微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定汽油中痕量铜和铁

采用微波消解方法处理汽油样品,用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法（MPT—AES）测定消解液中的铜和铁含量。考察了微波功率、载气流量、工作气流量、酸效应、共存离子等实验参数对测定铜和铁的影响,并进行了系统优化,测得铜和铁的检出限分别为2．1ng／mL和22．1ng／ml。线性范围分别为0．01～12μg/mL和0．1～100μg／mL。详细考察了微波消解酸种类及用量,消解温度、运行时间及微波功率等对微波消解的影响。结果表明,各元素测定结果的RSD均小于3．5％,铜的回收率为93％-107％,铁的回收率为92％-106％。与传统的碘-二甲苯-硝酸反萃取处理法相比,此法具有元素损失少,操作简单,无需使用有毒氧化剂,减少污染,改善工作环境等优点,是行之有效的汽油样品预处理方法。     

微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱测定啤酒中的铜、锌、铁、锰、硒、锶

建立了微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱(MPT-AES)法测定啤酒中微量元素。考察了微波前向功率、工作气流量、载气流量等参数,确定了MPT-AES法测定各元素的最佳实验条件。在该条件下铜、锌、铁、锰、硒、锶的检出限分别为7ng.mL-1、46ng.mL-1、13ng.mL-1、8ng.mL-1、1.2ng.mL-1、5.6ng.mL-1。相对标准偏差(RSD)均在0.9%～4.8%之间,线性范围分别为0.1～100μg.mL-1、0.5～100μg.mL-1、0.5～100μg.mL-1、0.1～100μg.mL-1、0.01～10μg.mL-1、0.05～100μg.mL-1,加标回收率均在96%～110%之间。     

微波消解MPT-AES测定催化剂中的铈

研究了微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法(MPT-AES)测定催化剂中稀土元素铈的方法。详细考察了测定铈时的实验参数，进行了系统优化。催化剂处理采用了微波消解技术。方法的检出限为2．56μg／mL，相对标准偏差(n=11)为4．37％，线性范围为20～250μg／mL，回收率在90％～ll0％之间。实验结果表明微波消解和MPT-AES联用可成为测定催化剂中铈含量的简单、快速、准确的分析方法。     

微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定膨化食品中铅和铝

膨化食品样品经微波消解处理,用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法(MPT-AES)测定其中铅和铝的含量。详细考察了分析谱线、微波功率、载气流量、工作气流量等实验参数对元素测定的影响,在最佳条件下测得铅和铝的检出限分别为4.7ng/mL和20.8ng/mL,其线性范围分别为0.01~20μg/mL和0.5~300μg/mL,样品加标回收率为96.4%~104.1%,精密度为1.06%~4.65%。结果表明,MPT-AES测定膨化食品中铅和铝的含量方法简便、高效、消耗试剂少、污染少、准确度高。     

微波等离子体炬发射光谱法测定镉的研究

本文提出了一种灵敏测定痕量镉的微波等离子体炬发射光谱法(MPTAES)。探讨了微波等离子体炬(MPT)光源的一些基本特性.采用电热蒸发微量进样装置进样,详细考察了各种实验参数对测定镉的影响.在228.8nm处测定镉,检出限为0.28ng/mL.实际样品的测定结果是令人满意的.     

微波消解–电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铀合金中铌、钼、锆

建立微波消解–电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铀合金中铌、钼、锆。铀铌钼锆合金样品经8 mL HNO_3 (1+1)和2 mL HF微波消解并稀释处理后,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定合金样品中铌、钼、锆含量,研究了铀浓度在0～30 μg/L时对铌、钼、锆元素直接测定的影响。铌、钼、锆的质量浓度在各自的范围内与其质谱响应值线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999。铌、钼、锆的加标回收率为96.10%～105.00%,测定结果的标准偏差为0.74%～2.71%(n=6)。该方法流程简单,无需分离基体元素,可实现铀合金中铌、钼、锆元素的快速测定。     

气动雾化进样-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定催化剂中铜和钠

研究了用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法(MPT-AES)测定催化剂中铜和钠含量的方法. 考察了测定铜和钠的实验参数, 选择了测定的最佳条件, 并考察了共存离子的干扰情况. 催化剂使用压力溶弹处理, 并用标准加入法来消除基体干扰. 实验结果表明, 铜和钠的检出限分别为2.0、 4.2 μg/L, 方法的RSD均小于2.2%, 线性范围分别为0.01～12.0 mg/L和0.02～8.0 mg/L. 样品测定的RSD均小于2.9%, 加标回收率均在96.1%～102%之间.     

