酚蓝系列分子非线性光学性质的INDO/CI研究

在AM1和INDA/CI方法的基础上,按完全态求和公式自编了计算二阶非线性光学系数β~ijh的程序,并对酚蓝系列分子,考察了苯环取代基变化及不同原子闭环对二阶光学非线性的影响.苯环上引入推电子基团对增大β有利,引入吸电子基团对增大β不利;闭环形成三环体系对增大β有利.对上述结果所反映的规律性在微观上进行了解释.     

N-取代吩噻嗪衍生物分子的结构和二阶非线性光学性质的理论研究

在ZINDO方法基础上, 按完全态求和(SOS)公式, 编制了计算分子二阶非线性光学系数βijk的程序。研究了各种取代基在吩噻嗪的氮上取代后衍生物的结构和二阶非线性光学系数。结论是N上取代推电子基对增大二阶光学非线性有利, N上取代吸电子基对增大二阶光学非线性不利。扩大共轭范围对增大二阶光学非线性有利。对上述结果在微观上给予了解释。     

取代硅烷系列分子二阶非线性光学性质的ZINDO-SOS研究

在ZINDO方法基础上, 按完全态求和(SOS)公式, 自编了计算分子二阶非线性光学系数βijk的程序, 考察了取代硅烷分子中与硅原子相连的苯环上取代基的变化及链长变化对分子二阶非线性光学的影响, 重点研究了(CH3)3Si基团的性质, 对计算结果所反映的规律性在微观上给予了解释。     

对硝基二苯乙炔系列衍生物的二阶非线性光学性质的理论研究

在ZINDO方法基础上,按完全态求和(SOS)公式编制了计算分子二阶非线性光学系数β_ijk和β_μ的程序,研究了对硝基二苯乙炔系列衍生物的结构和非线性光学性质,考察了分子共轭链长和给电子基团对β_μ的影响.结果表明,对硝基二苯乙炔系列衍生物上连有推电子基团有利于增大二阶光学非线性,扩大共轭范围也有利于增大二阶光学非线性,但对透明性则影响不大.     

二阶非线性光学活性分子——咪唑类衍生物的设计与性质的理论研究

采用B3LYP方法在6-31G*水平上优化了6种F,Cl和Br取代的咪唑类衍生物分子几何构型,在此基础上采用TD-DFT的方法计算了它们的前线轨道能级和电子光谱,并用CPHF方法研究了此类衍生物二阶非线性光学系数性质.计算结果表明:此类化合物具有平面结构,共轭性较强;分子内设计的推拉电子基团增强分子内电荷转移,使前线分子轨道间的电子跃迁更容易;各体系具有较大的vβec和良好的透明性;咪唑环的引入增强了体系的热稳定性.这些结论对分子设计具有一定的指导意义.     

以苯等芳香环桥联的1,3-二硫杂环戊二烯衍生物的NLO性质

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP/6-31G*优化一系列以芳环为桥联基团,1,3-二硫杂环戊二烯为供电子基团,丙二氰为吸电子基团的D-π-A型分子的几何结构,在此基础上对分子的极化率和第一超极化率进行计算.结果分析表明,桥联苯环数的增加,供电子基团(—OCH3)的引入及共轭桥的增长对分子的几何构型影响很小,但能使分子的二阶非线性光学(NLO)系数增加,且分子的最大吸收波长发生红移.甲氧基的引入或共轭桥的增长,分子的前线分子轨道能级差减小,TD-DFT计算表明分子深层占有轨道与空轨道之间的电子跃迁对二阶NLO效应也有较明显贡献.     

吩噻嗪侧环取代衍生物的二阶非线性光学性质的ZINDO-SOS研究

在ZINDO方法基础上,按完全态求和(SOS)公式编制了计算分子二阶非线性光学系数β_ijk、β_μ的程序,研究了各种吩噻嗪侧环取代衍生物的结构和二阶非线性光学性质,结论是侧环上推、拉电子取代基(不太弱)对增大二阶光学非线性都有利,扩大共轭范围也对增大二阶光学非线性有利,并对上述结果在微观上给予了解释。     

偶氮系列分子二阶非线性光学性质的理论研究

在ＡＭ１和ＺＩＮＤＯ方法基础上，按完全态求和公式编制了计算分子二阶非线性光学系数βｉｊｋ的程序，并对偶氮系列分子的二阶非线性光学性质进行系统的理论研究。研究取代基变化时β变化的规律性，并在微观上给予解释，最后设计出非线性光学系数较大的分子。     

新型合偶氮功能团的双炔类衍生物非线性光学性质的理论研究

在SM1和ZINDO方法基础上，按完全态求和公式计算分子二阶非线性光学系数β(ijk)和三阶非线性光学系数γ(ijkl)，并对含偶氛功能团的双快类衍生物的二阶、三阶非线性光学性质进行了系统的理论研究．即在基础上，在分子左端引入推电子基N（CH3）2，右端分别引入推电子基CH2OH、2，5-二氮-4-硫甲苯基，研究取代基变化时β、γ变化的规律．对计算结果所反映的规律性在微观上给予了解释．     

关于二阶非线性光学性质的分子设计研究

在INDO/CI基础上,用完全态求和公式自编程序计算二阶非线性光学系数β_ijk,考察了分子骨架、受电子基团或给电子基团变化对β_x的影响,并设计了最大β_x的化合物、计算结果均与实验值相符。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。