取向、结晶、γ辐照聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)驻极体的陷阱性质

用拉伸、热处理和γ射线辐照的方法制备了一系列具有不同平面取向度、不同结晶度和不同分子链长度的PET试样.随平面取向度、结晶度和辐照剂量的增大,平均陷阱深度加深.由拉伸取向形成的结构陷阱俘获载流子能力随取向度增大而提高;由γ辐照形成的结构陷阱对俘获载流子的限制能力随辐照剂量增大而降低;由热结晶形成的结构陷阱俘获载流子能力在结晶度为20％时达到极值.提出了相应的三种陷阱模型.     

取向、结晶、γ辐照聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)驻极体的陷阱性质

 用拉伸、热处理和γ射线辐照的方法制备了一系列具有不同平面取向度、不同结晶度和不同分子链长度的PET试样.随平面取向度、结晶度和辐照剂量的增大,平均陷阱深度加深.由拉伸取向形成的结构陷阱俘获载流子能力随取向度增大而提高;由γ辐照形成的结构陷阱对俘获载流子的限制能力随辐照剂量增大而降低;由热结晶形成的结构陷阱俘获载流子能力在结晶度为20％时达到极值.提出了相应的三种陷阱模型.     

陷阱态对Ag-TiO2光诱导界面电荷转移的影响:电化学、光电化学和光谱表征(英文)

在基于金属-半导体异质结构的等离激元介导化学反应中,了解其中的电荷转移和复合机制进而调控界面、提高界面电荷分离,对于提高等离激元催化反应效率至关重要。但电化学体系中固液界面上的等离激元光电催化反应是一个多过程、多时间尺度、多影响因素的复杂体系,光生载流子在界面间传递机制的研究仍面临着巨大的挑战。由于光电化学信号的产生和变化包含了诸多体相和界面过程,因此光电化学方法是探究等离激元催化反应过程中的界面电荷转移机制的有效手段之一。本文合成了TiO₂和Ag-TiO₂纳米粒子,以光电化学方法作为主要研究手段,并结合电化学和各种谱学表征手段,探究了电极陷阱态对界面电荷转移机制的影响。结果表明,在Ag负载在TiO₂表面后,电极的陷阱态显著增加。结合XPS以及PL光谱,陷阱态增加可主要归咎于表面羟基。陷阱态的增加导致了荧光的猝灭和光电响应的减弱,但增加的陷阱态复合过程也延长了载流子的寿命。陷阱态的调控必然会影响界面电荷转移,从而改变热载流子的数量和寿命,进而调控后续Ag界面上的等离激元反应。在反应位点位于金属的基于金属-半导体复合体系的...     

涤纶高速纺预取向丝的动态力学性质研究

本文对1500—5000米/分纺速的PET预取向丝进行动态力学试验,其α内耗峰表现为三种情况:α_1、α_2单峰及介于这两者之间的α_1、α_2峰的速加峰。这反映了随纺速增加,预取向丝非晶态结构从自由非晶态-双重非晶态-网络间非晶态的结构变化。 为了把预取向丝的分子运动与纤维成形、结构与力学性质联系起来,我们引入了分子运动参数ψ,并定义ψ=H_(max)~?W~(-b)T_(max)~(-c)。实验结果表明,分子运动参数甲与其结构参数、力学性质有很好的相关性。     

曝光强度对卤化银微晶中载流子行为及其陷阱效应的影响

针对卤化银感光材料潜影形成过程中光作用动力学问题,分析了曝光强度对光生载流子行为和电子陷阱效应的影响,认为伴随着曝光强度的增加,影响光电子衰减的因素由电子陷阱起主要作用演化到电子陷阱和复合中心共同起作用进而演化到复合中心起主要作用.     

