粉煤灰/硅橡胶复合材料的性能研究

以粉煤灰为填料,采用Si-69、钛酸酯和硬脂酸三种偶联剂对其进行表面处理,采用红外光谱仪和扫描电镜分析了改性前后粉煤灰的表面结构和形貌,而后将粉煤灰添加到硅橡胶中,比较粉煤灰改性前后复合材料的力学性能和阻燃性能。实验结果表明:红外光谱证实三种偶联剂改变了粉煤灰的表面结构,SEM观察到改性后粉煤灰的比表面积得到了提高;改性粉煤灰/硅橡胶复合材料的力学性能和阻燃性能比未改性的粉煤灰/硅橡胶复合材料得到了较大的提高。当添加量为1%的硬脂酸改性粉煤灰/硅橡胶复合材料的力学性能和阻燃性能最佳。     

硅橡胶/有机凹凸棒土纳米复合材料的制备及性能

采用硅烷偶联剂KH-570对纯化的凹凸棒土进行表面处理,将经表面处理的凹凸棒土(OAT)与硅橡胶(SR)通过机械共混法制成纳米复合材料.借助FHR、TEM测试技术对凹凸棒土的有机改性进行了表征.研究了纳米复合材料的硫化行为、力学性能和热稳定性能.结果表明,OAT的加入降低了硅橡胶的正硫化时间.提高了最小和最大扭矩值,起到促进硫化的作用;复合材料的拉伸强度随OAT含量的增加而提高,但断裂伸长率在20份OAT添加量时达到了最大值,说明凹凸棒土可以用作硅橡胶的有效补强剂;热重分析(TGA)表明.OAT的加入提高了纳米复合材料的热稳定性能.     

硅烷偶联剂制备及对磷灰石-硅灰石生物玻璃陶瓷的表面改性

采用谷氨酸与硅烷偶联剂(KH-792)缩合反应,制备出一种含酰胺基的硅烷偶联剂,利用其与材料之间的化学结合,将谷氨酸共价固定至磷灰石-硅灰石生物玻璃陶瓷表面,实现表面改性。将改性后的磷灰石-硅灰石生物玻璃陶瓷与人骨肉瘤细胞MG63共培养,评价其体外细胞生物相容性。应用FTIR、SEM、XPS等测试技术分别对合成的偶联剂、改性后的陶瓷材料进行结构、表面形貌及细胞生长情况的表征,结果表明:谷氨酸与KH-792的反应产物有酰胺基生成;含酰胺基的硅烷偶联剂能对磷灰石-硅灰石生物玻璃陶瓷表面进行有效改性;共培养3 d后细胞在材料材料表面大量贴附,MTT实验也证明增殖良好,即含酰胺基的硅烷偶联剂能改善磷灰石-硅灰石生物玻璃陶瓷的体外细胞生物相容性。     

多聚磷酸/乙酸体系对PBO纤维表面改性的研究

采用多聚磷酸/乙酸体系并结合偶联剂处理方法对PBO纤维表面进行化学改性,采用扫描电镜和液滴形状法对处理前后纤维表面形态结构和纤维表面亲水性进行了表征,通过单丝拔出试验测定了改性前后PBO纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面剪切强度。利用X光电子能谱和热重分析等方法对纤维表面元素组成和热稳定性进行了分析。研究发现,多聚磷酸/乙酸体系偶联剂的方法改性后PBO纤维表面亲水性明显增强,与水的接触角从大于90°下降到42.8,°PBO纤维/环氧树脂的界面剪切强度较未处理样品提高了45%。     

含改性硅微粉硅橡胶阻燃抑烟研究

为进一步提升硅橡胶(SR)的阻燃性能,利用硅烷偶联剂对硅微粉(SF)进行表面改性,以改性后的SF为阻燃剂,制备出SR样品。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对改性前后SF表面形貌进行表征,通过极限氧指数(LOI)、水平垂直测试、锥形量热仪(CCT)、烟密度测试(SDT)等手段研究SR复合材料力学性能、阻燃性能、抑烟性能。研究表明:添加相同质量的SF和改性SF时,含改性SF的SR力学性能明显提升。其中,含21%(wt)改性SF/SR复合材料的力学、阻燃性能综合最佳。与纯SR相比,改性SF/SR复合材料的LOI增加了15%,热释放速率峰值降低86%,火灾增长指数降低了58%,最大烟密度降低43%。     

