分析化学课程网上实践教学的组织与实施

针对当前在远程教育平台开展实验实训教学中存在的矛盾,以分析化学为例,充分利用现代通信技术和教育的结合,在实验教学中设计多媒体、视频、虚拟仿真实验室、实验拓展设计等4大资源模块。并从网上平台设计、组织与实施、教学质量保障、效果评价等方面进行论述,探索如何构建高效的分析化学网上实践教学课堂,以满足远程教育实验教学发展的需要,为广大的自学者学习技能建立良好的学习平台。     

化学化工虚拟仿真实验教学中心建设与实践

为了有效解决化学化工类实验教学无法或者难以实现的教学过程问题,组建了黑龙江大学化学化工虚拟仿真实验教学中心,搭建了辅助虚拟实验教学和管理于一体的开放共享的虚拟仿真信息化网络平台,设计开发了系列化工、制药、仪器类虚拟仿真实验教学项目,开展理论课+线下实验课+虚拟仿真实验+慕课四维课程体系建设,期望提升本科一流专业和拔尖人才试验班建设以及本科人才培养,为提高学校本科教学质量提供有力的保障。     

以培养创新型人才为导向的基础分析化学实验教学改革的探索与应用

从新时代培养创新型人才的角度出发,阐述了基础分析化学实验教学方法改革的必要性。针对大学基础分析化学实验,提出了从课前预习、课堂讲授、实验指导、课后讨论总结到学期末实验考核方式的具体整改方案。与传统实验教学方法相比,新方法的实施有效提高了学生学习的主动性,培养了学生扎实的实验技能以及创新能力。     

基于虚拟仿真实验教学平台的化工类专业应用创新型人才培养模式

分析了化工类专业实验教学面临的主要问题，指出专业综合实验缺乏是制约化工类专业应用创新型人才培养的关键问题。利用虚拟仿真实验教学的优势，按照"以设计研究型实验为引导、以工程项目为依托、以综合创新竞赛为载体"的教学理念，在构建化工专业虚拟仿真实验课程体系，培养学生大工程观思维，探索开放自主式的实验教学模式等方面，开展了基于虚拟仿真实验教学平台的化工类专业应用创新型人才培养的创新与实践，取得较好成效。     

正溴丁烷合成虚拟仿真系统的设计与辅助实验教学研究*

介绍了正溴丁烷合成虚拟仿真系统的设计与功能,并结合具体的教学实践和研究结果的对比分析,提出了虚实结合的混合式教学模式,这种教学模式能有效解决传统实验教学过程中实验预习效果差、过程性评价难的教学痛点。     

三维虚拟仿真技术在锂离子电池实验教学中的应用

把三维虚拟仿真技术引入到锂离子电池实验教学中,制作了锂离子扣式电池制作与性能测试虚拟仿真实验,介绍了仿真实验的设计过程。该仿真实验使用3Ds Max软件构建仪器和工作原理的模型及动画,用Unity3D软件构建一个高度仿真的虚拟实验室场景并模拟了实验操作的整个流程,使操作者可以轻松完成锂离子扣式电池制作与性能测试虚拟仿真实验过程。三维虚拟仿真技术在锂离子电池实验教学中的应用,可以弥补锂离子电池传统实验教学的不足,提高学生学习兴趣,丰富课堂实验教学手段,有效提高教学质量和教学效果。     

分析化学实验课程的分层次混合式教学研究与实践

为适应我校分析化学实验课程发展的需求,通过改革课程内容、将课程内容模块化、设置必做和选做实验、开展实验小组教学、建立"要点"评分机制等措施,构建了一套针对不同专业和学生的分层次、有特色的分析化学实验教学体系。探讨了分层次教学体系下,实验分组、选做实验开展、试剂准备等具体操作模式。在课程教学过程中开展了"线上线下"相结合的混合式教学探索,提高学生实验积极性和学习兴趣,实现多元化教学。     

以小型化分析化学实验启动实验教学模式的改革

小型化分析化学实验可将传统实验的教学时间由4学时缩短到2.5学时,以此为契机,开展“验证型、应用型、综合设计型”三阶段式实验教学新模式。     

分析化学综合实验中的软件实验教学设计——以Excel为例

以Excel为例, 从实验设计原则、实验内容、教学手段等方面系统介绍了分析化学综合实验中软件实验的教学设计, 对提高学生实验数据分析能力及处理效率具有重要作用, 是分析化学实验教学的有益探索。     

基础分析化学实验课程中开展自主实验的探究

分析化学是化学的重要分支,分析化学实验教学在本科生化学教育中有着重要的位置。自主实验已经普遍应用到实验教学的实践中,对于药学等非化学专业在基础课程中开展自主实验也有重要意义,同时适合进行实验教学方法的研究。在基础实验课程的有限学时里开展自主实验,是一项有挑战的实践,文章对在实验内容选择、课程分析、助教培训等方面的探究进行了介绍,以及强调安全教育与保障是开展实验教学的必要条件,并介绍了进一步的教学实践设想。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.