微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镍精矿中10种金属元素

采用微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定镍精矿样品中铝、钙、钴、铬、铜、锰、镁、镍、铅、锌等10种金属元素的含量。0.200 0g试样置于消解罐中,先后加入盐酸2mL、硝酸6mL及氢氟酸1mL,密闭罐盖按设定的微波消解程序进行消解。试验选择铝、钙、钴、铬、铜、镁、锰、铅、锌和镍的分析线分别为308.215,317.933,228.616,267.716,324.745,279.079,257.610,220.353,206.200,231.604nm,配制工作曲线时采用基体匹配的方法消除基体干扰。方法用于镍钴矿标准样品(GBW 07283)和镍精矿实际样品的分析,此方法的测定值与认定值及国标方法的测定值相一致。方法的回收率在95.8%～103.1%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于4.5%。     

MPT-AES法同时测定航空润滑油中铁、银和镍

用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法(MPT-AES)同时测定未使用过的航空润滑油中铁、银和镍的方法。详细考察了微波功率、载气流量、工作气流量、氧屏蔽气压力等实验参数对铁、银和镍发射强度的影响,并进行了系统优化。测得铁、银和镍的检出限分别为21.94ng/mL0、.36ng/mL9、.82ng/mL,线性范围分别为0.1~100μg/mL、0.001~8μg/mL、0.05~8μg/mL,各元素测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于3.95%,回收率在93.1%~107.4%之间。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定固体中兽药制剂中金属元素

为了实现对固体中兽药制剂中金属元素的准确测定,采用硝酸-双氧水及微波消解进行样品前处理,消解后置消解管于赶酸仪中170℃赶酸,采用微波消解和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-OES）法相结合对固体中兽药制剂中铬、砷、镉、铅、钠、镁、钾、锰、铁、铜、锌、硒、钙、磷等14种元素同时测定,轴向观测方向,内标法定量。消解及赶酸效果理想,整个过程安全、高效、无损。对消解方式进行了考察,并对消解酸体系及消解温度进行了优化,选择了最优的赶酸温度及元素分析谱线,同时也通过试剂加标回收、样品加标回收、样品处理液加标回收相比较的方式验证了方法的可行性。结果表明,铅、镉、铬、砷在0.001～0.01 μg/mL,锰、铜、硒在0.002～0.02 μg/mL,铁、锌在0.1～1.0 μg/mL,镁、钙在1.0～10.0 μg/mL,钠、钾、磷在2.0～50.0 μg/mL之间线性关系良好,相关系数（r）均大于0.9990,各元素方法检出限在0.1～1.0 mg/kg之间,平均回收率在90.0%～110.0%,精密度RSD小于10%（n=5）。该方法前处理简便快捷,干扰小,重现性好,灵敏度高,可同时测定多种元素,满足批量测定固体中兽药制剂中铬、砷、镉、铅、钠、镁、钾、锰、铁、铜、锌、硒、钙、磷等14种元素定量分析的要求。     

Microwave plasma torch analytical atomic spectrometry

The microwave plasma torch (MPT), as a relative new source, has found extensive use in atomic spectrometry. In this review, the fundamental features and characteristics of the MPT are summarized and compared with other kinds of analytical atomic sources, such as the more popularly used inductively coupled plasma (ICP), the direct current plasma (DCP), as well as other kinds of microwave plasmas (MWPs). Since the MPT offers some attractive features, it has been used as an excitation source for atomic emission spectrometry (MPT-AES), including the atomic emission detection (AED) for gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). Also, it has been used either as an ionization source for atomic mass spectrometry (MPT-AMS) or an atomization source for atomic fluorescence spectrometry (MPT-AFS). The historical development and recent improvements in these MPT atomic spectrometric techniques are evaluated with emphasis on the analytical advantages and limitations. In addition, the future research directions and the application prospects of MPT atomic spectrometry (MPT-AS) are discussed.     