二氧化硅粒子的表面化学修饰——方法、原理及应用

本文综述了近年来国内外对二氧化硅粒子表面化学修饰的研究成果,主要介绍了偶联剂法、表面接枝法和一步法的反应原理,探讨了各种改性方法的关键问题和优势,重点介绍了表面接枝法,包括以普通自由基聚合、原子转移自由基聚合和可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合为原理的表面聚合生长接枝法和以开环加成、点击化学和酯化反应为原理的偶联接枝法。由于表面接枝法一般需要偶联剂在二氧化硅表面引入官能团,本文亦简要介绍了硅烷偶联剂及其修饰机理和一步法的反应原理。表面修饰的基团或接枝的聚合物赋予二氧化硅粒子新的性能;经表面修饰的二氧化硅粒子,提高了在有机溶剂或有机基体中的分散性,增加了与有机基体的界面相容性,并已广泛应用于新材料的合成。     

硅烷偶联剂改性碳纤维/硅橡胶/氟橡胶复合材料耐磨性和热性能研究

为了提高氟橡胶的耐磨性和耐低温性能,以硅橡胶与氟橡胶并用作为基相,偶联剂处理的碳纤维为增强相制备了碳纤维/硅橡胶/氟橡胶复合材料,研究了偶联剂种类及其用量对复合材料力学性能的影响,通过红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱证明偶联剂与碳纤维和橡胶基体发生了偶联作用,通过原子力显微镜和红外光谱成像对复合材料的表面形貌和相组成进行表征,通过动态热机械分析和热重分析研究复合材料的热性能。结果表明:偶联剂与碳纤维和氟/硅并用胶发生了交联反应,当选取2份KH590时复合材料的综合力学性能最佳,与氟橡胶相比,KH590/碳纤维/硅橡胶/氟橡胶复合材料的磨耗由0.0314cm~3·km~(-1)降低为0.0218cm~3·km~(-1),玻璃化转变温度由-20℃降低为-30℃,初始分解温度由231℃升高到304℃。     

乙烯等离子体处理的云母表面结构及表面性质

用元素分析、色-质谱、裂解气相色谱和顺磁共振等方法研究了经乙烯等离子体处理的云母表面化学结构及处理过程。结果表明,云母颗粒表面形成了厚数十埃的等离子体聚乙烯膜,其化学结构与反应体系中无云母时得到的等离子体聚乙烯膜相同。通过扫描电镜观察到云母片表面的聚合膜具有规则的海星状花样,随处理时间的延长花样按比例长大。水与云母表面的接触角数据说明,乙烯等离子体处理使云母表面的疏水性提高到聚乙烯的水平,比氩气等离子体、硅烷偶联剂及钛酸酯偶联剂处理的效果均更为显著。     

溶剂散逸自组装法制备具有电致收缩性能的聚苯胺/聚氨酯凹透镜阵列

以水珠为模板,采用溶剂散逸自组装法制备了表面具有特殊形貌的有序多孔膜. 以此多孔膜为模板制备了聚苯胺/聚氨酯（PANI/PU）的凹透镜阵列. 采用红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对界面聚合得到的PANI/PU纳米复合物的结构和凹透镜阵列的形貌进行了表征,研究了不同合成条件对纳米复合物导电性能的影响,并对PANI/PU凹透镜阵列的电学和光学性能进行了研究. 结果表明,PANI/PU凹透镜阵列同时具有导电性、电致收缩性和光衍射性质;其收缩率与外加电压成反比,而透光率与收缩率成正比.     

一种硅烷偶联剂的合成及其在白炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料中的应用

采用γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(A187)与对氨基二苯胺(PPDA)反应,制备得到一种具有防老化功能的硅烷偶联剂,并通过1H-NMR、IR和MS对其结构进行表征.之后,将不同用量的硅烷偶联剂用于原位改性白炭黑制备防老功能化白炭黑/天然橡胶(NR)复合材料,并与相应的炭黑/NR、未改性白炭黑/NR及双-(γ-三乙氧基硅基丙基)四硫化物(Si69)改性白炭黑/NR在加工性能、增强性能和防老化性能方面进行对比.硫化特性数据表明,防老偶联剂的添加使复合材料的黏度降低,最大转矩增加,正硫化时间缩短.动态黏弹性能显示,改性后白炭黑的分散性得到明显提高.复合材料的力学性能先随防老偶联剂用量的增加而提高,之后到达平台.当防老偶联剂的用量大于或等于白炭黑质量的10.8%时,复合材料的拉伸强度与炭黑/NR、Si69改性白炭黑/NR相当,远大于未改性白炭黑/NR的强度;而其撕裂强度都大于3种对比复合材料.经过100℃下不同天数的热氧老化后,添加防老偶联剂的复合材料表现出良好的性能保持率,优于添加防老剂4020的3种对比材料,表明防老偶联剂具有更好的防护效果.     

