红外光谱法快速测定在用柴油机油中抗磨剂T203的含量

采用红外光谱法建立标准曲线测定在用柴油机油中T203的含量。在基础油中添加抗磨剂配制质量分数在0.15%~1.5%的标准样品,并采集在用油样品若干。扫描光谱,对其进行标准正态变量变换(SNV)和SG平滑预处理,消除基线漂移和高频噪声的干扰。测定1025~960 cm-1特征峰面积,建立其与T203含量的标准曲线y=0.0042x-0.0196,R~2=0.9910。准确度分析证明模型对外界配制样品预测的相对误差在6%之内,并用趋势外推法验证其可靠性,两种方法预测在用油样品的相对误差在4%之内。结果表明:T203质量分数在0.15%~1.5%范围内与红外光谱特征峰面积具有良好的线性关系,标准曲线法可用于测定在用柴油机油中T203含量。     

漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱法测定注射液中的维生素C

采用漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱法测定注射液中维生素C的含量。将稀释后的注射液直接注射到溴化钾基质中,烘干、研磨、过筛。以波数1 702cm~(-1)酯羰基伸缩振动吸收峰作为定量吸收峰,在波数1 685~1 736cm~(-1)范围内以峰面积积分测量吸光度。以维生素C钠为标准物质。维生素C钠的线性范围为0.2%~2.0%,方法的检出限(3s/k)为0.64mg·g~(-1)。方法应用于维生素C注射液的测定,测定值与碘量法的测定结果一致,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)在1.9%~2.5%之间。     

取样量对润滑油中微量水分检测结果的影响

研究取样量对润滑油中微量水分测定结果的影响。基于卡尔·费休滴定法,在选定的测量条件下,用发生电极为有隔膜的自动库仑水分仪对基础油、有机热载体油、压缩机油、膨胀机油等新油和发动机油、汽轮机油、涡轮机油、压缩机油、齿轮油、液压油、导热油、船用油、电器绝缘油、风动工具油、金属加工油等在用油在0.1~2.0 g内各取9组不同质量的样品进行测定,得到了润滑油中微量水分准确测定所需的取样量。实验结果表明,新油取样量大于1.0 g,在用油取样量在1.0~1.5 g范围内,可以准确测定润滑油中微量水分含量。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.83%~3.51%(n=10),样品加标回收率为95.0%~103.0%。在选择的取样量下,该方法具有良好的精密度、准确度,可连续测定多个样品,满足测定需求。     

基于QuEChERS净化/气相色谱法测定蔬菜及水果中16种有机氯农药残留

该文建立了蔬菜及水果中16种有机氯农药残留的QuEChERS净化/气相色谱快速检测方法。样品经1%冰乙酸乙腈处理,QuEChERS净化,气相色谱分离后,以色谱峰保留时间定性,外标法定量。结果表明:16种有机氯农药在2.0~100μg/L质量浓度范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,检出限为0.16~2.90μg/L,在4种基质(油菜、黄瓜、橙子、苹果)中的加标回收率为70.1%~119%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.23%~5.2%。与其它前处理方法相比,该方法简便、快速、准确、高效,可用于蔬菜及水果样品中有机氯残留的高通量快速筛查。     

离子色谱双柱法测定硝酸中痕量氯离子

采用离子色谱双柱串联法分离硝酸样品,以离子色谱电导检测法测定硝酸滤液中的痕量氯离子。氯离子浓度在0.01~0.30 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积成线性关系,对硝酸样品进行测定,氯离子的加标回收率为96.5%~99.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.84%~2.83%(n=5)。     

紫外分光光度法快速测定橡胶油中的芳烃

建立快速分析橡胶油中芳烃含量的紫外分光光度法。在200~420 nm波长范围内橡胶油中的芳烃有吸收峰,经优化试验确定用环己烷稀释橡胶油样品,测定260~420 nm之间的吸收峰面积。芳烃含量在2.56~8.97μg/g范围内与吸收峰面积线性关系良好,线性相关系数为0.999 7,芳烃检出限为0.053μg/g,定量限为0.159μg/g。橡胶油溶液样品6次平行测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.79%,3水平加标平均回收率在85.3%~96.4%之间。用该方法与质谱法对同一橡胶油样品中的芳烃含量进行测定,两种方法测定结果的相对偏差在±5%以内。紫外分光光度法精密度、准确度高,易操作,可以快速分析橡胶油中的芳烃含量。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定砷滤饼中的铼

砷滤饼样品在硝酸-过氧化氢混合液中微波消解,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定样品溶液中铼的含量。185 Re作为测量同位素,以~(193)Ir为内标物。铼的线性范围为50μg·L~(-1)以内,方法的检出限(3s)为0.037μg·L~(-1)。方法的加标回收率在96.0%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)在2.0%~3.8%之间。     

离子色谱法测定纤维素水解产物中5种酸的含量

采用离子色谱法测定纤维素水解产物中乙酰丙酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、硫酸等5种酸的含量。纤维素水解产物样品稀释后,以氢氧化钾溶液为淋洗液,抑制型电导检测器测定。5种酸在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.001~0.008mg·L~(-1)之间。方法用于纤维素水解产物样品的分析,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.45%~4.8%之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在91.0%~109%之间。     

离子色谱法测定合成气制烯烃产物中的C_1~C_6有机酸

采用离子色谱建立了合成气制烯烃(SGTO)水相产物和油相产物中C1~C6有机酸的测定方法。对分离条件进行了优化,使用标准样品测定了线性范围和工作曲线,考察了方法的精密度和准确度,确定了SGTO油相产物样品的碱洗条件,并对SGTO水相产物和油相产物样品进行了测定。结果表明:C1~C6有机酸的质量浓度在各自配制的质量浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99。标准溶液的回收率测定表明回收率在95.6%~104.3%之间,5次重复测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.4%~3.6%之间,表明该方法具有良好的准确性和精密度。SGTO油相产物中的加标回收率在91.1%~96.8%之间,5次重复测定的RSD为0.7%~2.3%,准确性可以满足实际分析的需要。实际SGTO水相产物和油相产物中C1~C6有机酸的分析结果表明,SGTO水相产物中C2~C4有机酸含量较高,而SGTO油相产物中C4~C6有机酸含量较高。本研究对SGTO反应研究、催化剂制备、工艺优化以及设备材料的选择具有重要意义。     

脉冲-辉光放电质谱法测量稀土合金中的关键元素

建立了脉冲-辉光放电质谱(Pulsed-GDMS)测定稀土合金中7种关键元素Mg、Fe、Cu、La、Ce、Pr、Nd的分析方法。系统考察了脉冲时间、样品均匀性、质谱仪配件(阳极帽、导流管、样品锥)、压片致密性对测量重复性的影响。对于含量在mg/g量级以上的元素,影响重复性(RSD)的最大因素是质谱仪配件的更换,不更换配件RSD3%,更换新配件RSD为2%~11%,更换重复使用的旧配件RSD为3%~21%;其次是粉末样品压片的致密性,致密样品的测量结果 RSD3%,致密性越低,测量重复性越差。采用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱(HR-ICP-MS)对1#稀土合金样品中的元素进行测量,以测量值为参考值对Pulsed-GDMS的测量结果进行校正,获得各元素的相对灵敏度因子,用校正后的Pulsed-GDMS对2#稀土合金样品进行测定。结果表明,对于致密样品(2#-A)的Pulsed-GDMS分析结果与HR-ICP-MS分析结果一致。在优化的条件下,实际样品测量结果的扩展不确定度可降低至3%~10%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.