特殊钢中稀土变质夹杂物行为研究

通过加入稀土金属(Ce),研究不同稀土含量对变质夹杂物的影响。发现在洁净度较高的A l脱氧特殊钢中稀土能够使氧化铝、硫化锰夹杂变质并能形成硬度较低的铝酸稀土夹杂物。研究结果表明:当稀土含量Ce15 ppm时,钢中没有稀土夹杂物;当15 ppm≤Ce≤140 ppm时,能够生成稀土铝氧化物和稀土硫氧化物夹杂物;当Ce140 ppm时,夹杂物进一步转变为稀土铝氧化物和稀土氧硫化物的复合夹杂物,并有部分稀土氧硫化物和稀土硫化物,夹杂物的尺寸也随着增大。热力学分析计算表明:在[O],[S]含量较低的前提下,Ce变质A l2O3所需的条件是aCe.aA-l1=0.145,当[A l%]=0.01~0.03时,对应溶解的稀土含量[Ce]=22~67 ppm。     

HP295钢中含铈夹杂物形成的实验及热力学研究

采用LaCrO3高温管式炉重熔HP295钢,向钢液中加入不同量的Ce进行脱氧,用SEM及EDS对钢中含Ce夹杂物进行分析,并对Ce-Al-O-S系进行热力学计算。实验结果显示,含Ce夹杂物主要为不规则的Ce2O3和近球形的Ce2O2S,大部分夹杂物尺寸小于5μm。热力学计算表明,含Ce夹杂物的形成主要受钢液中[O],[S]及[Al]S含量的影响,本实验条件下主要形成Ce2O3和Ce2O2S夹杂物;当钢液中Ce与Al的活度比≥0.08时,Al2O3可转变为CeAlO3夹杂物。     

铝热还原法制备铝-稀土中间合金的研究

以混合稀土碳酸盐为原料,Al为还原剂,还原时间为2 h,在温度范围为1000～1200℃的冰晶石熔体中,分别制备了RE含量为2.11%～9.75%(质量分数)的Al-RE中间合金.研究发现,Al-RE合金中的RE含量与温度的关系可近似用公式y=-0.74673-0.02813X 3.07273×10-5X2描述;合金中存在着La,Ce,Pr,Nd和Pm等稀土元素.分析了还原温度对合金中稀土含量的影响,分析了[RE2O3]的活度、[Al2O3]的活度、Al-RE合金中的[RE]的活度及[Al]的活度对反应的影响;讨论了Al-RE中间合金形成的热力学及动力学条件,对Al-RE中间合金的形成机制进行了探讨.     

稀土-铁催化剂催化还原烟气中SO2制硫磺

以煤气为还原气,以Fe为主活性金属,稀土为助剂催化还原冶炼烟气中SO2制取硫磺,研究了不同稀土、不同稀土含量及不同催化剂制备方式对稀土-过渡金属催化剂催化还原SO2制硫磺活性的影响,并考察了其反应机制.结果表明:不同稀土对Fe/Al2O3催化剂有不同的改性作用,Sm和Dy的加人大大提高了催化剂的活性,在360 ℃时,smFe/Al2O3的硫产率增大到86.62%,比同温度下Fe/Al2O3的提高了40.5%;在400℃时,DyFe/Al2O3的硫产率增大到91.62%.比同温度下Fe/Al2O3的提高了26.4%;REFe/Al2O3催化剂的活性与稀土含量有一定的关系,对SmFe/Al2O3催化剂,稀土Sm的最佳含量为1.0%;不同方式制备的稀土催化剂活性不同,对硫产率来说其大小顺序为:钐铁溶液混浸>先浸钐后浸铁>先浸铁后浸钐;煤气还原SO2的反应机制为中间产物机制.     

RE(Hsal)2·(tch)·2H2O配合物与大肠杆菌作用的热动力学研究

用TAMair微量热仪测定了新合成的稀土水杨酸硫代脯氨酸配合物RE(Hsal)2·(tch)·2H2O(RE=La,Sm;Hsal=C7H5O3;tch=C4H6NO2S)在37.00℃时对大肠杆菌作用的产热曲线;根据产热曲线计算了在稀土水杨酸硫代脯氨酸配合物作用下,大肠杆菌生长代谢的最大发热功率Pmax、速率常数k、传代时间tG、抑制率I和半抑制浓度cI,50等热动力学参数.结果表明:稀土水杨酸硫代脯氨酸配合物在低浓度下对大肠杆菌有刺激作用,高浓度下为抑制作用,即稀土配合物对微生物的生长具有双向生物效应,也称为Hormesis效应.配合物Sm(Hsal)2·(tch)·2H2O(cI,50=1.62mg·L-1)的抑制效果优于La(Hsal)2·(tch)·2H2O(cI,50=7.60mg·L-1).     

