含氟聚丙烯酸酯乳液的合成、表征及其应用

以高交联性能的丙烯酸-4-羟基丁酯(4HBA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(G04)等为聚合单体,通过延迟滴加氟单体的核壳乳液聚合工艺,合成了表面富含氟元素的含氟聚丙烯酸酯。采用红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪、原子力显微镜、X光电子能谱仪及接触角测定仪表征了其性能与结构。分析结果表明:当G04质量为聚合单体总质量的20%时,聚合物干膜对水、油的接触角分别为94°和81°,表面能为31 J/m~2,交联单体4HBA的最佳用量为w(4HBA)=4%,该乳液在成膜过程中,氟元素优先向膜表面富集。     

一种耐高温氟化聚二氮杂萘酮芳醚憎水材料的合成及性能

由五氟苯肼和2-(4-羟基苯甲酰)苯甲酸制备了AB-型双官能团单体4-(4-羟基苯基)-2-五氟苯基-二氮杂萘酮,以苯做带水剂,在K2CO3的催化下温和的反应条件下通过自身亲核缩聚反应合成了结构规整的氟化聚二氮杂萘酮芳醚材料.用傅里叶衰减全反射红外光谱(FTIR ATR)、氢谱(1H-NMR)、氟谱(19F-NMR)对材料的结构进行了表征.该聚合物的玻璃化转变温度Tg为316℃,Td,5 wt％为491℃,具有良好的热性能;该聚合物薄膜样品测试结果表明该材料具有高的力学性能和绝缘性,拉伸强度超过了60 MPa,表面电阻率为1.8×1015Ω/m2,体积电阻率为5.6×1012Ω/m3;该聚合物在DMAc,DMF,DMSO,NMP,1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷,四氢呋喃,氯仿,吡啶和环丁砜中有良好的溶解性,可加工得到光滑、硬韧的膜;利用表面接触角测定仪考察了不同溶剂体系所得膜材料的表面性能,用DMAc制备膜的接触角为93.3°,用氯仿制备膜的接触角为92.5°,用THF制备膜的接触角为127.1°,接触角大于聚四氟乙烯(112°),且所有考察溶剂中所得膜的接触角都大于90°,具有较好的憎水性.     

氟硅协同改性丙烯酸树脂的合成与防污性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(FMA)、甲基丙烯酸聚二甲基硅氧烷基酯(SMA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯和丙烯酸乙酯为共聚单体,通过溶液聚合反应合成出侧链含有机氟、有机硅的丙烯酸树脂.通过核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、核磁共振氟谱(19F-NMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)对聚合物的结构进行了表征.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、接触角测试和生物评价等方法,探讨了FMA、SMA含量对树脂涂膜性能的影响.结果表明氟硅改性的丙烯酸树脂比单独含氟或含硅改性的丙烯酸树脂具有更低的表面能,而且氟硅改性的丙烯酸树脂涂膜比商业化的聚硅氧烷涂膜具有更好的防污性能.     

不饱和糖功能单体接枝聚氨酯膜的制备及其血液相容性

通过葡萄糖、丙烯酸羟乙酯和丁二胺反应,制备了含不饱和双键的糖基功能单体。 采用傅里叶红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对合成的产物进行结构表征确定。 采用紫外光引发接枝聚合技术,将制备的不饱和糖单体接枝聚合到聚氨酯膜的表面,以衰减全反射模式下傅里叶红外光谱对表面接枝反应进行了确认。 通过静态水接触角实验和血小板黏附实验,分别对改性聚氨酯膜表面的亲水性和血液相容性进行了研究,结果表明,改性聚氨酯膜表面的接触角从86°降低到45°,血小板的粘附量由14.36×10³ cells/mm²减少到2.57×10³ cells/mm²,亲水性明显增强,血液相容性显著改善。     