结晶及拉伸取向对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯纤维分子运动的影响

用声频共振法在 100—430°K温度范围内研究了结晶及拉伸取向对 PET纤维分子运动的影响。在研究的温度范围内PET出现两个转变,243°K(β_c),354—383°K(α_a)。拉 伸使α_a转变显著移向高温,而β_c转变基本上不随拉伸比改变,这说明PET纤维的拉伸主要改变了非晶区分子链间的相互作用。 根据高柳的力学模型及建议的方法从α_a及β_c转变的损耗模量峯值计算了PET的“结晶度”,说明用密度法测得的结晶度反映了晶区与晶区缺陷部分的总和。     

苝酰亚胺受体的聚集形态对有机太阳电池中激子过程与电子传输的影响（英文）

末端烷基链分叉位置对苝酰亚胺(PBI)线性二联体的堆积模式具有显著影响,进而影响激子过程与载流子传输.二联体两端烷基链分叉位点紧靠苝酰亚胺能够抑制分子长程有序堆积,形成具有较少能量陷阱的无定形聚集态;而两端烷基链分叉位点远离苝酰亚胺则导致多种聚集结构共存,分子间强π-π相互作用位点成为能量陷阱.结果表明, PBI受体的聚集方式对有机太阳电池的性能产生重要影响,需要尽量减少活性层中的多种聚集结构共存以免引起激子解离受限以及载流子传输迟滞.     

氧空位浓度对氧化锌电阻阀片电学性质的影响

为研究氧空位浓度对氧化锌电阻阀片电学性质的影响,在微观层面上模拟了5种不同氧空位浓度的ZnO晶体模型.基于第一性原理计算了各模型体系的晶体结构、氧空位形成能、能带结构、态密度、载流子有效质量及电导率等.结果表明,随着氧空位浓度的增加,晶格常数和体积均随之减小,导致ZnO晶粒尺寸减小,单位厚度的晶界数量增加和压敏电压增大,氧空位形成能逐渐增大,高浓度氧空位形成越困难.在含有氧空位的体系中均产生了深能级电子陷阱,并且不同氧空位浓度产生的深能级电子陷阱俘获载流子的陷阱效应不同.在温度一定时,随着氧空位浓度的增加,ZnO的电导率逐渐减小,导电性能变弱,所得结果与实验相一致.     

贫PbI2基体的胶体量子点固体用于高效红外太阳能电池(英文)

胶体量子点(CQD)具有优异的红外光吸收能力和光谱可调特性,是用于制备高效太阳能电池最有前途的红外光电材料之一。然而,以醋酸铵(AA)为添加剂的液相配体交换会导致CQD固体中产生宽带隙PbI₂基质,其将作为电荷传输势垒,在很大程度上影响了CQD太阳能电池(CQDSC)中载流子的提取,从而影响了光伏性能。本文报道利用二甲基碘化铵(DMAI)调节CQD配体交换过程,使载流子在CQD固体中的传输势垒大幅降低。通过对CQD固体进行全面的表征和理论计算,充分揭示了DMAI和CQD之间的相互作用。结果表明,通过DMAI调节CQD配体交换过程,使CQD固体均匀堆积,提高了载流子输运性能,并且陷阱辅助复合受到显著抑制。因此,CQDSC器件中的载流子提取得到了大幅提高,能量转换效率(PCE)比用AA制备的CQDSC器件提高了17.8%。此工作为调控CQD表面化学特性提供了新的研究思路,并为降低CQD固体中载流子输运的势垒提供了可行的方法。     

多功能氨基酸衍生物钝化的高性能钙钛矿太阳能电池

采用含有羧基、氨基和苯基等多官能团的氨基酸衍生物分子(Fmoc-L-异亮氨酸,Fmoc-Ile-OH)钝化钙钛矿薄膜表面缺陷。首先,该氨基酸衍生物可降低钙钛矿薄膜中PbI₂杂质含量,并提高钙钛矿薄膜的颗粒尺寸。其次,氨基酸衍生物的引入可有效改善钙钛矿薄膜的光学特性和钙钛矿/电荷传输层界面载流子输运性能。另外,经钝化处理的钙钛矿太阳能电池表现出更优的器件二极管理想因子、更低的陷阱填充极限电压和更高的载流子复合电阻,这些结果证实了Fmoc-Ile-OH可有效钝化钙钛矿薄膜表面缺陷。最后,通过工艺条件优化,制得了转化效率为21.09%的高效钙钛矿太阳能电池器件,其性能远优于对照组器件的效率(18.00%)。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.