手征夸克模型下udss四夸克态的研究

在手征SU(3)夸克模型和扩展的手征SU(3)夸克模型的框架下, 用变分的方法系统地研究了同位旋为0、1, 自旋宇称为0⁺、1⁺和2⁺的udss四夸克系统6个低组态的能量. 模型的参数取自以前的工作, 它能很好地描述核子-核子散射相移以及核子-超子散射截面. S道相互作用的参数由拟合K介子和K^*介子的质量定出, 并且考虑了具有相同量子数的态之间的态混合效应. 结果表明, 同位旋为0且自旋宇称为1⁺的udss能量低于相应的K^*K^*,的阈能, 且该组态中KK^*的成分相当小, 因此该组态的宽度可能较小, 可视为一个可能的四夸克态的候选者.     

高能质子-核和核-核碰撞中末态作用对K+/π+比的影响

π介子与周围核子发生次级碰撞可以改变K⁺/π⁺比.本文用Glauber模型计算在质子-核和核-核碰撞中的K⁺/π⁺比.计算表明,末态相互作用对K⁺/π⁺比的效应是重要的.     

关于K+介子和核子的弹性散射

本文用塔姆-唐可夫近似解K⁺介子和核子的弹性散射问题,得到了K介子实验室动能400Mev以下的相移截面和能量的关系,并和实验及前人的理论结果作了比较。计算中较严格考虑了核子反冲效应,指出了在考虑了反冲效应后能使理论曲线在高能端更与实验曲线接近。同时就Λ-K和∑-K的各种可能的宇称情况进行了分析,排斥了相对宇称皆正的可能,并指出Λ-K和∑-K的相对宇称选取不同的符号和二者皆取负号一样,能符合K⁺-p散射实验,但在分析K⁺-n散射时仍遇到困难。     

重离子碰撞中的K介子流

用量子分子动力学(QMD)模型研究了中能重离子碰撞中的K⁺介子流. 计算结果显出, 实验数据只能与计入由手征拉格朗日导出的K⁺平均场势的结果相符合.这表明, K⁺介子边流的形式是对在核介质中K⁺位势的一个有效的探针.     

KK强相互作用束缚态及K+K－原子态的研究

讨论了KK的强相互作用单介子交换势, 发现当考虑动量平方项时, 仅由单介子(ρ,ω,φ)交换势, 不足以构成束缚态. K⁺K^－在库仑势的作用下可以形成束缚态, 我们进一步计算了单介子交换势对K⁺K^－库仑势束缚态能级的影响以及K⁺K^－束缚态衰变到ππ和ηπ的宽度.     

中能K+核弹性散射光学势参数

采用包含库仑场影响的一级修正的eikonal相移研究了入射动量为715MeV/C的K⁺介子与⁶Li、¹²C核散射及入射动量为800MeV/c的K⁺介子与(12)C、⁴⁰Ca核散射的微分截面,通过理论微分截面与相应实验数据的拟合,得到了最佳光学势参数,为K⁺核散射的微观研究提供一定依据.用得到的光学势计算了相应散射过程的总截面,并与实验值作了比较.     

C,Al,Cu,Sn,Pb等原子核对高能π+,K+介子及质子的吸收截面

在联合原子核研究所同步稳相加速器上,研究了高能π⁺、K⁺介子和原子核的相互作用。利用角度式气体契连科夫速度选择器,选择出纯度约达99％的K⁺介子束。测量了C,Al,Cu,Sn,Pb等原子核对动量为2.72,3.70,4.75Бэв/с的π⁺介子的吸收截面;C,Al,Cu等原子核对动量为4.75Бэв/с的K⁺介子的吸收截面;C,Sn,Pb等原子核对动量为2.72Бэв/с的质子的吸收截面。利用光学模型,对所得的数据进行了分析。根据π⁺介子数据得到的原子核半径公式,与T.Bowen根据π^-介子的测量数据所得结果不同,而和由低能中子散射工作所得结果(R=1.37A^1/3×10^-13厘米)相符。根据K⁺介子数据得到,高能K⁺介子与核子相互作用全截面的平均值应为σ_KN=16.5毫巴。     

相对论性核碰撞中K+/π+增强的输运模型解释

提出了一个研究相对论性核碰撞中K⁺/π⁺增强的简单的强子输运模型,指出了核子热运动和多次再散射效应的重要性.考虑了多次再散射,在合理的温度范围内(T～150MeV),可得到与实验相符合的K+/π+比值(～0.20).     

