离子液体载催化剂和载试剂在有机合成中的应用

综述了离子液体载催化剂和载试剂在有机合成中的应用进展. 离子液体载催化剂是针对离子液体中催化剂难以回收利用的问题提出来的, 它不仅可以实现均相催化, 而且反应产物容易分离, 催化剂可以循环使用. 离子液体载有机试剂合成, 又称为离子液体相有机合成, 具有固相反应产物纯度高和液相反应反应快的优点. 在离子液体载无机试剂的反应中, 反应物毒性降低, 反应条件温和, 产物选择性好.     

固相载体上的环加成反应及其应用

固相有机合成和组合化学是近年来发展起来的快速合成数种有机化合物的新方法。本文介绍了在固相载体上进行的环加成反应, 及其在有机合成及反应机理研究中的应用。     

固定化离子液体在有机合成中的应用

固定化离子液体是将离子液体通过物理吸附或化学键合等方法与固载材料结合而成,不仅保持了离子液体稳定性好、挥发性低、结构可优化等特点,还提高了离子液体的催化活性和重复利用性。固定化离子液体广泛应用于缩合、偶联及不对称合成等反应中。本文介绍了固定化离子液体的制备、固载材料的分类、结合方式及固定化离子液体在有机合成中的应用进展。     

功能性离子液体支载液相有机合成研究进展

阐述了功能性离子液体支载液相有机合成的概念、特点及其在小分子杂环化合物、多肽、寡糖合成等有机反应中的应用, 以及功能性离子液体支载的催化剂和试剂在液相有机合成中的应用. 研究表明功能性离子液体作为一种新型的高负载量的可溶性载体可以广泛应用于液相有机合成中, 有效地促进了反应的进行, 简化了分离手段, 显著地提高了反应的选择性和收率.     

聚乙二醇功能化离子液体的制备及其在有机反应中的应用

聚乙二醇功能化离子液体作为一个新的研究方向受到了化学研究者关注,该类离子液体已经成功地应用于许多有机合成反应中,可以明显改善催化剂性能,并可在一定程度上解决传统催化剂使用中遇到的难分离、难回收再利用的问题。本文介绍了聚乙二醇功能化离子液体的发展历程、制备方法和其作为反应介质、溶剂或催化剂在有机合成反应中应用的最新研究成果,主要包括加成反应、缩合反应、还原反应、酯化反应、硝化反应、氧化反应、水解反应、Heck 反应以及Suzuki-Miyaura反应等。     

微波促进离子液体相反应在有机合成中的应用

微波促进离子液体相有机合成技术作为一种新型的绿色化学合成法,引起了人们极大的兴趣。在离子液体中,微波辅助下反应快速、收率高、选择性好、后处理简单,离子液体经简单再生后可多次套用。本文综述了以离子液体为反应介质或催化剂的微波辅助技术在多种类型有机反应中的研究成果,主要包括了环合反应、亲核取代反应、金属复分解反应、酰化反应、重排反应、聚合反应、偶联反应、氧化还原反应和选择性脱溴反应等。     

共焦显微拉曼光谱监测聚合物载体支载的化学反应

在固相载体上进行的有机合成[1-2]以及使用固相载体支载的试剂作为反应物或清除剂[3-4]的有机合成具有产物分离纯化简单、可以使用过量试剂促使反应完全、固相可以重复使用和容易实现自动化合成等诸多优点而受到重视,是组合化学[5-6]及高通量筛选[7]技术中建立分子多样性化合物     

酸功能化离子液体固相催化材料的制备及应用

酸功能化离子液体固相催化材料是把酸性离子液体负载到无机载体、有机载体和金属-有机骨架化合物等多种类型的固相材料上,形成一种集酸性离子液体和固相载体性质于一身的新型多相催化材料,具有良好的催化活性,解决了催化剂重复性不好及分离困难等问题,在多种催化过程中发挥重要作用。本文综述了酸功能化离子液体固相催化材料的最新研究进展,重点介绍了基于不同载体的杂化材料的制备方法,及其在烷基化反应、缩醛化反应和酯化反应等多种催化反应中的应用,同时分析了目前应用过程中存在的问题,并对其前景进行了展望。     

功能基化聚合物作为高分子试剂在固相有机合成中的应用研究

本文讨论了作者近年在制备功能基化聚合物方面的新方法,所制得的功能基化聚合物和工业离子交换树脂作为高分子载体,试剂和相转移催化剂在固相有机合成中的应用性能,以及功能基结构,反应介质,温度对固相合成反应的影响。     

微波辅助固相有机反应

固相有机合成是组合化学中构建化合物库的主要工具之一［１,２］,但是,由于它是连接在固相载体（如树脂等）上的试剂与溶解在有机溶剂中的试剂之间的反应,因此反应比较缓慢．考虑到微波技术对有机反应的协助作用,我们将微波技术应用到固相有机反应中,对比研究了微波...     