含氟聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯核壳乳液的制备及性能

以甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯封端的水性聚氨酯作为大分子单体,与甲基丙烯酸甲酯及甲基丙烯酸全氟烷基乙基酯在乳液中进行自由基共聚合,制备出具有核壳结构的水性含氟聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯乳液。通过激光粒度分析仪、FT-IR、DSC、TGA、接触角、力学等表征手段,对乳液及其乳胶膜的结构和性能进行了研究,还着重探讨了甲基丙烯酸全氟烷基乙基酯的含量对乳胶膜性能的影响,结果表明:所制得的材料具有预期结构,并且具有优异的表面性能和力学性能,氟单体的引入使乳胶膜的表面能大大降低,而力学性能明显提高。     

ε-己内酯改性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的制备及电子束固化涂料性能研究

本文以甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、ε-己内酯及异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯为原料制备了己内酯改性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振氢谱(~1HNMR)表征了产物结构。探究了ε-己内酯链段含量对改性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂黏度的影响,并进一步对比研究了其电子束(EB)固化膜和紫外光(UV)固化膜的热机械性能、拉伸性能和涂层基本性能的差异。     

亲水单体对聚氨酯-含氟丙烯酸酯复合乳液颗粒和表面性能的影响

为了提高聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯聚合物的耐水性和耐溶剂性, 将N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)扩链的交联聚氨酯丙酮溶液作为反应介质, 以苯乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯、含氟丙烯酸酯(FA)为单体, 过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂, 通过溶液聚合相转化法制得新型阳离子聚氨酯-含氟丙烯酸酯复合乳液. 研究了MDEA对聚合物水分散液的乳胶粒径、Zeta电位以及乳胶膜表面性能的影响, 并用FTIR, TEM对聚合物的结构和乳胶粒形态进行了表征. 结果表明, MDEA的添加利于降低乳胶粒径, 但对乳胶膜的疏水性能有不利影响, 当MDEA的质量分数为13.15%时, FPUA乳胶粒的形态呈球形, 粒径约为253 nm, 乳胶膜的表面自由能低于25.1 mJ/m², 接触角衰减速率约为0.38 (º)/min. 另外, 乳胶膜的高温处理能够使表面自由能降低11.5%以上.     

吗啉二酮衍生物与L-丙交酯共聚物的体外降解性能

研究了37℃下吗啉二酮衍生物与L-丙交酯的共聚物在磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中的降解,并且与聚(L-丙交酯与乙交酯)(PLGA)的降解进行了比较。通过静滴接触角测量、扫描电镜(SEM)、X衍射(XRD)、凝胶色谱仪(GPC)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)和红外光谱(FT-IR)等方法研究了材料的亲水性、表面形貌、结晶结构、失重率、分子量和结构的变化等。结果表明:与PLGA相比,吗啉二酮衍生物与L-丙交酯的共聚物具有更好的亲水性,接触角达到了74°,降解3个月后数均分子量下降80%以上,该共聚物能够实现两组份的同步降解。     

含氟丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯共聚物的RAFT合成及表征

通过可逆加成-断链链转移(RAFT)溶液聚合,以三硫代碳酸酯为RAFT试剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,1,4-二氧六环为溶剂,制备甲基丙烯酸(2,2,2-三氟)乙酯(TFEMA)和苯乙烯(St)共聚物.详细研究了不同引发剂的用量、RAFT试剂与引发剂摩尔比以及聚合温度等实验条件对聚合反应过程的影响.通过GPC、FTIR测试共聚物的分子量、分子量分布和分子结构,并用静态接触角仪和AFM分别表征聚合物膜的接触角、表面能及膜的表面形貌.     

聚乙烯中空纤维膜组件整体远程动态等离子体流活化-诱导接枝丙烯酸

采用远程动态Ar等离子体流对聚乙烯(PE)中空纤维膜组件进行整体活化-诱导接枝丙烯酸(AA),制得亲水性能持久的PE中空纤维膜组件(PE-g-AA).这种膜表面等离子体化学改性工艺具有高效、环境友好和表面无(低)损伤等特点.大量—COOH基团的引入使得PE-g-AA组件膜丝外表面的水接触角从120°降至50°左右,且PE-g-AA膜表面的化学结构和物理形貌沿膜丝轴向变得更为均匀;在为期120 d的膜性能老化实验中,经过7次纯水过滤后,PE-g-AA组件的稳态纯水通量仍为原膜的1.5倍左右,水接触角仅恢复约8°,表明PE-g-AA膜组件具有良好亲水稳定性;同时PE-g-AA组件表现出良好的抗牛血清白蛋白污染性,清洗后其纯水通量可恢复到污染前的82%.     

