研究报告(191~196)基于微波技术的翻白草多糖提取工艺研究

采用醇沉水提工艺,使用微波技术提取翻白草中多糖.先通过单因素分析法对提取工艺进行优选,并选取4个因素进行正交实验.得到翻白草中多糖的最优提取工艺为:先使用料液比为1∶30的乙醇进行醇沉20 min,再以液固比为70∶1的水(p H为7.0)作为提取剂,在60℃下微波提取10 min.在最优提取工艺下对翻白草不同部位(根、茎、叶)的多糖含量进行分析,发现翻白草的茎部多糖的含量最高,其次为根部和叶部.     

响应面法优化微波提取翻白草总黄酮

利用响应面法研究了翻白草总黄酮的微波辅助提取工艺.在单因素试验的基础上,以乙醇体积分数、液固比、提取温度、微波时间为自变量,总黄酮的得率为响应值,研究各因素及其交互作用对黄酮得率的影响.结果表明其最佳提取条件是:乙醇体积分数55%、液固比32 m L/g、温度82℃、微波时间10 min.此条件下,翻白草中黄酮的提取率为6.96 mg/g,与理论预测值基本吻合.     

翻白草中熊果酸的微波提取工艺研究

采用单因素实验与正交实验法结合,以提取剂浓度、固液比、微波功率、微波提取时间为考察因素,以熊果酸提取率作为评价指标,优化了熊果酸的微波提取工艺。最优微波提取条件为:90 % 乙醇作为提取剂、料液比1∶20 g/mL、微波功率250 W、微波提取时间120 s。     

微波预处理复合酶法浸提茶皂素工艺条件研究

以油茶饼粕为原材料,采用微波预处理复合酶法,通过单因素试验研究了液固比、温度、时间、pH值和复合酶用量对油茶饼粕中茶皂素提取率的影响,采用正交试验确定最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明在时间为1.5 h、液固比为9∶1、pH值为6、浸提温度为55℃、复合酶用量为0.45%的条件下,茶皂素的提取率为13.35%,产品纯度为58.47%。     

川佛手中多酚类物质的微波和超声波联合提取工艺优化

采用微波和超声波提取技术,实现了川佛手中多酚类物质的有效提取.在微波功率800 W和微波提取时间40 min的条件下,通过单因素实验条件优化,考察了超声功率、乙醇浓度、提取温度、超声时间和提取料液比对提取效率的影响;通过正交试验设计,确定了最佳提取工艺条件参数,即超声功率800 W、乙醇体积分数60%、提取温度55℃、超声时间1.0 h和提取料液比1∶20 g/m L;通过验证实验,得到川佛手多酚的提取率约为20.79 mg/g.     

微波助提南瓜黄色素最佳提取条件的研究

利用微波助提法对南瓜黄色素最佳提取工艺条件进行初步研究.在单因素试验的基础上.以95%的乙醇为提取剂,设定提取固液比、微波功率、微波时间为影响因素,将南瓜黄色素溶液的吸光值作为指标进行正交试验.试验结果表明最佳提取条件:微波功率为640 W,微波时间为3min,提取固液比为1∶60.与传统水浴提取法相比,南瓜提取时间由45min减少到3 min,提取率从3.50%增加到4.09%.     

酸水解法从菊芋中提取果糖

采用热水浸提法提取菊芋中的菊糖,并用磷酸水解为还原糖(大部分为果糖)。从固液比、提取时间、温度、水解时间、温度和菊糖液pH值等方面试验了对还原糖得率的影响,通过正交实验确定了最佳条件为:固液比1∶30,浸提温度80℃,浸提时间30min,水解温度80℃,水解时间30min,pH值为2,可以得到较令人满意的结果。     

微波辅助萃取满山红叶中总黄酮的研究

用带可控温的Star-2型开罐式微波消解仪对满山红叶中的总黄酮进行了微波萃取研究。通过正交试验考察了微波萃取溶剂、微波辐照时间、萃取温度和液固比等条件对满山红中总黄酮萃取率的影响。结果表明,在乙醇浓度为80％、萃取温度为90℃、微波辐照时间为10min、液固比为40：1的条件下,微波萃取满山红叶中总黄酮萃取率最佳。与传统回流法相比,萃取率提高了16％。     

微波提取龙须藤多糖的最佳条件研究

选取微波功率、提取温度、提取时间和料液比作为因素,以毛细管电泳-紫外检测测定龙须藤多糖水解产物中的单糖峰面积总和为指标,通过单因素和正交试验,对提取条件进行了优化.结果表明,最大影响因素为微波功率,其次为提取温度,再次为提取时间,最后为料液比.最优提取条件为微波功率600 W,提取温度70 ℃,提取时间25 min,料液比1:35.     

