高钒试样中钙镁的快速连续测定

高钒试样中钙的测定是在一定酸度条件下 ,在氯化铵存在下用草酸铵沉淀钙而与钒分离 ,然后用硫酸溶解 ,再用高锰酸钾标准溶液滴定 [1] 或将草酸钙灼烧为氧化钙后用 EDTA络合滴定 [2 ]。这些方法分析流程长 ,操作复杂 ,并且对高含量镁的测定均没有详细报道。本文提出了一种简便、快速测定高钒试样中高含量钙和镁的方法。在弱酸性时 ,以铝为载体 ,用铅盐分离钒酸根 ,六次甲基四胺 -铜试剂沉淀过量的 Pb( )、Al( )和干扰离子 ,于过滤后的同杯溶液中用 EDTA溶液滴定钙 ,用 Cy DTA溶液滴定镁。本文已用于大批量高钒试样中高含量钙和镁的测定…     

高钒试样中钙美的快速连续测定

高钒试样中钙的测定是在一定酸度条件下,在氯化铵存在下用草酸铵沉淀钙而与钒分离,然后用硫酸溶解,再用高锰酸钾标准溶液滴定[1]或将草酸钙灼烧为氧化钙后用EDTA络合滴定[2].这些方法分析流程长,操作复杂,并且对高含量镁的测定均没有详细报道.本文提出了一种简便、快速测定高钒试样中高含量钙和镁的方法.     

EDTA滴定法快速连续测定锌镉

由于锌和镉的化学性质相似 ,同时存在于样品中时 ,给测定带来一定的困难 ,一般采用分离镉 [1]或者测定合量扣除镉的方法测定锌 ,镉的测定有分离锌后滴定 ,返滴定[2 ] 和置换滴定[3 ] 等多种方法。本文采用氨分离使大多数的金属离子与锌、镉分离 ,滤液中的 Cu2 用抗坏血酸和硫脲、Al3 用氟化钠掩蔽。测定时选择不同 p H值的六次甲基四胺缓冲溶液 ,使 EDTA络合能力满足测定要求 ,在 p H≈ 5.5,以二甲酚橙为指示剂 ,用 EDTA滴定锌和镉合量 ,补加盐酸 (1 0 90 )使 p H值降为 4.6,3g碘化钾能完全释放与镉络合的 EDTA,以二甲酚橙为指示剂…     

混合指示剂连续络合滴定铜和镉的测定研究

以选择性释放法研究了1-（2-吡啶偶氮）-2-萘酚-6-磺酸（PAN-6S）和亚甲蓝混合指示剂连续络合滴定测定镉和铜。用优选法对测定条件进行了选择,在pH5．4的六次甲基四胺-盐酸介质中,以PAN-6S和亚甲蓝为混合指示剂,以EDTA为滴定剂连续滴定镉和铜,滴定终点变化敏锐,准确度高。方法可用于合金和废水的测定。     

沉淀分离-EDTA滴定法测定铜闪速冶炼烟尘中的锌量

称取0.5 g试样,用盐酸、硝酸、硫酸分解,铅以硫酸铅沉淀的形式分离。以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,氨性溶液中沉淀分离铁、锰等共存元素,加氟化物掩蔽铝、硫脲掩蔽铜,调节溶液pH=5.0~6.0,加入碘化钾消除镉的干扰,以二甲酚橙为指示剂,用EDTA标准溶液滴定。将沉淀物重新溶解,用原子吸收光谱法测定其中的锌量。在0.2%~10.0%范围内结果重现性良好,重复测定7次,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.32%~0.76%,样品加标回收率为99.4%~100%。方法的准确度和精密度可以满足分析需求。     

EDTA滴定法测定稀土镁硅铁中氧化镁

本文用EDTA络合滴定法测定稀土镁硅铁中氧化镁含量。试样经重铬酸钾溶解、浸取、分离，在pH10时，以铬黑T为指示剂，EDTA标准溶液定量对钙、镁合量铬合滴定。在pH≥12时，以钙试剂为指示剂，EDTA标液定量滴定钙量，同时做空白试剂试验，用差减法计算氧化镁量。方法特点，不必挥铬，EDTA滴定，终点明确，结果的精密度好，相对标准偏差在1．52％以内，     

间接碘量法测定高铁酸钾

提出了间接碘量法测定高铁酸钾样品中常量、高含量高铁酸钾的方法。用碱性碘化钾溶液(pH 11～12)溶解高铁酸钾试样,调节溶液的pH值为1,反应40min后,以硫代硫酸钠标准溶液作为滴定剂进行滴定。方法用于高铁酸钾样品的分析,测定结果与亚铬酸盐法测定值相符。     

示波计时电位滴定法测定铈

EDTA络合滴定法测定铈都是以滴定三价铈的形式进行的.由于四价铈具有较强的氧化性且本身具有颜色,使络合滴定指示的终点受到影响.因此,通常用还原剂将其还原为三价铈再进行滴定.由于EDTA与三价铈的络合稳定性比其与四价铈的小,必须在较低酸度下滴定.因此,干扰离子多,测定麻烦.示波滴定法以示波曲线切口的变化指示终点,不受溶液颜色的影响,因而使EDTA直接滴定四价铈成为可能.对于三价铈,用(NH_4)_2S_2O_8将其氧化为四价予以测定.实验表明,本法滴定终点指示清晰,测定结果满意.     

单扫示波极谱滴定钼

提出了直流示波极谱滴定高含量钼的新方法，在ｐＨ为４．５￣５．５的乙酸－乙酸铵缓冲溶液中，以Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）为滴定剂滴定钼酸根离子，用ＪＰ－１Ａ型示波极谱仪作检测器，根据滴定过程中铅波的出现来指示终点的到达。方法简便，快速，结果的准确度，精密度均符合容量分析的要求，适于各类高含量钼矿样中的测定。     

铜合金中铝和铁顺序示波滴定

叙述了用示波滴定法连续测定铜合金中铝、铁。试样酸溶后，在pH5．5的HOAc—NH4OAc缓冲介质中，用Zn2 标准溶液顺序示波滴定NH4F置换Al-EDTA和KCl、KF置换Fe-EDTA中的EDTA，间接计算出铝和铁的含量。该方法快速简便，终点直观，准确度、精密度均较高。标准加入回收率在99．0％—l00．4％之间，RSD＜0．5％。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.