含PEG的双亲性氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂防污涂层的制备及性能

以烯丙基聚乙二醇(APEG)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为共聚物单体合成了含聚乙二醇(PEG)的羟基丙烯酸预聚物(BOH),该预聚物再与α,ω-三乙氧基硅烷封端的聚二甲基硅烷低聚物(TSU)和α,ω-三乙氧基硅烷封端的全氟聚醚低聚物(PFU)通过缩合反应制得含有PEG的氟硅改性丙烯酸交联网络防污涂层.通过核磁共振氢谱(~1H-NMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)对聚合物的结构进行了表征.通过原位纳米测试系统、接触角测试和生物评价等表征方法,探讨了树脂中TSU,PFU和BOH配比对表面能、弹性模量及其生物防污性能的影响.结果表明兼具氟硅低表面能性和PEG抗蛋白吸附性能的交联网络涂层TFS-BOH-B具有好的防污性能,且随着TSU和PFU含量增加,防污性能提高.     

新型耐腐蚀含氟环氧乙烯基酯树脂的合成与性能

以含氟环氧树脂(F-EP)、丙烯酸(AA)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为单体,用顺丁烯二酸(MA)进行改性,合成了含氟环氧乙烯基酯树脂(F-EVER)。采用傅里叶红外光谱、热重分析、力学性能分析等手段对产物进行表征,研究了树脂的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:当以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为催化剂,羧基与环氧基摩尔比为0.9,MA与F-EP摩尔比大于0.1,阻聚剂质量分数为0.03%时,合成的含氟环氧乙烯基酯树脂性能较好;同时,氟元素的引入较好地增强了环氧乙烯基酯树脂的耐热性和耐化学腐蚀性能。     

聚偏氟乙烯涂料的研究

用聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)树脂制备了溶剂型氟碳涂料,筛选并优化了PVDF涂料的溶剂组成。采用丙烯酸树脂对PVDF进行改性,并研究颜填料钛白粉对涂膜性能的影响。结果表明,由甲苯、甲基异丁基酮、乙二醇乙醚乙酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单异丁酸酯及邻苯二甲酸二甲酯组成的溶剂体系的涂料综合性能比较好,而丙烯酸树脂和钛白粉的加入明显地改善了PVDF涂膜的性能。     

ε-己内酯改性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的制备及电子束固化涂料性能研究

本文以甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、ε-己内酯及异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯为原料制备了己内酯改性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振氢谱(~1HNMR)表征了产物结构。探究了ε-己内酯链段含量对改性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂黏度的影响,并进一步对比研究了其电子束(EB)固化膜和紫外光(UV)固化膜的热机械性能、拉伸性能和涂层基本性能的差异。     

核壳型含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物的合成及性能

采用饥饿态半连续种子乳液聚合方法, 在十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚(TX-10)复合乳化剂的作用下, 分别选用甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯(TFEM)、甲基丙烯酸六氟正丁酯(HFBM)和甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(DFHM)为含氟单体, 合成以丙烯酸正丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和含氟单体为原料的核壳型结构含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液. FTIR, 1H NMR, TEM和DSC分析结果显示, 获得了BA/MMA/含氟单体的共聚物乳液, 且乳液具有明显的核壳结构. DSC, TGA和SEM-EDX的分析显示, 核壳型结构的共聚物具有优异的热力学稳定性能和成膜性能; 长侧链或短侧链含氟单体对共聚物的热稳定性影响不明显, 但侧链较长的含氟单体所获得的聚合物在成膜过程中更易向表面迁移, 更能体现含氟聚合物的优点.     

含氟嵌段聚合物改性环氧树脂性能研究

用AGET ATRP法制备含环氧基的含氟嵌段聚合物聚甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(PHFMA-b-PGMA),将其用于双酚A型环氧树脂改性.表面性能测试表明,PHFMA-b-PGMA改性环氧涂膜的表面疏水疏油性优于纯环氧,且经长时间水浸泡、丁酮浸泡或高温热处理后,其表面稳定性仍表现优良.热性能测试表明,PHFMA-b-PGMA改性环氧的热稳定性优于纯环氧.机械性能测试结果表明,用PHFMA-bPGMA改性环氧有助于韧性提高,与断裂面SEM测试结果相吻合.     