Microwave Flow Chemistry as a Methodology in Organic Syntheses,Enzymatic Reactions,and Nanoparticle Syntheses

Several studies have used microwaves as a heat source for carrying out various types of reactions employing circulation reaction vessels. The microwave flow chemical synthesis methodology is most appropriate in the use of microwaves in chemical syntheses. It can attenuate the problem of microwave heating (non‐uniform heating and penetration depth) and maximize the benefits (rapid heating and first temperature adjustments). In this brief review, we examine and explain some of the relevant features of microwave heating with applicative examples of the usage of microwave flow chemistry equipment in carrying out organic syntheses, enzymatic reactions, and (not least) nanoparticle syntheses.     

Microwave mediated hydrogen deuterium exchange: a rapid synthesis of H-substituted benzimidazole

Deuterium aromatic substituted compounds were prepared by microwave irradiation of the parent unlabeled compounds in the presence of deuterium oxide and deuterium chloride. The percentage of deuterium incorporation was investigated under various reaction conditions. A rapid synthesis of ²H-substituted benzimidazole under microwave irradiation is described.     

Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted 3H-quinazolin-4-ones

A practical synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted 3H-quinazolin-4-ones 1 with broad chemistry scope is described. The key step is the microwave promoted one-pot, two-step reaction sequence combining anthranilic acids, carboxylic acids, and amines providing efficient access to this important class of heterocycles.     

调控微波等离子体能量进行药片活性分子结构的质谱分析

采用微波等离子体质谱(MPT-MS)技术,对替硝唑和马来酸氯苯那敏药片进行快速质谱分析.通过调控等离子体能量,在一级谱图中可得到目标物的准分子离子及丰富的碎片离子,这些碎片离子与其对应串联质谱数据基本一致,甚至更加丰富;结合标准品比对分析,最终确定这些碎片离子来自目标物而非基质.因此,MPT兼具硬电离和软电离性质,采用MPT-MS技术从一级质谱图中获得的数据可对药片中活性分子的结构进行鉴定.该方法具有快速、准确及环保等特点,在发展MPT与简单的质量分析器联用,实现质谱仪的小型化等方面有广阔的应用前景.     

微波辅助提取（MAE）研究进展

在过去的十几年来,微波能已广泛应用于食品加工、农业,林业,轻工业,医疗卫生,橡胶和塑料的固化,陶瓷烧结,提取冶金,有机合成,生物样品水解,微波辅助提取等领域。特别是微波辅助提取技术近年来发展较快,引起化学工作者的极大兴趣。本文初步探讨了微波加热的机理,特点及近十年来微波辅助提取研究和应用的进展,并展望了微波辅助提取的发展前景。     

微波在分析化学及有机合成中的应用

综述了近10年来微波技术在分析化学和有机合成中的应用，着重介绍了微波消解在分析化学和微波辐射在有机合成反应中的应用进展。     

Microwave Heating Outperforms Conventional Heating for a Thermal Reaction that Produces a Thermally Labile Product: Observations Consistent with Selective Microwave Heating

Microwave (MW) heating is more effective than conventional (CONV) heating for promoting a high‐temperature oxidative cycloisomerization reaction that was previously reported as a key step in a total synthesis of the natural product illudinine. The thermal reaction pathway as envisioned is an inverse electron‐demand dehydro‐Diels–Alder reaction with in situ oxidation to generate a substituted isoquinoline, which itself is unstable to the reaction conditions. Observed reaction yields were higher at a measured bulk temperature of 200 °C than at 180 °C or 220 °C; at 24 hours than at earlier or later time points; and when the reaction solution was heated using MW energy as opposed to CONV heating with a metal heat block. Selective MW heating of polar solute aggregates is postulated to explain these observations.     

Microwave-Promoted Rapid Synthesis of 1-Aryl-1,2,3-Triazoles

1, 2, 4- and 1, 2, 3-triazole derivatives have found wide applications as plant growth regulators1, bactericides and medical fungicides2, insecticides3 and in dyeing and color development4.One of the general routes of synthesis of 1-aryl-1, 2, 3-triazoles was to treat aryl azides with a-keto phosphorus ylides in dry refluxing benzene for 0.5 to 2 days5. Herein we report, for the first time, a very quick and simple, microwave-promoted synthesis of 1-aryl-1, 2, 3-triazoles 3 from aryl azides 1 an…