正交优化微波辅助提取柿子叶中的β-胡萝卜素工艺研究

以柿子叶为原料,采用微波辅助法提取柿子叶中的β-胡萝卜素.在单因素的基础上,通过正交试验对工艺条件进行了优化.结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为：微波温度25℃,微波时间60 s,液料比17∶1 mL/g,微波功率500W.在此最佳条件下β-胡萝卜素提取率可达31.25％.     

超声波提取含羞草种子中总黄酮工艺条件优化研究

采用超声提取法对含羞草种子中黄酮类物质进行提取,对提取工艺条件如溶剂、配料比、浸泡时间、提取温度、提取时间进行了优化。在单试验的基础上进行正交试验,得出黄酮类物质的最佳提取工艺条件:乙醇体积分数为60%,含羞草种子与60%乙醇配料比(g∶m L)为1∶8,超声温度范围40~44℃,超声时间为50 min。该方法操作简单,提取时间短,提取效率较高。     

超声波法提取紫甘薯叶总黄酮的工艺研究

采用超声波提取法,以总黄酮含量为考察指标,利用单因素试验法对影响总黄酮提取率的因素进行了分析,然后通过正交试验确定紫甘薯叶总黄酮的最佳工艺条件。研究表明,影响紫甘薯叶总黄酮提取率的主次因素为:溶剂pH值溶剂的浓度料液比提取时间。紫甘薯叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数80%,料液比1∶40(W/V),提取时间30 min,提取溶剂pH 9。在此条件下甘薯叶中总黄酮提取率为8.22%。     

Analysis of commercial vegetable tanning agents by reversed-phase liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to wastewater

Commercial vegetable tanning agents that are derived from plants and consist of condensed or hydrolyzable tannins were analyzed by electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (ESI–MS/MS) to identify their major constituents and to study their collision-induced dissociation. In the condensed tannin wattle a series of proanthocyanidin dimers to tetramers was identified together with the flavonoid monomers catechin and gallocatechin. The composition of the hydrolyzable tannin chestnut was more heterogenous. Besides the monomers ellagic and gallic acid a variety of gallotannins were detected, namely mono-, di- and trigalloylglucose, and a variety of ellagitannins. Reversed-phase HPLC–ESI–MS/MS methods were developed to detect condensed and hydrolyzable tannins in tannery wastewaters by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The methods proved suitable even for highly loaded wastewaters. However, the detected amount of wattle tanning agent in spent retanning baths was about two orders of magnitude below the amount used for the retanning. This suggests that the condensed tannins of polyphenolic structure are rapidly transformed during the tanning process to yet unknown products.     

两相溶剂萃取黄连木籽油制备生物柴油

以黄连木籽为原料,采用乙醇/异己烷两相不互溶溶剂对其进行萃取处理.考察了乙醇／异己烷体积比、萃取温度和萃取时间对萃取过程的影响.通过实验确定最佳的萃取条件为,黄连木仁粉50 g,乙醇异己烷总体积300 mL,乙醇/异己烷体积比为50∶50,萃取温度40℃,萃取时间30 min.在此条件下,黄连木籽油出油率达到99.5％...     

Green extraction process of tannins obtained from Moroccan Acacia mollissima barks by microwave: Modeling and optimization of the process using the response surface methodology RSM

The effect of extraction conditions on polyphenols contents and condensed tannins by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was studied for the first time to our knowledge. Moroccan barks of Acacia mollissima was used to extract phenolic compounds. The variables studied are the following: power extraction, time extraction and solvent nature. Five powers extraction were tested: 150 W, 250 W, 300 W, 450 W and 600 W. A significant effect of power extraction on the extractable nature was proved by ANOVA and Student test. The yields were also affected by time extraction. Different solvent (water, ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate) were tested to evaluate the best extraction solvent according to the extractable nature. Highest polyphenols contents were obtained with methanol. The proportion of this solvent, time extraction and power extraction were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). A face-centered composite design (FCCD) was applied to evaluate the effects of these variables on the polyphenols and condensed tannins contents. For each experiment, the extraction yield, the total polyphenolic contents and the condensed tannins contents were quantified using colorimetric essays. The extracts were characterized by their reactivity to formaldehyde and reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The highest polyphenols content was obtained at 156 W using 80% of methanol during 5 min. For condensed tannins, the highest content of cyanidin was obtained at 182 W using 20% of methanol during 3.66 min. RSM applied in MAE, permitted to develop green extraction process of polyphenols and tannins extracted, using lower microwave power and methanol proportion with a shortest time extraction and in the same time improve the quantity of extractables obtained from renewable natural resource.     

