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X射线衍射增强成像中吸收、折射以及散射衬度的计算层析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
X射线相位衬度成像是一种新型的X射线成像技术,通过记录射线穿过物体后相位的改变对物体进行成像,可以提供比传统的X射线吸收成像更高的图像衬度以及空间分辨力。衍射增强成像方法(Diffraction enhancedimaging,DEI)是X射线相位衬度成像方法之一,利用一块放置在物体和探测器之间的分析晶体提取物体的吸收、折射以及散射信息并进行成像。将衍射增强成像方法与计算机断层成像技术(Computerized Tomography)进行结合,利用吸收、散射以及折射信息,分别采用滤波反投影以及雷登(Radon)变换,对昆虫样品——蜜蜂进行计算层析重建,获得了好于X射线吸收计算层析的重建结果,验证了衍射增强成像信息分离计算层析的优越性。 相似文献
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衍射增强相位衬度成像中的信息分离研究一直以来都是相关研究人员重点关注的方向之一. 本文在利用余弦函数拟合衍射增强成像中的摇摆曲线的基础上, 推导出了峰位像、左腰像和右腰像的余弦函数表达式以及吸收像、折射角像和散射角方差像的解析表达式, 形成了一种基于衍射增强成像的简便信息分离方法. 该方法只需利用摇摆曲线左腰、右腰和峰位三幅图像, 就能提取出样品的吸收、折射和散射信息, 具有方法简便、样品所受辐射剂量低等优点. 对模型样品和真实样品的实验结果表明, 本文所提方法可成功对样品进行信息分离, 并且所获得的信息分离结果可以和目前常用的多图统计方法(至少需要7张图像)获得的实验结果相比较.
关键词:
衍射增强成像
相位衬度成像
样品信息提取 相似文献
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X射线衍射增强成像中的信息分离和信息处理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人们已经利用X射线的高穿透性,发展了较为成熟的X射线成像理论和技术. X射线成像已经广泛应用于众多领域.传统X射线成像受生物样品中组织间吸收系数差别较小和散射噪声较大两个因素的限制,不易利用这种方法获得生物组织的信息. 衍射增强成像方法不但能将有害的散射噪声滤除,而且能利用样品的折射信息, 是一种具有发展潜力的新成像方法. 本文利用衍射增强成像, 通过在摇摆曲线不同部位成像, 然后对信息处理, 得到了清晰的吸收像、消光(小角散射滤除)像、小角散射(角)宽度像和折射像,最后通过一定的算法将各种成分的像合成, 形成细节部位清晰的合成伪彩色像. 相似文献
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X射线衍射增强成像中的定量测量 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
提出了一种基于X射线衍射增强成像(DEI)断层计算机X射线层析术(CT)图像的物体尺寸精确测量方法.X射线衍射增强成像是一种基于相位衬度的成像技术.通过建立DEI的简化模型,研究衍射成像过程中品体转角、投影图像谷点位置、成像系统等效模糊等因素之间关系,由此具体探讨了系统模糊效应对圆物体边界成像带来的位置偏移,并以圆形被测样品为例.提出可精确测定直径的简单有效算法.通过理论仿真模型数据和北京同步辐射装置上的实测数据验证了该算法的精度.该方法实现了利用DEI图像对被测物体几何尺寸的精确测量,可用于对牛物组织样品等物体内部微小结构的尺寸的精确测量. 相似文献
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乳腺组织的衍射增强成像 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了探讨X射线衍射增强成像(DEI)技术在乳腺癌早期诊断中的价值,利用北京同步辐射光源4W1A束线引出的硬X射线, 对大块的正常乳腺组织和癌变乳腺组织进行X射线衍射增强成像,并对DEI中获得的不同图像以及正常组织和癌变组织的DEI图像进行对照分析.结果显示: 在摇摆曲线顶部位置获得的图像(衍射图像)清晰度比较高,能够很好地反映出软组织中的结构. 表观吸收图像与传统的乳腺X光照片基本相似, 但分辨不同的软组织有一定的难度, 分辨的能力也不如衍射图像; 而折射图像能够很好地显示出正常乳腺组织和癌变乳腺组织中腺体的形状、大小、分布和结构上的差异. 因此, DEI技术在乳腺癌的诊断上有较高的价值, 可作为常规诊断手段的重要补充. 相似文献
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衍射增强成像是X射线相位衬度成像方法之一,这种方法具有较高的衬度和空间分辨率. 利用它对由轻元素组成的生物、医学样品成像可以观察到常规吸收成像无法观察到的内部微细结构. 这种方法在生物、医学、材料科学等无损检测领域中的应用研究,已成为当前国际上X射线成像领域中的研究热点. 讨论衍射增强成像方法和该方法在计算机断层成像中的应用. 实验结果表明,使用衍射增强成像方法获得的数据源能够重建出微米级的生物组织结构,这些组织结构信息在常规X射线断层成像中是难以得到的.