Enhancement of the thermal and mechanical properties of a surface‐modified boron nitride–polyurethane composite

Thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) elastomer, prepared from poly(tetramethylene glycol) and methyl diphenyl diisocyanate, was blended with boron nitride (BN) to fabricate a thermally conductive interface material. BN treated by a silane coupling agent (BN―NH₂) and PU‐grafted BN were prepared to fabricate a composite that has better thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. The surface‐modified filler showed enhanced dispersibility and affinity because of the surface treatment with functional groups that affected the surface free energy, along with the structural similarity of the doped crystallized diisocyanate molecule with the matrix. The thermal conductivity increased from 0.349 to 0.467 W mk^?1 on 20 wt% PU‐grafted BN loading that is a 1.34‐fold higher value than in the case of pristine BN loading at the same weight fraction. Moreover, the number of BN particles acting as defects, thereby reducing the mechanical strength, is decreased because of strong adhesion. We can conclude that these composite materials may be promising materials for a significant performance improvement in terms of both the thermal and mechanical properties of PU‐based polymers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of different preparation methods on mechanical behaviors of carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK-Titanium hybrid laminates

This paper aims to investigate the mechanical behaviors of carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK-Titanium hybrid laminates (TiGr) prepared by different surface treatment conditions using silane coupling agent. In order to improve the bonding performance between the titanium sheets and PEEK, the titanium layers were subjected to sandblasting roughening and silanization treatment, the curing process was explored by setting different concentrations of silane coupling agent, curing temperatures and curing times. The optimum parameters of the process were determined by analyzing the mechanical properties of the laminates, which are 10% of SCA concentration, 130 °C of curing temperature and 1 h of curing time, and the corresponding tensile, bending and inter-laminar shearing strengths are 837, 1071 and 75 MPa, respectively. The surface composition, structures and chemical bonding of the modified titanium sheet were analyzed through Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was evidenced that the optimal process could produce a relatively complete and uniformed silane film compared to other cases. In addition, the results show that the Si–O–Ti covalent bonds were formed, which demonstrated that the preparation of the laminates through silane coupling agent is reliable.     

基于自组装溶胶凝胶法无机Janus纳米片的制备及其乳化性能研究

论文首先采用水解苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物为乳化剂,正硅酸乙酯、亲油性硅烷偶联剂和亲水性硅烷偶联剂三种前驱体溶于石蜡做为油相(分散相),水为连续相,乳化分散后通过溶胶凝胶法,制备得到了表面亲水/内部亲油的核壳实心微球;然后超声清洗除去石蜡后得到了表面亲水/内部亲油的二氧化硅空心球,将其破碎后即得到了无机Janus纳米片.实...     

硅烷偶联剂对不锈钢表面膜基结合强度的影响

运用拉伸法研究了硅烷偶联剂对316L不锈钢高分子涂层的结合强度的影响,并对硅烷偶联剂的含量、预处理时间及pH值等工艺条件进行了优化。采用ATRIR,XPS等技术表征了偶联剂提高膜基结合强度的机理。结果表明：硅烷偶联剂能够显著提高不锈钢与高分子涂层之间的结合强度,最佳的工艺条件为：偶联剂含量W=0．05,处理时间为10s,溶液的pH值为6。作用机理是：偶联剂一端与金属生成了Si-O-Me键。另一端与高分子相互缠绕形成了复杂的互穿网络结构。     

New insights into the adsorption of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate on hydroxylated ZnO nanopowders