Antioxidant potential of polyphenols and tannins from burs of Castanea mollissima Blume

Spiny burs of Castanea mollissima Blume (Chinese chestnut) are usually discarded as industrial waste during post-harvesting processing. The objective of this study was to establish an extraction and isolation procedure for tannins from chestnut burs, and to assess their potential antioxidant activity. Aqueous ethanol solution was used as extraction solvent, and HPD 100 macroporous resin column was applied for isolation. The influence of solvent concentration in the extraction and elution process on extraction yield, tannins and polyphenols content, as well as antioxidant potential, including DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability, reducing power ability and cellular antioxidant ability were assessed. In both the extraction and isolation process, 50% aqueous ethanol led to superior total tannins and polyphenols content as well as significantly higher antioxidant activity. In addition, the antioxidant activity and the total tannins content in extracts and fractions had a positive linear correlation, and the predominant components responsible for antioxidant activities were characterized as hydrolysable tannins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the enrichment of tannins from burs of C. mollissim using macroporous resin chromatography, and to assess the cellular antioxidant activity of them.     

花生油提取工艺研究

以花生为原料,研究回流法,索式提取法和超声波辅助提取花生粗油脂的工艺条件,结果显示超声波提取在低温短时间内提取率有优势。通过单因素试验和正交试验优化了超声波辅助提取花生粗油脂的工艺条件。结果表明：超声波辅助提取花生粗油脂工艺的最佳条件是：石油醚作为溶剂,料液比1：12（g/mL）,提取温度35℃,提取时间25min,超...     

COMSOL软件在枸杞多糖超滤膜生物反应器中膜阻塞模型构建中的应用

基于聚砜中空纤维超滤膜分离技术精制枸杞多糖（Lycium barbarum polysaccharide）,通过COMSOL软件对枸杞多糖膜阻塞逆流提取及超声设备参数进行修正,获得更优的纯化工艺。采用微波-超声法提取枸杞多糖,并利用聚砜中空纤维超滤膜对枸杞多糖进行分离,采用单因素分析及正交实验考察枸杞多糖提取和分离过程中的重要参数,通过COMSOL软件对重要膜阻塞参数进行修正。结果表明,枸杞多糖提取较优工艺条件为：提取温度50~70 ℃之间,超声功率50 W,固液比例1∶8~1∶12（mg∶mL）,提取时间40~60 min;当超滤膜截留相对分子质量为1×10⁴时,膜通量较好;正交实验结果表明,膜通量与料液温度关系最大,其次是膜pH值和分离操作压;COMSOL软件对枸杞多糖连续逆流提取设备进行仿真计算,结果发现与全封闭叶片相比,开孔叶片能够显著降低溶剂短路现象,使得最低流速提升高达65倍。基于COMSOL软件数据修订,枸杞多糖分离效率得到大幅度提升,为枸杞多糖工业化生产提供必要的数据积累。     

Preliminary extraction of tannins by 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazole bromide and its subsequent removal from Galla chinensis extract using macroporous resins

In recent years, ionic liquids have become increasingly attractive as ‘green solvents’ used in the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural plant. However, the separation of ionic liquid from the target compounds was difficult, due to their low vapour pressure and high stabilities. In our study, ionic liquid‐based ultrasonic and microwave‐assisted extraction was used to obtain the crude tannins, then the macroporous resin adsorption technology was further employed to purify the tannins and remove the ionic liquid from crude extract. The results showed that XDA‐6 had higher separation efficiency than other tested resins, and the equilibrium experimental data were well fitted to Langmuir isotherms. Dynamic adsorption and desorption were performed on XDA‐6 packed in glass columns to optimise the separation process. The optimum conditions as follows: the ratio of column height to diameter bed was 1:8, flow rate 1 BV/h (bed volume per hour), 85% ethanol was used as eluant while the elution volume was 2 BV. Under the optimised conditions, the adsorption and desoption rate of tannins in XDA‐6 were 94.81 and 91.63%, respectively. The content of tannins was increased from 70.24% in Galla chinensis extract to 85.12% with a recovery of 99.06%. The result of ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)‐MS/MS analysis showed that [bmim]Br could be removed from extract.