Development of hydrophobic polyurethane film from structurally modified castor oil and its anticorrosive performance

Hydrophobic polyurethane (PU) films are widely used for various commercial and industrial applications due to their excellent water repelling and self-cleaning property. Nevertheless, achieving appreciable hydrophobicity in PU film is quite a challenge. Herein, we report on the development of a novel hydrophobic PU (fluorinated polyurethane [FCO-PU]) film and comprehensively evaluate its anticorrosive property. The FCO-PU was prepared by structural modification of castor oil (CO) through attachment of long fluorocarbon chains as pendant groups onto the backbone of CO. A model PU film (CO-PU) was also prepared from unmodified CO to compare the properties of FCO-PU film. All intermediate compounds, FCO-PU and CO-PU films were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. Morphological, thermal and mechanical properties of the PU films were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) studies. Successful introduction of long fluorocarbon chains into the FCO-PU film is reflected by its high hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 119.1°, compared to the model CO-PU film with a water contact angle of 84.4°. Anticorrosive properties of the PU films were evaluated by polarization technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under corrosive environment and the obtained results reveal a significant corrosion resistance (corrosion rate: 6.72 × 10⁻⁶ mm/year) behavior by the FCO-PU film. This work represents an effective strategy for the backbone modification of CO to develop novel functional PU materials.     

氨基硅油扩链改性水性聚氨酯的合成及性能研究

采用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG)、2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为原料,先制备成聚氨酯预聚体,再通过在乳化过程中以侧链氨基硅油(AEAPS)或直链氨基硅油(ATPS)扩链制得了一系列水性聚氨酯乳液,并对涂膜的红外光谱、耐水性、力学性能和表面疏水性等进行了研究。结果表明,通过氨基硅油改性的聚氨酯涂膜,在保持力学性能基本不变的情况下,其耐水性、表面疏水性等性能都有明显提高。其中,侧链氨基硅油(AEAPS)比直链氨基硅油(ATPS)具有更好的改性效果。     

氨基硅油扩链改性水性聚氨酯的研究

通过将由甲苯二异氰酸酯与聚四氢呋喃,二羟甲基丙酸反应制得的聚氨酯预聚体在低浓度氨基硅油的水乳液中扩链,合成了一种硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯水乳液,并用傅立叶红外光谱,ＥＳＣＡ能谱,接触角仪,电子拉力试验机,吸水率测定及乳液稳定性测试对其进行研究。     

提高聚氨酯表面硅橡胶涂层粘接性研究

利用表面处理并借助硅烷偶联剂大幅提高了聚氨酯/硅橡胶(PU/SR)的界面粘接性.利用红外光谱、水接触角以及表面元素分析对PU表面处理效果及偶联剂的反应效果进行检测,利用扫描电镜对材料的表面形貌及界面情况进行观察.并对不同方法得到的PU/SR界面进行剪切和振动疲劳测试以考察其粘接效果并进行比较.结果表明,经过硫酸短时处理过的PU表面生成大量羟基,使得亲水性提高,并大大增强了端异氰酸酯基硅烷偶联剂与PU的接枝反应效果.当室温缩合固化的硅橡胶预聚体涂覆到其表面后,以化学键联接在PU表面的硅烷偶联剂又可以与硅橡胶一起缩合,从而有效的提高了PU/SR的界面粘接性.     