同位旋守恒对奇异性产生的约束

考虑同位旋守恒约束和奇异夸克的产生压低,研究了高能pp碰撞中的K/π比值,给出了K⁺/π⁺和K^－/π^－与末态产生粒子多重数之间的关系,并提出采用一个近似与参数无关的(K⁺/π⁺)/(K^－/π^－)比值来反映这一过程中同位旋守恒的约束.     

核子结构对质子俘获μ- 介子的影响

本文指出由于费曼—盖尔曼理论中弱相互作用与电磁相互作用的相似性,矢量耦合部分对质子俘获μ^-介子的贡献与核子的电磁形状因子相联系。本文给出了在重正化的V-A弱作用下质子俘获μ^-介子几率的公式,并根据电子核子散射的实验结果估计了核子的电荷、磁矩分布对μ^-介子俘获几率中矢量耦合部分贡献的修正。     

Role of the Coulomb interaction in the flow and the azimuthal distribution of kaons from heavy ion reactions

Coulomb final-state interaction of positive charged kaons in heavy ion reactions and its impact on the kaon transverse flow and the kaon azimuthal distribution are investigated within the framework of QMD (quantum molecular dynamics) model. The Coulomb interaction is found to tend to draw the flow of kaons away from that of nucleons and lead to a more isotropic azimuthal distribution of kaons in the target rapidity region. The recent FOPI data have been analyzed by taking into account both the Coulomb interaction and a kaon in-medium potential of the strong interaction. Although the effect of the kaon Coulomb potential on the kaon flow and azimuthal distribution is much smaller than that of the strong potential, it is found to be visible, and therefore, should be taken into account if one wants to extract unambiguous information about the kaon strong potential in nuclear matter from the kaon flow and azimuthal distribution data.     

K<Superscript>+</Superscript> production in proton-nucleus reactions and the role of momentum-dependent potentials

The production of K⁺-mesons in proton-nucleus collisions from 1.0 to 2.5GeV is analyzed with respect to one-step nucleon-nucleon ( NN → NYK ⁺) and two-step Δ-nucleon ( ΔN → K ⁺ YN) or pion-nucleon ( πN → K ⁺ Y) production channels on the basis of a coupled-channel transport approach (CBUU) including the kaon final-state interactions. The influence of momentum-dependent potentials for the nucleon, hyperon and kaon in the final state are studied as well as the importance of K⁺ elastic rescattering in the target nucleus. The transport calculations are compared to the experimental K⁺ spectra taken at LBL Berkeley, SATURNE, CELSIUS, GSI and COSY-Jülich. It is found that the momentum-dependent baryon potentials affect the excitation function of the K⁺ cross-section; at low bombarding energies of ∼ 1.0GeV the attractive baryon potentials in the final state lead to a relative enhancement of the kaon yield, whereas the net repulsive potential at bombarding energies ∼ 2GeV causes a decrease of the K⁺ cross-section. Furthermore, it is pointed out that especially the K⁺ spectra at low momenta (or kinetic energy T _K) allow to determine the in-medium K⁺ potential almost model independently due to a relative shift of the K⁺ spectra in kinetic energy that arises from the acceleration of the kaons when propagating out of the nuclear medium to free space, i.e. converting the potential energy to the kinetic energy of the free kaon. Received: 28 January 2002 / Accepted: 3 June 2002 / Published online: 19 November 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: Wolfgang.Cassing@theo.physik.uni-giessen.de Communicated by P. Schuck     

Antikaon production and medium effects in heavy-ion collisions at AGS

Antikaon production in heavy-ion collisions at energies available from the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory is studied in a relativistic transport (ART) model. We include contributions from the baryon-baryon, meson-baryon, and meson-meson interactions. The final-state interaction of antikaons via both absorption and elastic scattering by nucleons and pions are also considered. To compare with presently available or future experimental data, we have calculated the antikaon rapidity and transverse momentum distributions as well as its collective flow. Medium effects on these observables due to mean field potentials have also been investigated. It is found that both the ratio of antikaon transverse momentum spectrum to that of kaon and their transverse flow are most sensitive to the in-medium properties of kaons and antikaons.     

