容易被婴幼儿消化吸收,主要原因是二者结构的不同。目前对牛乳β-酪蛋白结构的研究较多,但对羊乳β-酪蛋白的结构以及羊乳和牛乳β-酪蛋白结构差异的研究还鲜有报道。蛋白质二级结构的信息可由光谱获得,其中圆二色光谱是利用蛋白质分子中具有光学活性的生色基团对左、右平面圆偏振光吸收不同,对蛋白质结构进行表征的方法,可以测定溶液状态下的蛋白质样品,使蛋白质构象更接近其生理状态,而且具有快速简便,对构象变化灵敏等优点;红外光谱则是利用蛋白质分子在振动过程中不同化学键或官能团对红外光吸收频率不同,对蛋白质结构进行表征的方法,可以测定固体状态下的蛋白质样品,具有扫描速度快、分辨率高、可测波长范围广、不易受蛋白质样品的分子大小和外界条件影响等优点。圆二色光谱和红外光谱已被广泛应用于蛋白质构象的研究中,但是结合使用这两种方法分析β-酪蛋白结构的研究还鲜有报道。因此,该研究采用圆二色光谱和红外光谱比较羊乳和牛乳β-酪蛋白的结构特点,并利用分光光度法对二者的巯基含量及溶解性进行了分析,从功能性质方面的不同对两种蛋白结构的差异进行更好的说明。圆二色光谱测得羊乳和牛乳β-酪蛋白二级结构中主要以无规卷曲为主,但羊乳β-酪蛋白的无规卷曲含量(50.2%±0.16%)显著高于牛乳β-酪蛋白(43.8%±0.14%),其有序结构中α-螺旋含量(2.7%±0.21%)、β-折叠含量(15.3%±0.08%)显著低于牛乳β-酪蛋白(4.3%±0.13%, 19.5%±0.12%),β-转角含量分别为31.8%±0.11%和32.4%±0.09%,差异不显著;红外光谱测得羊乳β-酪蛋白二级结构中α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角含量分别比牛乳β-酪蛋白低18%～20%, 9%～10%, 0.6%～1%,无规卷曲含量比牛乳β-酪蛋白高17%～19%。对两种蛋白功能性质的研究表明,羊乳β-酪蛋白与牛乳β-酪蛋白表面巯基含量基本一致19～20μmol·g~(-1),但羊乳β-酪蛋白总巯基含量[(28.35±0.13)μmol·g~(-1)]显著低于牛乳β-酪蛋白[(46.72±0.21)μmol·g~(-1)];羊乳β-酪蛋白与牛乳β-酪蛋白的等电点较为接近(pH为4～5),且在等电点附近前者的溶解性低于后者,而远离等电点时前者溶解性则高于后者。研究结果说明与牛乳β-酪蛋白相比,羊乳β-酪蛋白分子的无序性和柔韧性更高,胶束内部结构更加的柔软疏松。     

羟基磷灰石结晶对牛血清白蛋白二级结构影响的光谱研究

通过圆二色谱(CD)及傅里叶变换红外光谱及退卷积、曲线拟合等技术研究了羟基磷灰石结晶对牛血清白蛋白二级结构的影响。CD谱结果表明,在纯的牛血清白蛋白中,α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角及无规则卷曲等4种结构的含量分别为56.8%, 5.8%, 14.1%, 23.9%;而在羟基磷灰石/牛血清白蛋白溶液中,4种结构的含量分别为25.4%, 25.0%, 20.0%和29.7%, 红外光谱结果与其一致。由此可以看出, 晶体的形成使牛血清白蛋白的α-螺旋结构含量减少,β-折叠结构含量增多,且随着反应时间的进行α-螺旋结构减少越来越明显,β-折叠结构增加越来越多,表明在溶液中部分α-螺旋结构转变为β-折叠结构。文章对这种变化的本质进行了初步探讨。     

使用圆二色性光谱和红外光谱研究冬小麦麸皮抗冻蛋白的二级结构

使用圆二色性光谱和红外光谱技术对冬小麦麸皮抗冻蛋白的二级结构进行了研究。由于冬小麦麸皮抗冻蛋白在酰胺Ⅰ带和Ⅲ带位置中,各个特征峰相互叠加,因此采用Gausse峰型对圆头峰进行拟合、解析,判断其α-helix,β-sheet,β-turn和Random coil的相对含量;同时对圆二色性光谱获得的结构信息,采用按照Chen-Yang原理和最小二乘法编写的程序计算了冬小麦麸皮抗冻蛋白的二级结构。最后,讨论了两种检测方法结果差异的原因,为冬小麦麸皮抗冻蛋白抗冻机理的研究奠定基础。     