RAFT聚合法合成甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物及其在负性光致抗蚀剂中的应用

以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、甲基丙烯酸苄基酯(BZMA)、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)和丙烯酸正丁酯(BA)为共聚单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,2-(十二烷基三硫代碳酸酯基)-2-甲基丙酸(DMP)为链转移试剂,采用可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)制备了甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物(PMBBH)。利用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(¹HNMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对共聚物的结构进行了表征。以共聚物PMBBH为基体树脂制备了负性光致抗蚀剂,考察了PMBBH的分子量对光致抗蚀剂分辨率的影响。结果表明,以数均分子量为5.45×10³ g/mol,重均分子量为7.79×10³ g/mol的PMBBH-2作为基体树脂时,该光致抗蚀剂得到的图像轮廓清晰,图形分辨率可达50 μm。     

一种以聚酰亚胺为主链的分子刷合成及表征

以自制的侧基含溴的聚酰亚胺为大分子引发剂,2,2'-联吡啶/氯化亚铜为催化体系,通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)反应,引发甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯(TFEMA)和甲基丙烯酸2-(三甲基硅氧基)乙酯(HEMA-tms)共聚,制备了以聚酰亚胺为主链的分子刷,聚酰亚胺-接枝-聚(甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯-共-甲基丙烯酸2-(三甲基硅氧基)乙酯),(PI-g-P(TFEMA-co-HEMA-tms)).对其中甲基丙烯酸2-(三甲基硅氧基)乙酯进行水解得到侧链含羟基的聚酰亚胺分子刷(PI-g-P(TFEMA-co-HEMA)),最后通过羟基与氯磷酸二乙酯反应,得到含亚磷酸酯基团的聚酰亚胺分子刷(PI-g-P(TFEMA-co-HEMA-P)).利用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、红外等方法,表征了所合成分子刷的结构.利用示差扫描量热法(DSC)、热失重分析(TGA)研究了聚合物分子刷的热性能.根据TGA计算出的分子刷组成与1H-NMR计算结果能较好的吻合.     

丙烯酸聚氧乙烯酯单体接枝聚乙烯共聚物的制备与表征

采用含α-双键的4种不同结构的聚氧乙烯型单体:丙烯酸聚氧乙烯酯(PAA)、丙烯酸端甲氧基聚氧乙烯酯(PEA)、甲基丙烯酸聚氧乙烯酯(PMA)和甲基丙烯酸端甲氧基聚氧乙烯酯(PMEM)接枝改性线性低密度乙烯(LLDPE)和低分子量聚乙烯(LMPE).采用核磁共振波谱及红外光谱分析了接枝共聚物的结构,并研究了接枝单体中聚氧乙烯基团对接枝共聚物性能的影响.相同单体浓度下4种单体的接枝效率大小顺序为PAAPEAPMAPMEM.对产物流变性能的研究结果表明随着接枝率的增加,单体复合黏度和剪切变稀行为增加;示差量热扫描结果显示了接枝率较低时接枝单体起到异相成核作用而加速结晶.为了进一步观察接枝单体对聚乙烯链段微观结构的影响,通过偏光显微镜观察发现LMPE为短棒状结构,而接枝LMPE通过支链极性基团的相互作用而形成星形或树枝状的微胶束结构.接触角测试表明,与LLDPE相比,高接枝率的LMPE改善亲水性的效果更好.     

光固化氨酯改性丙烯酸系水性涂料

以丙烯酸丁酯,苯乙烯,丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸－β－羟乙酯共聚合成了具有羟基和羧基侧基的丙烯酸共聚物,再用甲苯二异氰酸酯与甲基丙烯酸－β－羟乙酯的半加成物对上述丙烯酸树脂进行接枝改性,经胺中和后,水性化,可得较为稳定的自乳化光敏树脂水分散体系。     

含疏水链节的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺共聚物的温敏性

采用溶液聚合法合成了一系列N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)与甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯或甲基丙烯酸丁酯的无规共聚物,用浊度观测法和光散射法测定了不同共聚物水溶液的温敏相转变行为.结果表明:所得共聚物的低临界溶解温度(LCST)均低于均聚物PNIPAM的,酯类单体的结构和含量对共聚物的LCST有显著影响,其中酯基上的烷基对共聚物LCST的影响能力大于丙烯酸酯α位上的烷基,前者对增大共聚物的疏水性有更大贡献.通过NIPAM与特定丙烯酸酯单体进行无规共聚可以合成转变温度低于PNIPAM均聚物且具有预设LCST数值的水溶性温敏聚合物.     

丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯基团转移共聚研究

研究了三种丙烯酸酯分别和四种甲基丙烯酸酯的基团转移共聚，用１Ｈ ＮＭＲ法测定共聚物组成，扩展的Ｋｅｌｅｎ Ｔｕｄｏｓ法测定竞聚率，结果为γＭＡ＝９２３、γＭＭＡ＝００６；γＥＡ＝１４１５、γＭＭＡ＝００１；γＢＡ＝７５１、γＭＭＡ＝００２；γＭＡ＝１４４１、γＥＭＡ＝００１；γＭＡ＝１３９６、γＢＭＡ＝０２３；γＭＡ＝８６６、γｉ ＢＭＡ＝００８，表明基团转移聚合同阴离子聚合有明显的相似之处．     

SiO2@P（MMA/BA/3FMA）复合纳米粒子的制备及膜性能

通过溶胶-凝胶法与半连续种子乳液聚合法相结合,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)制备的纳米SiO2为核,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯(3FMA)的共聚物P(MMA/BA/3FMA)为壳,合成了SiO2@P(MMA/BA/3FMA)核-壳结构纳米复合粒子.为防止纳米SiO2的团聚,提高其与共聚物的结合力,用乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMS)对纳米SiO2进行改性.通过红外光谱、透射电子显微镜、动态激光散射粒度仪、静态接触角测试仪、X射线光电子能谱分析和热重分析等表征了乳液结构及膜性能.结果表明,获得的复合纳米粒子呈现粒径分布为40～50 nm的核-壳结构球型颗粒.由于含氟官能团的迁移使得氟元素在膜-空气界面富集,有效降低了膜的表面自由能.当3FMA质量分数达到25%时,膜表面自由能达到最低值(23.13 mN/m).随着3FMA含量的增加,共聚物初始热分解温度由350℃提高到390℃.     

Copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and alkyl acrylates: Studies of molecular weight distribution and thermal behavior

Several copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), n-butyl acrylate (BA), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were prepared at 70°C in nitrogen atmosphere using 0.2% (w/v) benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The copolymer composition was evaluated by estimation of hydroxyl group in the copolymers. Intrinsic viscosity of HEMA–EA, HEMA–BA, and HEMA–MMA copolymers was determined at 35°C in dimethyl formamide. Molecular weight distribution of copolymer samples was evaluated by gel permeation chromatography. Thermal behavior of the copolymers was investigated by dynamic thermogravimetry. Thermal stability decreased on increasing HEMA content in MA, EA, and BA copolymers. However, a reverse trend was observed in HEMA–MMA copolymers.     

Synthesis of core-shell polymer microspheres by two-stage distillation-precipitation polymerization

Narrow- or monodisperse core-shell polymer microspheres with a dense core and a lightly crosslinked shell with different functional groups, such as ester, hydroxyl, cyano, were prepared by two-stage distillation-precipitation polymerization without any stabilizer. Commercial divinylbenzene (DVB), containing 80% of DVB was polymerized by distillation-precipitation polymerization with 2,2′-azobis(2-methyl propionitrile) (AIBN) as initiator in neat acetonitrile in the absence of any stabilizer as the first stage polymerization and used as the core. When the conversion of DVB was about 35% in the first stage, the second-comonomers with different functional groups, such as methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA), butyl methacrylate (BMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), i-octyl acrylate (i-OA), dodecyl acrylate (DA), methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (Trim), and acrylnitrile (AN) together with AIBN were introduced, respectively, into the reaction system and copolymerized with unreacted DVB on the core surface to form a lightly crosslinked functional shell. The resulting core-shell polymer particles were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FT-IR spectra.     

Cocklebur-shaped colloidal dispersions

Unique cocklebur-shaped colloidal dispersions were prepared using a combination of a nanoextruder applied to the aqueous solution containing methyl methacrylate (MMA) and n-butyl acrylate (n-BA) with azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) or potassium persulfate (KPS) initiators and stabilized by a mixture of sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (SDOSS) and 1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DCPC) phospholipid. Upon extrusion and heating to 75 degrees C, methyl methacrylate/n-butyl acrylate (MMA/nBA) colloidal particles containing tubules pointing outward were obtained as a result of DCPC phospholipids present at the particle surfaces. The same cocklebur-shaped particles were obtained when classical polymerization was used without a nanoextruder under similar compositional and thermal conditions, giving a particle size of 159 nm. However, when Ca(2+) ions are present during polymerization, cocklebur morphologies are disrupted. Because DCPC tubules undergo a transition at 38 degrees C, such cocklebur morphologies may offer numerous opportunities for devices with stimuli-responsive characteristics.     

