代数迭代重建算法在折射衬度CT中的应用

X射线折射衬度CT是一种基于相位衬度的断层成像技术,特别适合对由轻元素组成的生物、医学样品进行成像,可以观察到常规吸收衬度CT无法观察到的软组织内部微细结构,是一种具有巨大发展潜力的新成像方法.迭代重建算法和解析重建算法是计算机断层成像技术中并行发展的两种算法,虽然已经提出了几种X射线折射衬度CT的解析重建算法,可是还未见X射线折射衬度CT迭代重建算法的报道.研究了代数迭代重建算法在X射线折射衬度CT中的应用,比较分析了不同的投影数据排列方式对于折射衬度CT重建图像的影响,并对实验数据进行了图像重建,获得了满意的CT图像.研究结果表明,在相位衬度CT中,迭代重建算法相对于解析重建算法而言,能减少投影次数,降低曝光剂量,减少对生物样品的辐射损伤,在生物样品成像和投影数据不完整的情况下具有明显的优势. 关键词： 衍射增强成像 代数迭代算法 CT重建 同步辐射     

同步辐射硬X射线衍射增强峰位成像CT研究

对于主要由轻元素组成的生物、医学样品,利用衍射增强成像技术可以观察到常规吸收成像无法观察到的内部微观结构,因而衍射增强成像具有较高的衬度和空间分辨率.选用苍蝇作为实验样品,在北京同步辐射装置上首次开展了衍射增强峰位成像CT实验.重建出的样品断层像显示其分辨率达到了几十μm水平.对于将衍射增强成像技术应用于生物和医学等领域具有重要意义.     

光栅成像的锥束相位CT重建算法

X射线相位衬度成像对弱吸收物质有着独有的高密度分辨率,在医学、生物学、材料学等领域显示出良好的应用前景.但是其中的干涉成像法、衍射增强成像法和同轴成像法具有一定局限性,难以被广泛应用.光栅成像克服了以往相位衬度成像的缺陷,也使相位衬度成像向锥束成像发展成为可能.本文致力于锥束相位X射线计算机断层摄影术(CT)重建算法的研究,根据基于光栅的锥束相位成像的特点,利用吸收CT中FDK (Feldkamp-Davis-Kress)重建算法的思想,发展出适用于锥束相位成像的CT重建方法.该方法为滤波反投影类型,以相位一阶导数像为投影值,直接重建物体的相位项.通过仿真验证了算法的正确性.     

同步辐射相位衬度成像医学应用初探

近年来,相位衬度成像技术医学领域应用的发展引人瞩目.同步辐射相位衬度成像无须使用对比剂就能显示传统X射线无法显示的肌腱、软骨、韧带、脂肪、血管及神经等软组织.文章作者应用包括类同轴相衬成像和衍射增强成像在内的相位衬度成像技术进行了肝胆、肺脏、肾脏、胃肠道、心脏、血管、骨关节组织与肿瘤成像,证实了同步辐射相位衬度成像较传统X射线成像图像清晰,分辩率明显提高,特别适用于软组织、血管等的成像.     

X射线衍射增强成像中吸收、折射以及散射衬度的计算层析

X射线相位衬度成像是一种新型的X射线成像技术,通过记录射线穿过物体后相位的改变对物体进行成像,可以提供比传统的X射线吸收成像更高的图像衬度以及空间分辨力。衍射增强成像方法(Diffraction enhancedimaging,DEI)是X射线相位衬度成像方法之一,利用一块放置在物体和探测器之间的分析晶体提取物体的吸收、折射以及散射信息并进行成像。将衍射增强成像方法与计算机断层成像技术(Computerized Tomography)进行结合,利用吸收、散射以及折射信息,分别采用滤波反投影以及雷登(Radon)变换,对昆虫样品——蜜蜂进行计算层析重建,获得了好于X射线吸收计算层析的重建结果,验证了衍射增强成像信息分离计算层析的优越性。     

同步辐射硬x射线衍射增强成像新进展

对于相位衬度成像的实验方法研究及其在医学、材料等领域的应用研究已成为国际上研究的热点.衍射增强成像方法(DEI)作为其中的一种方法通过测量相位衬度的一阶导数而成像.在北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)4W1A束线上，对衍射增强成像方法进行了研究，并对一系列生物医学样品及材料样品成像，得到了非常清晰的相位衬度图像. 关键词： 衍射增强成像 同步辐射 硬x射线     

衍射增强成像原理

研究了衍射增强成像过程中X射线与样品和晶体的相互作用,重点分析了小角散射对衍射增强成像的影响,为衍射增强成像方程补充了小角散射噪声项,建立了更普遍的衍射增强成像方程.根据新的衍射增强成像方程,推导出峰位像和腰位像的吸收衬度,消光衬度和折射衬度的数学表达,并讨论了两种合成像(表观吸收像和折射像)的衬度问题. 关键词： 相位衬度成像 同步辐射 晶体衍射 X射线照相术     

X射线光栅相位成像的理论和方法

通过对X射线光栅相位衬度成像实验装置的理论分析,提出了光栅位移曲线的表达式,推导出了X射线光栅相位衬度成像方程.根据该成像方程,提出了基于光栅成像相位提取方法.这些理论结果将简化光栅相位衬度成像实验步骤,提高信息获取效率,并为X射线光栅相位衬度成像和计算机断层成像的结合,进一步提出光栅相位衬度CT的简化理论奠定基础. 关键词： X射线 相位衬度成像 光栅衍射 Talbot效应     