pH响应的包覆超顺磁性纳米颗粒的γ-聚谷氨酸二级结构研究

用傅里叶红外光谱法(FTIR)定量研究了pH对包覆超顺磁性纳米颗粒的γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)二级结构变化的影响。结合傅里叶去卷积技术和二阶导数法对原始谱带(酰胺Ⅰ带)进行高斯拟合,计算了二级结构的相对百分含量。红外结果显示:pH变化影响γ-PGA的二级结构。γ-聚谷氨酸磁性纳米微球中γ-PGA的β-折叠和β-转角的总含量很大,达65％以上,而α-螺旋和无规卷曲的含量则比较少。随着pH值的增大,β-折叠的含量逐渐减少相反β-转角的含量逐渐增大。γ-PGA二级结构变化与γ-聚谷氨酸磁性纳米微球在水溶液的稳定性有关。考察了γ-聚谷氨酸纳米微球的zeta电位随pH的变化。结果表明,pH为10.2时zeta电位出现极小值,其绝对值最大,颗粒稳定性最好。     

pH对中国人乳β-酪蛋白二级结构的圆二色和拉曼特征影响

人乳中β-酪蛋白为婴儿的快速生长提供了最适宜的氨基酸、钙磷等。以往的研究均是对牛乳的β-酪蛋白二级结构进行分析,而牛乳β-酪蛋白对婴儿配方乳的指导意义不如人乳β-酪蛋白,且人乳β-酪蛋白难以获得合适的蛋白晶体,其三级结构不清楚。为了获得中国人乳β-酪蛋白二级结构的相关基础信息,采用圆二色光谱(CD)法和拉曼光谱(Raman)法分析在不同pH条件下其二级结构的变化,结果表明：pH值的改变能够诱导中国人乳β-酪蛋白二级结构的改变,CD分析表明β-酪蛋白各部分的二级结构分别是：0.5%~2% α-螺旋,16%~18% β-折叠,30%~34% β-转角,49%~51% 无规则卷曲;随着pH的增加,部分结构发生了变化,α-螺旋在pH 8处含量增加,而在pH 10处含量减小。拉曼光谱分析表明：β-酪蛋白在酰胺I的特征峰在1 662 cm-1处,分析出β-酪蛋白的无规则卷曲含量较高。同时,根据I₈₅₀/I₈₃₀的比值计算出β-酪蛋白的酪氨酸残基趋向于“暴露式”。圆二色光谱和拉曼光谱都证明了人乳β-酪蛋白二级结构中无规则卷曲的含量最高,而β-折叠和β-转角含量保持相对的稳定。并且,在pH 8条件下,α-螺旋含量高于在其他pH条件下的含量。     

Ultrasonic treatment on physicochemical properties of water-soluble protein from Moringa oleifera seed

Effect of ultrasonic power on the structure and functional properties of water-soluble protein extracted from defatted Moringa oleifera seed were explored. The results showed that ultrasonic treatment could reduce β-sheet and β-turn content of water-soluble protein from Moringa oleifera seed (MOWP) and increase the content of random coil and α-helix. Changes in intrinsic fluorescence spectra, surface hydrophobicity (H₀) and thermal behaviors indicated that ultrasonic had significant effect on the tertiary structure of MOWP. The results of SEM and SDS-PAGE showed that the MOWP was aggregated but not significantly degraded by ultrasound. The solubility, foaming properties and emulsifying properties of MOWP increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of ultrasonic power. Ultrasonic treatment altered the functional properties of MOWP, which might be attributed to the exposure of hydrophilic group and the change of and secondary and tertiary structure.     

Formation of soybean protein isolate-hawthorn flavonoids non-covalent complexes: Linking the physicochemical properties and emulsifying properties

In recent years, more and more attention had been paid to the combination of proteins and flavonoids, and several flavonoids had been reported to improve the physicochemical and emulsifying properties of proteins. This study investigated the effects of ultrasonic treatment (450 W for 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min) on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and emulsifying properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) -hawthorn flavonoids (HF) non-covalent complexes. The results showed that the addition of HF to SPI and 20 min of ultrasound could reduce α-helix and random coil, increase β-sheet and β-turn, and enhance fluorescence quenching. In addition, it decreased the particle size, zeta potential, surface hydrophobicity, and turbidity to 88.43 or 95.27 nm, −28.80 mV, 1250.42, and 0.23, respectively. The protein solubility, free sulfhydryl group, antioxidant activity, emulsifying activity index, and emulsifying stability index all increased to 73.93%, 15.07 μmol/g, 71.00 or 41.91%, 9.81 m²/g, and 67.71%, respectively. Moreover, high-density small and low-flocculation droplets were formed. Therefore, the combined ultrasound treatment and addition of HF to SPI is a more effective method for protein modification compared to ultrasound treatment alone. It provides a theoretical basis for protein processing and application in the future.     