HCl-AlCl_3溶液络合浸出稀土氧化物和氟化钙的研究

CaO-NaCl-CaCl2焙烧包头混合型稀土精矿的产物经脱磷处理后,矿物中的物相主要为稀土氧化物和氟化钙。以较低浓度AlCl3作为助浸剂用HCl溶液浸出矿物,利用低浓度的Al3+与氟形成氟铝配合物,有效地帮助难溶物相氟化钙浸出,同时避免浸出过程中氟离子与稀土形成氟化稀土沉淀而造成损失。结果表明:盐酸浓度为3 mol.L-1,Al3+浓度为0.25 mol.L-1,温度为60℃,液固比为10∶1,浸出时间为60min,搅拌速度为200 r.min-1时,稀土氧化物的浸出率为70.8%,氟化钙的浸出率为55.8%。五级逆流浸出后,RE2O3的浸出率为99.6%,CaF2的浸出率达到98.5%。     

稀土对HRB500E抗震钢筋夹杂物及冲击韧性的影响

工业化试验冶炼不同稀土含量的HRB500E抗震钢筋,采用光学显微镜(OM),扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)等手段研究稀土对HRB500E抗震钢筋夹杂物、显微组织和力学性能的影响,并探究稀土对夹杂物变质和低温冲击韧性的作用机制。结果表明:添加0.0066%稀土可以有效降低钢中的S含量,钢中单独的长条状的MnS和大尺寸不规则形状的Al-Mn-O夹杂物消失,变质为小尺寸球状的REAlO_3-MnS的复合夹杂物。抗震钢筋的显微组织细化,在保证拉伸性能的基础上,低温冲击韧性显著提升,-40℃冲击功由7.55 J提升至10.7 J,-60℃冲击功由5.60 J升至8.00 J,分别提高41.72%, 42.86%。     

铈对16Mn钢中夹杂物和组织的影响

在高温钼丝炉内向16Mn钢中加入不同含量的铈进行脱氧,分析了钢中夹杂物和组织的变化,并探讨了含铈夹杂物诱发晶内铁素体形核的机制.结果表明:随钢中铈含量的增加,夹杂物依次转变为CeAlO3,Ce2O2S和Ce2S3.经铈处理后,钢液在1873 K时保温300 s,夹杂物最为细小弥散.钢中晶内铁素体随铈含量的增加而增加,但最佳的铈含量约为0.032%(质量分数).钢中Ce2O2S和Ce2S3夹杂与α-Fe相之间的错配度分别只有1.2%和0.5%,均可作为IGF非常有效的形核核心,促进其形成.     

N,N′,N″-三(2-羟基-1-萘酚醛)胺稀土配合物的合成及其荧光性能的初探

预先制备了N,N′,N″-三(2-羟基-1-萘酚醛)胺作为配体(L),然后向含配体L的乙醇-二氯甲烷溶液中加入含稀土硝酸盐晶体RE(NO3)3.6 H2O(RE=La3+,Sm3+,Y3+,Tb3+,Ce3+,Eu3+)的乙醇溶液,合成稀土配合物。利用核磁共振法、元素分析法、摩尔电导法、红外光谱法及差热-热重法对稀土配合物的结构进行表征。结果表明:稀土配合物的结构为RE(NO3)3.L.4 H2O。采用荧光技术对稀土配合物的性能进行了研究,结果表明:在pH值约为7的介质中,以二甲亚砜(DMSO)为溶剂,稀土配合物浓度为1.0×10-4mol.L-1时,铽(Ⅲ)配合物有较强的特征荧光发射,铕(Ⅲ)配合物只表现了微弱的特征荧光发射,其他稀土配合物没有特征荧光发射。     

模板法合成稀土大环配合物

用模板法合成了一系列稀土大环配合物,通过元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱、核磁共振谱、热重.热差和紫外吸收光谱对其进行了结构表征.结果表明,稀土大环配合物的结构为:[REL(NO3)3]·nH2O(RE=Pr,Dy,Nd,n=3;RE=Sm,Eu,La,n=4;L=2,3:10,11-dibenzo-4,9-tetraoxo-13,15-bis[diene-2(4-hydfoxy-3-methoxypheny)]-1,5,8,12.tetraazacyclomdeca-1,12.dione),配合物的产率约为80%.在DMF溶液中配合物为非电解质.配合物中3个硝酸根均以双齿配位的方式与稀土配位,稀土配位数为10,并且含有3～4个结晶水分子.同时研究了配合物在室温下的荧光性质,结果表明配合物表现出相应自由配体的特征发射荧光.     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Synthesis of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Glycofuranosides and Their Biochemical and Biological Activities in Cell-Free and Cellular Assays

Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HOT) and their glycosides are promising candidates for applications in functional food products or in complementary therapy. A series of phenylethanoid glycofuranosides (PEGFs) were synthesized to compare some of their biochemical and biological activities with T and HOT. The optimization of glycosylation promoted by environmentally benign basic zinc carbonate was performed to prepare HOT α-L-arabino-, β-D-apio-, and β-D-ribofuranosides. T and HOT β-D-fructofuranosides, prepared by enzymatic transfructosylation of T and HOT, were also included in the comparative study. The antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective potential of T, HOT, and PEGFs on plasmid DNA were determined using cell-free assays. The DNA-damaging potential of the studied compounds for human hepatoma HepG2 cells and their DNA-protective potential on HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide were evaluated using the comet assay. Experiments revealed a spectrum of different activities of the studied compounds. HOT and HOT β-D-fructofuranoside appear to be the best-performing scavengers and protectants of plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells. T and T β-D-fructofuranoside display almost zero or low scavenging/antioxidant activity and protective effects on plasmid DNA or HepG2 cells. The results imply that especially HOT β-D-fructofuranoside and β-D-apiofuranoside could be considered as prospective molecules for the subsequent design of supplements with potential in food and health protection.