Surface modification of high heat resistant UV cured polyurethane dispersions

To modify the surface of UV cured polyurethane dispersion (UV-PUD), fluorinated PU called surface modifying agent (SMA) was blended with base PU prior to dispersion in water. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements showed that surfaces of dispersion cast film are significantly enriched with fluorine groups. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that surface was roughened with the addition of SMA, which provided possible mechanism of increased water resistance as well as low friction coefficient of the film. On the other hand, hardness, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties indicated that the bulk properties are marginally altered by the additive amount of SMA.     

Surface modification of waterborne polyurethane

Fluorinated urethane oligomers (SMAs) having repeat unit identical to the hard segment of base polyurethane (PU) have been synthesized and blended with base PU prior to dispersion. XPS and static contact angle measurements showed that surfaces of dispersion cast film are significantly enriched with SMA although SMA and base PU were miscible in bulk phase showing a single glass transition temperature. AFM showed that surface roughness of the dispersion cast film increased over 13 times with the addition of SMA (15%) providing possible mechanism of increased water and oil resistance as well as low friction coefficient of the film.     

硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯的制备及性能

A series of novel aqueous emulsion of siloxane modified polyurethane (PU(PE-PSI)) were synthesized based on poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), polyether-grafted polysiloxane (PE PSI), 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) and 1,4 butanediol (BDO) through a direct water emulsification of triethylamine (TEA). The aqueous emulsion was transparent and had a good stability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify the structure of PU (PE PSI), indicating that the polysiloxane segment had been incorporated with polyurethane chain. Investigation of Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) and the water contact angle demonstrated that the siloxane migrated to the surface of film. The results also showed that PU(PE-PSI) was still a very good elastomer. With increasing the content of PE PSI, the resistance to water improved and tensile strength increased, while the ultimate elongation decreased slightly for the PU(PE-PSI) film.     

Interfacial structure and properties of polyurethane/poly(methylacrylate-co-styrene) coating to regenerated cellulose film

A semiinterpenetrating polymer network (IPN) containing 72 wt % polyurethane (PU) and 6 wt % poly(methylacrylate-co-styrene) [P(MA-St)] was coated onto surfaces of regenerated cellulose (RC) film, which was prepared by coagulating a cellulose cuoxam from bagasse pulp. The interfacial structures, bonding manner, and the strength of the coated film were studied by infrared (IR),¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron probe microscopy analysis (EPMA). It was shown that the RC film coated with PU/P(MA-St) has strong interfacial interactions, where covalent and hydrogen bonds are formed across the interface between cellulose and the PU/P(MA-St) coating. The interfacial structure of the coated film is regarded as a shared PU network crosslinked simultaneously with P(MA-St) and cellulose film. The tensile strength, water resistivity, and optical transmission of the coated films were considerably higher than that of the uncoated films. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35 : 2495–2501, 1997     

Characterization of a Water-Dispersed Biodegradable Polyurethane-Silk Composite Sponge Using 13C Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as Coating Material for Silk Vascular Grafts with Small Diameters

Recently, Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) has been shown to be a suitable material for vascular prostheses for small arteries. In this study, we developed a softer SF graft by coating water-dispersed biodegradable polyurethane (PU) based on polycaprolactone and an SF composite sponge on the knitted SF vascular graft. Three kinds of ¹³C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), namely carbon-13 (¹³C) cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (MAS), ¹³C dipolar decoupled MAS, and ¹³C refocused insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer (r-INEPT) NMR, were used to characterize the PU-SF coating sponge. Especially the ¹³C r-INEPT NMR spectrum of water-dispersed biodegradable PU showed that both main components of the non-crystalline domain of PU and amorphous domain of SF were highly mobile in the hydrated state. Then, the small-diameter SF artificial vascular grafts coated with this sponge were evaluated through implantation experiments with rats. The implanted PU-SF-coated SF grafts showed a high patency rate. It was confirmed that the inside of the SF grafts was covered with vascular endothelial cells 4 weeks after implantation. These results showed that the water-dispersed biodegradable PU-SF-coated SF graft created in this study could be a strong candidate for small-diameter artificial vascular graft.