Effect of dual-frequency ultrasound on the formation of lysinoalanine and structural characterization of rice dreg protein isolates

The effect of dual-frequency ultrasound treatment with different working modes on the lysinoalanine (LAL) formation and structural characterization of rice dreg protein isolates (RDPI) was studied during alkaline exaction processing. Ultrasonic notably decreased the LAL amount of RDPI and enhanced the protein dissolution rate. The LAL content of RDPI, especially sequential dual frequency 20/40 kHz, decreased by 12.02% (P < 0.05), compared to non-sonicated samples. Herein, the protein dissolution rate was higher. The changes in sulfhydryl groups was positively correlated with the LAL formation. The amino acids (AA) such as threonine (Thr), lysine (Lys), and arginine (Arg) were reduced, resulting in a decrease in LAL content following sonication. Besides, ultrasonication altered protein secondary structure by reducing random coil and β-sheet contents, while α-helix and β-turn contents increased. Alterations in the surface hydrophobicity, particle size, particle size distribution, and microstructure indicated more irregular fragment with microparticles of RDPI by sonochemical treatment. Thus, ultrasound treatment may be a new and efficacious process for controlling the LAL generation in prepared-protein food(s) during alkali extraction.     

Study of the interaction of gemini surfactant NAE12-4-12 with bovine serum albumin

The interaction of 1,4-bis(3-(dodecyloxylacyl)pyridinium)butane dibromide (designated as NAE12-4-12) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by UV–vis absorption, FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopies. The results showed that NAE12-4-12 had strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA and caused the emission peak blueshift through a static quenching process. The binding constant of NAE12-4-12 with BSA decreased with increasing temperature. The binding process was exothermic, spontaneous and enthalpy driven. The distance between BSA and NAE12-4-12 decreased with incremental concentration of NAE12-4-12. Furthermore, FTIR spectra of BSA–NAE12-4-12 reflected that the secondary structure of BSA changed in the presence of NAE12-4-12, and the curve fitting of IR spectra revealed that the content of α-helix decreased while those of β-sheet, β-turn and random coil rose.     

FTIR光学信息研究PLD蛋白分子冻干胁迫下的二级结构变化

通过FTIR光学信息研究液态和固态磷脂酶D的二级结构,结果表明FTIR光学信息是一种有效的蛋白质分子二级结构研究方法。FTIR的光学信息分析表明冻干胁迫下,磷脂酶D的FTIR光学信息及二级结构发生较大变化。在磷脂酶D活性构象时的pH冻干使磷脂酶Dα螺旋大大下降,无规卷曲大大上升,β折叠几乎没有变化,说明PLD蛋白质分子空间有序构象解体严重。功能性试验表明,磷脂酶D二级结构的变化直接导致了其活性发生很大变化。     

Effects of sonication on the in vitro digestibility and structural properties of buckwheat protein isolates

The present work investigated the effects of sonication at different amplitudes and durations on the in vitro digestibility of buckwheat protein isolates (BPIs). The conformation, particle size and microstructures of the BPIs were also studied to explicate the possible mechanisms of the sonication-induced changes. The results showed that sonication conditions of 20 kHz, pulsed on-time 10 s, off-time 5 s, amplitude of 60% and duration of 10 min (SA6T10) improved the digestibility of BPIs from 41.4% (control) to 58.2%. The tertiary structure analysis showed that sonication exposed the hydrophobic core buried inside the protein molecules and broke the intramolecular crosslinks, based on the increase in the surface hydrophobicity and intrinsic fluorescence and the decrease in the disulphide content. The secondary structure analysis showed that SA6T10 decreased the content of β-turn and β-sheet by 40.9% and 22.4%, respectively, and increased the content of anti-parallel β-sheet, random coil, and α-helix by 40.9%, 30.6%, and 25.5%, respectively. The particle size of the control BPIs (427.7 ± 76.7 nm) increased to 2130.8 ± 356.2 nm in the SA6T10 sonicated sample with a corresponding decrease in the polydispersity index from 0.97 ± 0.04 to 0.51 ± 0.13. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy indicated that sonication broke the macroparticles into smaller fragments and changed the surface state of the proteins. Taken together, sonication has proven to be a promising approach for improving the digestibility of buckwheat proteins, which can be explored as a source of plant-based alternative protein for food applications.