手性γ-氨基酸:5-羟基-3-氨基环己基甲酸的不对称合成

以光学纯的(1S,5S)-5-叔丁氧羰基氨基-3-环己烯基甲酸为原料,经立体选择性地碘代内酯化、脱碘、醇解、水解、酯化5步反应首次合成了两个光学纯的γ-氨基酸衍生物——(1R,3S,5R)-5-羟基-3-叔丁氧羰基氨基环己基甲酸甲酯(总收率36.7%)和(1R,3S,5R)-5-羟基-3-叔丁氧羰基氨基环己基甲酸苄酯(总收率35.2%),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和ESI-HR-MS确证。     

(4R)-5,5-二甲基-4-苄硫甲基-2-噁唑烷酮的合成

以价廉易得的天然L-半胱氨酸为原料,经巯基保护、酯化、氨基保护、格氏反应及环化等5步反应,合成了一个新的手性助剂(4R)-5,5-二甲基-4-苄硫甲基-2-噁唑烷酮,总收率31%.产物结构经IR,~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR及MS表征.     

(4R,5R)-1,3-二氧戊环-2,2-二苯基-4,5-二-[亚甲基-N,N'-(1-甲基-4-羟基苯甲醛)]的合成及其催化性能

以L-酒石酸和二苯甲酮为原料,经酯化、缩酮、加成、消除、还原和缩合等反应合成了一种新型席夫碱类化合物——(4R,5R)-1,3-二氧戊环-2,2-二苯基-4,5-二-[亚甲基-N,N'-(1-甲基-4-羟基苯甲醛)](4),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和LC-MS表征。以二烷基锌对苯甲醛的不对称加成为模板反应,考察了4的不对称催化性能。实验结果表明,4对该反应具有一定的催化效果(ee值52%)。     

含吡啶基的C2轴对称手性配体的合成

以L-酒石酸、2-吡啶甲酸、烟酸、异烟酸为原料,通过酯化、缩合、还原等反应合成了5个C2轴对称含吡啶基的手性多齿配体:(4S,5S)-1,3-二氧戊环-2,2-二甲基-4,5-二吡啶酰胺(5a～5e),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和MS表征。合成方法具有条件温和、反应时间较短、产率较高等优点。     

新型多氧取代环己烯酮的合成

以莽草酸为起始原料,经酯化、丙酮叉保护顺式邻二羟基、叔丁基二甲硅烷保护羟基、还原、羟基酯化、脱保护基、保护反式邻二羟基、烯丙醇氧化,脱保护基共9步反应,合成了新型(5R,6S)-3-苯甲酰氧基亚甲基-5,6-二羟基-2-环己烯-1-酮,总产率19.3％,其结构经1H NMR,IR和HR-MS表征.     

(5-甲基-2-烷氧基苯基)-1-烃基胺的合成

以对甲酚(1)为起始原料,经醚化、酰化和还原氨化反应合成了5个(5-甲基-2-乙氧基苯基)-1-烃基胺;1经酯化、Fries重排、醚化和还原氨化反应合成了5个(5-甲基-2-甲氧基苯基)-1-烃基胺.其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和GC-MS表征.     

新型碳苷糖类维生素D_2衍生物的合成

以D-葡萄糖为原料,经碳苷化反应,酰化反应和脯氨酸-DIPEA催化的aldol反应制得2个碳苷糖[1-(4'-羟基苯基)-4-C-β-四乙酰基葡萄糖基-3-烯-2-酮(5a)和1-(3-羟基苯基)-4-C-β-四乙酰基葡萄糖基-3-烯-2-酮(5b)];5与琥珀酸维生素D2经Steglich酯化反应合成了2个新型碳苷糖类维生素D2衍生物,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-ESI-MS表征。     

盐酸巴尼地平的合成工艺改进

3-羟基丙腈与双乙烯酮反应后与间硝基苯甲醛和3-氨基巴豆酸甲酯经"一锅煮"反应制得中间体2,6-二甲基-4-(间硝基苯基)-1,4-二氢吡啶-5-羧酸甲酯-3-羧酸(4);4用奎尼丁拆分得(R)-4;(R)-4与(S)-N-苄基-3-羟基吡咯烷经酯化和成盐反应合成了盐酸巴尼地平,总收率12.7%,其结构经1H NMR,IR和ESI-MS确证。     

氯吡格雷类似物的合成及其抗血小板聚集活性

α-溴代邻氯苯乙酸经酯化反应后再与4,5,6,7-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶发生取代反应合成氯吡格雷类似物(4b～4e);2-(2-氯苯基)-2-(4,5,6,7-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-5-基)乙酸(4a)经酯化反应合成4f～4k;4f与AgNO3反应制得4l;4a经酰胺化制得另外两个氯吡格雷类似物(5c和5m).4和5的其结构经1H NMR,IR和MS表征.初步生物活性测试结果表明:4和5均有一定的抗血小板聚集作用,其中4g和4b尤其突出,对大鼠血小板聚集的抑制百分率分别为46.1%和38.2%.     

一种新型噁唑烷酮类抗生素的合成

以2,4-二溴吡啶为原料,经Weinreb酰胺酰化、Noyori不对称氢转移反应、脱Boc保护基、环化、Suzuki偶联、磷酸单酯化及成盐共七步反应制得一种新型噁唑烷酮类抗生素【【(3R,3aS)-7-{6-［(S)3-甲基-2-噁唑烷酮-5-基］吡啶-3-基}-1-氧-1,3,3a,4-四氢苯并［b］噁唑［3,4-d］［1,4］噁嗪-3-基】甲基】磷酸单酯二钠盐,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS（ESI）确征,总收率7%,纯度99.7%。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。