Functionalization of zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-objects by silane grafting is an attractive method to provide nanostructured materials with a variety of surface properties. Active hydroxyl groups on the oxide surface are one of the causes governing the interfacial bond strength in nanohybrid particles. Here, "as-prepared" and commercially available zinc oxide nanopowders with a wide range of surface hydroxyl density were functionalized by a well-known polymerizable silane coupling agent, i.e., 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate (MPS). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and solid-state (13)C and (29)Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic investigations demonstrated that the silane coupling agent was fully hydrolyzed and linked to the hydroxyl groups already present on the particle surface through covalent and hydrogen bonds. Due to a basic catalyzed condensation of MPS with water, a siloxane layer was shown to be anchored to the nanoparticles through mono- and tridentate structures. Quantitative investigations were performed by thermogravimetric (TGA) and elemental analyses. The amount of silane linked to ZnO particles was shown to be affected by the amount of isolated hydroxyl groups available to react on the particle surface. For as-prepared ZnO nanoparticles, the number of isolated and available hydroxyl groups per square nanometer was up to 3 times higher than the one found on commercially available ZnO nanoparticles, leading to higher amounts of polymerizable silane agent linked to the surface. The MPS molecules were shown to be mainly oriented perpendicular to the oxide surface for all the as-prepared ZnO nanoparticles, whereas a parallel orientation was found for the preheated commercially ZnO nanopowders. In addition, ZnO nanoparticles were shown to be hydrophobized by the MPS treatment with water contact angles higher than 60°.     

Interaction of Silane Coupling Agents with CaCO3

A study of eight silane coupling agents showed very different effect of these compounds on the mechanical properties of PP/CaCO₃composites. The application of aminofunctional silane coupling agents resulted in the reactive coupling of the two inactive components leading to increased strength and decreased deformability. A detailed study of the interaction between CaCO₃and the various coupling agents was carried out in order to find an explanation for the strong coupling effect. The amount of coupling agent creating a monolayer coverage was determined by a dissolution method for each coupling agent. The obtained values changed between 0.3 and 1.0 wt% calculated for the CaCO₃. An attempt was made to determine the orientation of the adsorbed molecules to the filler surface. Most of the coupling agents are oriented perpendicularly to the surface with the exception of a methacryl functional silane compound. Possible interactions between hydrolyzed or condensed silane coupling agents and the filler were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using transmitting (FTIR-TS) and diffuse reflectance (DRIFT) modes, as well as gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results showed that bulky organofunctional groups form a caged, polycyclic, low-molecular-weight structure on the surface, while silanes with smaller groups tend to condense into open, ladder type, high-molecular-weight polysiloxane chains. Polymer/filler adhesion, however, depends primarily on the chemical character of the organofunctional group. Aminofunctional silane coupling agents adhere well to the filler surface and react also with the polymer. In the case of similar functionality the size of the organofunctional group determines the strength of the adhesion.     

Characterization of sizing layers and buried polymer/sizing/substrate interfacial regions using a localized fluorescent probe

A novel technique is described to investigate buried polymer/sizing/substrate interfacial regions, in situ, by localizing a fluorescent probe molecule in the sizing layer. Epoxy functional silane coupling agent multilayers were deposited on glass microscope cover slips and doped with small levels of a fluorescently labeled silane coupling agent (FLSCA). The emission of the grafted FLSCA was dependent on the silane layer thickness, showing blue-shifted emission with decreasing thickness. The fluorescent results suggest that thinner layers were more tightly bound to the glass surface. The layers were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). When the FLSCA-doped silane layers were immersed in epoxy resin, a blue shift in emission occurred during resin cure, indicating the potential to study interfacial chemistry, in situ. Thicker silane layers exhibited smaller fluorescence shifts during cure, suggesting incomplete resin penetration into the thickest silane layers.     

Surface Modification of Poly(urea-formaldehyde) Microcapsules and the Effect on the Epoxy Composites Performance

The surfaces of poly(urea-formaldehyde) (PUF) were modified by γ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane (KH560) in order to improve the interfacial bonding between self-healing PUF microcapsules and epoxy matrix. The modification mechanism between PUF microcapsules and KH560 was studied. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) analyses showed that the silane coupling agent molecular binds strongly to the surfaces of PUF microcapsules. Chemical bond (Si–O–C) and hydrogen bond were formed at interface by the reaction between Si–OH and the hydroxyl group of PUF microcapsules surface. The tensile and impact resistance tests revealed that strength and toughness of the composites was improved significantly. Furthermore, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) photographs of the fractured surface confirmed that the silane coupling agent plays an important role in improving the interfacial performance between microcapsules and resin matrix.