微波辅助组合合成的研究进展

微波辅助组合合成技术是近年来发展起来的一种新的制备化合物库的组合化学技术, 它不仅可以克服传统固相组合合成技术以及液相组合合成技术无法提高产物收率的不足, 而且利用该技术所制得的化合物库中对应的是高纯度的单一化合物, 采用高通量筛选技术可以快速直接地确定高活性结构, 极大地提高了新药开发的效率. 主要就近年来微波辅助组合合成技术的研究进展情况进行介绍, 内容包括固相组合合成、基于聚合物支载的催化剂的组合合成、液相组合合成、氟相组合合成以及组合平行合成等.     

聚乙二醇支载的杂环化合物库的液相合成

随着组合化学的迅速发展, 兼容固相合成和溶液相合成优点的液相合成方法已成为实现组合化学的一条重要途径. 综述了近年来聚乙二醇为可溶性聚合物载体支载的杂环化合物库的研究, 并展望了其今后的发展方向.     

固相有机合成研究进展

组合化学技术给固相有机合成带来了新的发展契机,同时也提出了新的发展要求。目前这一研究领域发展迅速,应用范围不断扩大,技术日臻完善。本文综述了近期固相有机合成研究方面的最新进展。     

Recent advances in liquid-phase combinatorial chemistry

In combination with high throughput screening, combinatorial organic synthesis of large numbers of pharmaceutically interesting compounds may revolutionize the drug discovery process. Although combinatorial organic synthesis on solid supports is a useful approach, several groups are focusing their research efforts on liquid-phase combinatorial synthesis by the use of soluble polymer supports to generate libraries. This macromolecular carrier, in contrast to an insoluble matrix, is soluble in most organic solvents and has a strong tendency for precipitation in particular solvents. Liquid-phase combinatorial synthesis is a unique approach since homogeneous reaction conditions can be applied, but product purification similar to the solid-phase method can be carried out by simple filtration and washing. This method combines the positive aspects of classical solution-phase chemistry and solid-phase synthesis. This review examines the recent applications (1995-1999) of soluble polymer supports in the synthesis of combinatorial libraries.     

Mass spectrometry and combinatorial chemistry: new approaches for direct support-bound compound identification

Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical tool allowing rapid and sensitive structural elucidation of a wide range of molecules issued from solution-, solid- and liquid-phase syntheses. Therefore, mass spectrometry has become the most widely used tool to probe combinatorial libraries. A significant portion of the reported combinatorial data are being produced using solid phase organic synthesis. In contrast to indirect strategies where the tethered structures were released from the support into solution to undergo standard mass spectrometric analyses, static - secondary ion mass spectrometry (S-SIMS) has enabled the identification of support-bound molecules without any chemical treatment of the resin bead. Such non-destructive characterization was applied at the bead level and facilitated the step-by-step monitoring of solid-phase peptide syntheses. Side-reactions were also detected. The relevance of S-SIMS in the rehearsal phase of combinatorial chemistry is demonstrated by comparison with infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, the two other techniques investigated in that field. An alternative to solid-phase synthesis consists of assembling molecules on a soluble polymer. This methodology is termed liquid-phase synthesis. Compound characterization is facilitated since the derivatized support is soluble in spectroscopic solvents used in NMR or in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The advantages and drawbacks of this approach will be discussed in terms of the direct monitoring of supported reactions during chemistry optimization and rehearsal library validation.     

微波辅助离子液体法在液相合成中的应用

作为一种新型的绿色化学合成方法,微波辅助离子液体法融合了离子液体与微波加热法的优点,具有合成快速、操作简便、产率高,绿色环保等特点,在液相合成方面体现出明显的优势。本文综述了离子液体作为微波吸收剂在液相有机合成、无机纳米材料合成方面的研究进展,对比分析了微波辅助离子液体法同多种传统方法的应用效果,阐明了该方法的优势,并展望该领域今后的发展方向。     

Polymer‐supported reagents,catalysts, and sorbents: Evolution and exploitation—A personalized view

The solid‐phase method for oligopeptide synthesis was introduced by Professor Bruce Merrifield in 1963, but in practice the origins of polymer‐supported reagents, catalysts, and so forth trace back to the early development of ion exchange and catalysis by sulfonic acid resins. This highlight summarizes how the evolution of solid‐phase organic synthesis occurred in parallel with the development of supported reactive species and indicates the interchange between these areas in the last 30 years or so. The treatment is essentially a personalized one as seen from the author's own laboratory in the United Kingdom and is not intended to review the whole field. The emergence of the international series of conferences on polymer‐supported organic chemistry is emphasized as a key development that stimulated and maintained the area before its importance was recognized more widely by both academic and industrial chemists. The requirement of robotic technologies, as the basis for high‐throughput combinatorial and parallel synthesis in the pharmaceutical industry, has brought the relevance of supported chemistry to the attention of all synthetic chemists. At the same time, the recognition that all industrial chemical processes need to meet appropriate environmental standards has focused attention on the use of heterogenized reactive species as a potentially important technology for achieving the greening of chemistry. These two factors have brought polymer‐supported reactive chemistry to center stage, so to speak, and the early principles laid down over 2 decades ago are now being developed and exploited at an amazing rate. From a rather slow start, through a number of ups and downs in its development, the area of polymer‐supported chemistry now seems poised to join the more routine world of synthesis and to become a methodology used by all as and when appropriate. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2364–2377, 2001