高密核物质中核子的运动对于K介子的等效质量和能量的影响

本文对比分析了目前用于研究K介子产生与演化的不同动力学模型中,高温高密核物质中K⁺介子和K^-介子的等效质量和它所感受到的平均场.所得结果显示:在关于K介子的一般的平均场理论中,所定义的K⁺介子的等效质量随着核物质密度的增大而增加, K^-介子的等效质量随着核物质密度的增大而减小;但在K介子演化的协变动力学模型中,所采用的K⁺介子和K^-介子等效质量是随着核物质密度的增大都是减小的 关键词： 高密核物质 K介子 等效质量 核子运动     

中能重离子碰撞中K介子产生动力学研究(英文)

基于兰州量子分子动力学(LQMD)模型研究了阈能附近K介子(K0和K+)产生动力学机制。LQMD模型能够较好地描述中能重离子碰撞中K介子产额分布。通过拟合K介子动能谱分布,计算中采用了排斥的K-核子相互作用势。该光学势增强了高动量K介子产生,而降低了K介子总产额。结合实验数据比较,在高密区域给出了较软的对称核物质状态方程。对称能的软硬对K0/K+比值起着重要作用,特别是在阈下区域。而K介子光学势对K0/K+比值激发函数影响不明显。     

Collective flow of K~+ mesons in heavy-ion collisions predicted by the covariant Kaon dynamics

The directed and elliptic flow of positively charged kaons produced in5828Ni+5828Ni reactions at incident kinetic energy 1.91 AGe V are studied within the covariant kaon dynamics and compared to new data. We observe that the influence of the Lorentz force on the directed and differential directed flow of K+mesons is obvious. Our calculated results indicate that it is necessary for the Lorentz force to be included in the kaon dynamics in order to reasonably describe experimental data.     

Medium modifications of kaons in pion matter

Kaon in-medium masses and mean-field potentials are calculated in isotopically symmetric pion matter to one loop of chiral perturbation theory. The results are extended to BNL RHIC temperatures using experimental data on piK scattering phase shifts. The kaon in-medium broadening results in an acceleration of the phi-->K(-)K decay. The increased apparent dilepton branching of the phi mesons, observed recently by the NA50, NA49, and PHENIX Collaborations at RHIC, is interpreted in terms of rescattering of secondary kaons inside the pion matter.     

Photonuclear reactions from correlated nucleon pairs (II)

A derivation of an expression for the cross section of the photoexcitation of correlated nucleon pairs in a nucleus is given. The final-state wave functions which are obtained from a solution of the Brueckner reaction matrix can be related to the scattering of free nucleons in a vacuum. Some results are presented and include the energy distribution and cross sections of the excited nucleons. An expression for the cross section of the giant dipole resonance is derived purely from the presence of the microscopic two-body forces in nuclei. These cross sections agree with experiment for a particular choice of the final-state single-particle spectrum.     

Rescattering and neutron-proton final-state interaction in the 12C(d,pn)12C reaction

The ¹²C(d, pn)¹²C reaction has been studied in a kinematically complete experiment at several energies and angles suitable for observing proton-neutron rescattering and sequential decay final-state interactions (FSI), with the aim of investigating the relative importance of the two reaction mechanisms. An increase of yield has been observed for all spectra in the region of low relative proton-neutron energy where both rescattering and sequential decay leading to the ¹S₀ final-state interaction are possible. No consistent fits to the data using only the rescattering graph were found and interference with other diagrams must be assumed to occur. The effect of isospin non-conservation is discussed. It is concluded that no reported measurements on this reaction require an exclusive interpretation in terms of a rescattering mechanism and therefore no reliable information on nuclear lifetimes can be obtained from these experiments.     

In-Medium Kaon Potential and Nuclear Equation of State Measured in Nucleus–Nucleus Collisions

The kaon production in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies provides a sensitive probe to study the in-medium properties and nuclear equation of state of hadrons. Properties of kaons in dense hadronic matter are important for a better understanding of both, the possible restoration of chiral symmetry in dense hadronic matter and the properties of nuclear matter at high densities. We investigated the in-medium kaon potential and nuclear equation of state by transverse mass spectra of K ⁺ mesons in heavy ion collisions. We use quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) models based on covariant kaon dynamics to simulate ${_{28}^{58}Ni +_{28}^{58}Ni}$ collisions at 1.93 A GeV, to analyze the transverse mass spectra of K ⁺. Calculated results with a repulsive in-medium K ⁺N potential can reasonably describe the features of KaoS data. They also shown that the transverse mass spectrum of K ⁺ mesons is a sensitive observable to probe the kaon in-medium potential in dense nuclear matter.