同轴X射线相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术研究

基于北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)开展了同轴X射线相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术(CT)研究.利用北京同步辐射的14 keV单色X射线作为光源,以高分辨能力的X射线胶片作为探测器,分别开展吸收衬度和同轴相位衬度成像的比较研究以及相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术研究.相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术重建采用Bronnikov提出的算法.结果显示,与传统的吸收衬度图像相比,相位衬度图像具有更好的衬度和更高的空间分辨力;实验获得人工样品和蝗虫的相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术重建图像.重建图像中可见样品的一些结构细节.实验结果表明,相位衬度X射线成像更适合于研究弱吸收或吸收差异很小的材料;利用北京同步辐射开展同轴X射线相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术研究是可行的.     

X射线衍射增强成像中的定量测量

提出了一种基于X射线衍射增强成像(DEI)断层计算机X射线层析术(CT)图像的物体尺寸精确测量方法.X射线衍射增强成像是一种基于相位衬度的成像技术.通过建立DEI的简化模型,研究衍射成像过程中品体转角、投影图像谷点位置、成像系统等效模糊等因素之间关系,由此具体探讨了系统模糊效应对圆物体边界成像带来的位置偏移,并以圆形被测样品为例.提出可精确测定直径的简单有效算法.通过理论仿真模型数据和北京同步辐射装置上的实测数据验证了该算法的精度.该方法实现了利用DEI图像对被测物体几何尺寸的精确测量,可用于对牛物组织样品等物体内部微小结构的尺寸的精确测量.     

An ART iterative reconstruction algorithm for computed tomography of diffraction enhanced imaging

X-ray diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) has extremely high sensitivity for weakly absorbing low-Z samples in medical and biological fields. In this paper, we propose an Algebra Reconstruction Technique (ART) iterative reconstruction algorithm for computed tomography of diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI-CT). An Ordered Subsets (OS) technique is used to accelerate the ART reconstruction. Few-view reconstruction is also studied, and a partial differential equation (PDE) type filter which has the ability of edge-preserving and denoising is used to improve the image quality and eliminate the artifacts. The proposed algorithm is validated with both the numerical simulations and the experiment at the Beijing synchrotron radiation facility (BSRF).     

Dual-modal photoacoustic/CT imaging system

Photoacoustic(PA) tomography(PAT) breaks the barrier for high-resolution optical imaging in a strong lightscattering medium, having a great potential for both clinical implementation and small animal studies. However,many organs and tissues lack enough PA contrast or even hinder the propagation of PA waves. Therefore, it is challenging to interpret pure PAT images, especially three-dimensional(3 D) PA images for deep tissues, without enough structural information. To overcome this limitation, in this study, we integrated PAT with X-ray computed tomography(CT) in a standalone system. PAT provides optical contrast and CT gives anatomical information. We performed agar, tissue phantom, and animal studies, and the results demonstrated that PAT/CT imaging systems can provide accurate spatial registration of important complementary contrasts.     

DEIReconstructor:a software for diffraction enhanced imaging processing and tomography reconstruction

Diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) has been widely applied in many fields, especially when imaging low-Z samples or when the difference in the attenuation coefficient between different regions in the sample is too small to be detected. Recent developments of this technique have presented a need for a new software package for data analysis. Here, the Diffraction Enhanced Image Reconstructor (DEIReconstructor), developed in Matlab, is presented. DEIReconstructor has a user-friendly graphical user interface and runs under any of the 32-bit or 64-bit Microsoft Windows operating systems including XP and Win7. Many of its features are integrated to support imaging preprocessing, extract absorption, refractive and scattering information of diffraction enhanced imaging and allow for parallel-beam tomography reconstruction for DEI-CT. Furthermore, many other useful functions are also implemented in order to simplify the data analysis and the presentation of results. The compiled software package is freely available.     

Imaging of articular cartilage--data matching using X-ray tomography, SEM, FIB slicing and conventional histology

The study was aimed at demonstrating a true cellular resolution for articular cartilage using synchrotron radiation-based X-ray microcomputed tomography (SR-μCT) with a sample-specific optimization of the phase contrast. The generated tomographic data were later used to prepare a matching histological sample from the full volume specimen. We used highly coherent and monochromatic X-rays from a synchrotron source to image a tissue sample of bovine articular cartilage after deparaffinization. Phase contrast enhancement was achieved by using five different sample to detector distances for the same X-ray energy. After tomography, the sample was re-embedded into resin while retaining a dedicated sample orientation for subsequent sectioning and polishing, which was conducted until a previously defined spatial position was achieved. The protocol for resin embedding was developed to inhibit morphological changes during embedding. Giemsa staining was applied for better structural and morphological discrimination. Data from tomography and lightmicroscopy were exactly matched and finally compared to results from FIB/SEM imaging. Image detail was achieved at a single cell resolution. Image detail was achieved at a single cell resolution, which has been estimated to be 0.833μm/voxel in the tomographic data. SR-μCT with optimized phase contrast properties represents a method to investigate biological tissues in certain areas of interest, where true cellular resolution or enhanced volumetric imaging is needed. In this study, we demonstrate that this method can compete with conventional histology using light microscopy but even surpasses it due to the possibility of retrieving volumetric data.