关键词:
衍射增强成像
CT重建
同步辐射
微细结构 相似文献
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X射线衍射增强成像技术可以精确得到样品内部结构的折射角信息, 对提高轻元素物质的成像衬度有着重要的意义. 本文对楔型和圆形两种模型样品进行了DEI实验的研究, 对3种不同能量的X射线均精确得到了样品的折射角信息, 与理论计算值吻合的很好. 利用边界可见度(Edge Visibility)对楔形样品进行了定量的分析. 结果表明, 对于特定折射角的界面, 能精确计算其最佳可见度的位置, 并与实验结果吻合的较好. 最后对一块实际医学肿瘤样品边界处的可见度进行了定量的研究, 讨论了获得最佳成像衬度的条件. 相似文献
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Improvement and error analysis of quantitative information extraction in diffraction-enhanced imaging 下载免费PDF全文
Diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) is a powerful phase-sensitive technique that provides higher spatial resolution and supercontrast of weakly absorbing objects than conventional radiography. It derives contrast from the X-ray absorption, refraction, and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) properties of an object. The separation of different-contrast contributions from images is an important issue for the potential application of DEI. In this paper, an improved DEI (IDEI) method is proposed based on the Gaussian curve fitting of the rocking curve (RC). Utilizing only three input images, the IDEI method can accurately separate the absorption, refraction, and USAXS contrasts produced by the object. The IDEI method can therefore be viewed as an improvement to the extended DEI (EDEI) method. In contrast, the IDEI method can circumvent the limitations of the EDEI method well since it does not impose a Taylor approximation on the RC. Additionally, analysis of the IDEI model errors is performed to further investigate the factors that lead to the image artifacts, and finally validation studies are conducted using computer simulation and synchrotron experimental data. 相似文献
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不同的图像采集策略下,基于分析晶体相衬成像技术的折射信息提取方法(衍射增强成像法、广义衍射增强成像法、多图成像法)的折射角提取结果有明显的差异.与摇摆曲线腰位作为图像采集位置的传统策略相比,采集位置靠近摇摆曲线中轴时,衍射增强成像法能够提取得到更好的折射角结果.广义衍射增强成像法的三个图像采集位置相对摇摆曲线中轴对称时,折射角的提取结果好于采集位置非对称的结果,并且采集位置靠近摇摆曲线中轴时,折射角的提取结果好于摇摆曲线腰位或趾位的结果.对于多图成像法,相邻图像采集位置的角度间隔大于摇摆曲线半高全宽时,折射角提取结果非常差;而当角度间隔小于半高全宽并且图像采集位置对应的角度范围接近样品的最大折射角理论值时,能够获得很好的折射角提取结果.此研究有助于实验上对图像采集策略的合理选择以及对折射信息提取方法的更深理解. 相似文献
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Takeya S Yoneyama A Miyamoto J Gotoh Y Ueda K Hyodo K Takeda T 《Journal of synchrotron radiation》2010,17(6):813-816
The understanding of and in situ observation of the transport and distribution of water in carbon‐paper gas diffusion layers (GDLs) using non‐destructive imaging techniques is critical for achieving high performance in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). To investigate the behavior of water in GDLs of PEFCs, phase‐contrast X‐ray imaging via X‐ray interferometric imaging (XII) and diffraction‐enhanced imaging (DEI) were performed using 35 keV X‐rays. The XII technique is useful for the radiographic imaging of GDLs and in situ observations of water evolution processes in operating PEFCs. DEI provides a way for tomographic imaging of GDLs in PEFCs. Because high‐energy X‐rays are applicable to the imaging of both carbon papers and heavy materials, which make up PEFCs, phase‐contrast X‐ray imaging techniques have proven to be valuable for investigation of GDLs. 相似文献
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Enhancement of measurement accuracy of X‐ray PIV in comparison with the micro‐PIV technique 下载免费PDF全文
Hanwook Park Sung Yong Jung Jun Hong Park Jun Ho Kim Sang Joon Lee 《Journal of synchrotron radiation》2018,25(2):552-559
The X‐ray PIV (particle image velocimetry) technique has been used as a non‐invasive measurement modality to investigate the haemodynamic features of blood flow. However, the extraction of two‐dimensional velocity field data from the three‐dimensional volumetric information contained in X‐ray images is technically unclear. In this study, a new two‐dimensional velocity field extraction technique is proposed to overcome technological limitations. To resolve the problem of finding a correction coefficient, the velocity field information obtained by X‐ray PIV and micro‐PIV techniques for disturbed flow in a concentric stenosis with 50% severity was quantitatively compared. Micro‐PIV experiments were conducted for single‐plane and summation images, which provide similar positional information of particles as X‐ray images. The correction coefficient was obtained by establishing the relationship between velocity data obtained from summation images (VS) and centre‐plane images (VC). The velocity differences between VS and VC along the vertical and horizontal directions were quantitatively analysed as a function of the geometric angle of the test model for applying the present two‐dimensional velocity field extraction technique to a conduit of arbitrary geometry. Finally, the two‐dimensional velocity field information at arbitrary positions could be successfully extracted from X‐ray images by using the correction coefficient and several velocity parameters derived from VS. 相似文献
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J. Thieme J. Sedlmair S.‐C. Gleber J. Prietzel J. Coates K. Eusterhues G. Abbt‐Braun M. Salome 《Journal of synchrotron radiation》2010,17(2):149-157
X‐ray microscopy is capable of imaging particles in the nanometer size range directly with sub‐micrometer spatial resolution and can be combined with high spectral resolution for spectromicroscopy studies. Two types of microscopes are common in X‐ray microscopy: the transmission X‐ray microscope and the scanning transmission X‐ray microscope; their set‐ups are explained in this paper. While the former takes high‐resolution images from an object with exposure times of seconds or faster, the latter is very well suited as an analytical instrument for spectromicroscopy. The morphology of clusters or particles from soil and sediment samples has been visualized using a transmission X‐ray microscope. Images are shown from a cryo‐tomography experiment based on X‐ray microscopy images to obtain information about the three‐dimensional structure of clusters of humic substances. The analysis of a stack of images taken with a scanning transmission X‐ray microscope to combine morphology and chemistry within a soil sample is shown. X‐ray fluorescence is a method ideally applicable to the study of elemental distributions and binding states of elements even on a trace level using X‐ray energies above 1 keV. 相似文献