丙烯腈和(甲基)丙烯酸酯基团转移共聚合的竞聚率

研究了丙烯腈（ＡＮ）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）、乙酯（ＥＭＡ）、丁酯（ＢＭＡ）、丙烯酸丁酯（ＢＡ）和顺丁烯二酸二丁酯（ＤＢＭ）等５种酯类单体的基团转移无规共聚．用Ｋｅｌｅｎ Ｔｕｄｕｓ法测定了二元共聚体系的竞聚率，分别为ｒＡＮ＝１０２２、ｒＭＭＡ＝０７７、ｒＡＮ＝５６８、ｒＥＭＡ＝０１６、ｒＡＮ＝８５９、ｒＢＭＡ＝００９、ｒＡＮ＝４０８、ｒＢＡ＝００６；ｒＡＮ＝１３８，ｒＤＢＭ＝００６．发现竞聚率，单体组分对聚合速率的影响等都和阴离子共聚类似．     

有机硅改性磺酸型聚氨酯/丙烯酸酯复合乳液的制备

将磺酸型聚酯多元醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI)和三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)在无有机溶剂参与的情况下进行预缩聚,以硅烷偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH550）作为改性剂,加入双官能团单体甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯(HEMA),得到含乙烯基和有机硅封端的聚氨酯作为种子乳液,然后与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)混合单体共聚,合成了有机硅改性磺酸型聚氨酯/丙烯酸酯复合乳液。 红外光谱的表征确定了有机硅改性磺酸型聚氨酯/丙烯酸酯复合乳液的化学结构;透射电子显微镜观察证实了此复合乳液具有明显的核壳结构;热重分析表明,经有机硅和丙烯酸酯改性后,胶膜的最大热失重温度提高了20 ℃,X射线衍射分析表明胶膜的结晶度降低,有利于提高膜的韧性。 力学性能测试及吸水率测试结果表明,当有机硅含量为1.9%时,胶膜的拉伸强度最高达到25.03 MPa,断裂伸长率为328%,此时膜的吸水率最低。     

Preparation and application of the sol-gel-derived acrylate/silicone co-polymer coatings for headspace solid-phase microextraction of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide in soil

Three types of novel acrylate/silicone co-polymer coatings, including co-poly(methyl acrylate/hydroxy-terminated silicone oil) (MA/OH-TSO), co-poly(methyl methacrylate/OH-TSO) (MMA/OH-TSO) and co-poly(butyl methacrylate/OH-TSO) (BMA/OH-TSO), were prepared for the first time by sol-gel method and cross-linking technology and subsequently applied to headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a surrogate of mustard, in soil. The underlying mechanisms of the coating process were discussed and confirmed by IR spectra. The selectivity of the three types of sol-gel-derived acrylate/silicone coated fibers was studied, and the BMA/OH-TSO coated fibers exhibited the highest extraction ability to CEES. The concentration of BMA and OH-TSO in sol solution was optimized, and the BMA/OH-TSO (3:1)-coated fibers possessed the highest extraction efficiency. Compared with commercially available polyacrylate (PA) fiber, the sol-gel-derived BMA/OH-TSO (3:1) fibers showed much higher extraction efficiency to CEES. Therefore, the BMA/OH-TSO (3:1)-coated fibers were chosen for the analysis of CEES in soil matrix. The reproducibility of coating preparation was satisfactory, with the RSD 2.39% within batch and 3.52% between batches, respectively. The coatings proved to be quite stable at high temperature (to 350 degrees C) and in different solvents (organic or inorganic), thus their lifetimes (to 150 times) are longer than conventional fibers. Extraction parameters, such as the volume of water added to the soil, extraction temperature and time, and the ionic strength were optimized. The linearity was from 0.1 to 10 microg/g, the limit of detection (LOD) was 2.7 ng/g, and the RSD was 2.19%. The recovery of CEES was 88.06% in agriculture soil, 92.61% in red clay, and 101.95% in sandy soil, respectively.     

Study on grafting of different types of acrylic monomers onto natural rubber by γ-rays

 A comparative study of various acrylic monomers for grafting onto natural rubber was done. The stability of natural rubber latex (NRL) against coagulum with monomer, mechanical properties of grafted rubbers and percent of grafting were investigated. The NRL with monomers, methylacrylate (MA), ethylacrylate (EA) and n-butylacrylate (n-BA), is unstable but it is stable with methyl methacrylate (MMA), n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) and cyclohexyl methacrylate (CHMA). The mechanical properties and degree of grafting attained a maximum at a total radiation dose of 4 kGy. The values of tensile properties of MMA and CHMA grafted rubbers are almost similar, and higher than those of BMA grafted rubbers. On the other hand, the degree of grafting for CHMA is higher than those of MMA and BMA grafted rubbers. The infrared (IR) spectra of monomer grafted natural rubber were also studied.