分散固相萃取净化气相色谱串联质谱法测定茶叶、西葫芦和芒果中噻螨酮和噻嗪酮残留量

建立了分散周相萃取净化、气相色谱串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)测定茶叶、芒果和可葫芦中噻螨酮和噻嗪酮残留分析方法,并对噻螨酮、噻嗪酮的质谱裂解规律和基质效应进行了分析。噻嗪酮和噻螨酮分别在0.040～40 mg/L和0.025～2.5 mg/L浓度范围内呈线性关系,相关系数0.9910,检出限分别为0.005和0.010 mg/L;不同样品中噻螨酮和噻嗪酮平均回收率为83.6%～116.9%之间,相对标准偏差为2.0%～15.7%,方法定量限为茶叶中0.010 mg/kg,西葫芦、芒果中为0.002 mg/kg采用此方法抽检我国不同地区市场上的120份芒果、西葫芦样品,均未检出噻螨酮噻嗪酮残留;检测20份噻嗪酮田间残留试验茶叶样,均未检出噻嗪酮残留(低于3.9 mg/kg)。     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱法检测蔬菜中的吡虫啉、虫酰肼、阿维菌素和噻螨酮

将一种新的QuEChERS样品处理方法进行了提取及净化的改进,结合HPLC对蔬菜中吡虫啉、虫酰肼、阿维菌素和噻螨酮4种农药进行同时检测,取得了满意结果。以乙腈-水为流动相,梯度洗脱,269、240 nm双波长检测,流速1.0 mL/min。检出限分别为:吡虫啉0.02 mg/kg、虫酰肼0.02 mg/kg、阿维菌素0.10 mg/kg、噻螨酮0.05 mg/kg。在添加浓度为0.05~1.0 mg/kg范围内,4种化合物回收率在80%~100%之间,相对标准偏差1%~10%。方法适用于蔬菜中吡虫啉、虫酰肼、阿维菌素和噻螨酮4种农药残留量的同时检测。     

分散液液微萃取/液相色谱串联质谱法快速测定蜂蜜中10种杀螨剂

采用超声辅助-分散液液微萃取技术,建立快速测定蜂蜜中10种杀螨剂(四螨嗪,喹螨醚,吡螨胺,噻螨酮,乙螨唑,蝇毒磷,哒螨灵,克螨特,螺螨酯,唑螨酯)残留的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。电喷雾正离子扫描模式检测10种杀螨剂,基质匹配曲线定量。10种杀螨剂在0.10~100μg/L范围内线性良好,四螨嗪、喹螨醚、噻螨酮、乙螨唑、螺螨酯的定量限(S/N=10)为3.0μg/kg;蝇毒磷、哒螨灵、克螨特的定量限为1.5μg/kg;吡螨胺的定量限为2.0μg/kg;唑螨酯的定量限为2.5μg/kg。10种杀螨剂在10,50,100μg/kg加标浓度下,回收率在72%~107%之间,相对标准偏差RSD12%。     

分散固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定玉米和土壤中噻酮磺隆-异唑草酮及其代谢物残留

建立了分散固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速检测玉米和土壤中噻酮磺隆、异嚼唑草酮及其代谢物RPA203328与RPA202248残留的分析方法.样品经1％甲酸-乙腈溶剂提取,氯化钠盐析后,提取液经分散固相萃取净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪检测.考察了提取溶剂及吸附剂种类对分析结果的影响,优化了液相色谱-质谱条件,评估了优化实验条件下的方法性能.结果表明:在玉米样品中,4种分析物的基质效应均大于10％;在土壤样品中,除RPA202248基质效应小于10％外,其余3种分析物的基质效应均大于10％.噻酮磺隆、异唑草酮及其代谢物在0.001 ～ 1.0 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.994 5 ～0.999 5.加标浓度在0.005 ～0.1 mg/kg范围内的回收率为72.9％～ 116.5％,相对标准偏差(n=5)为0.75％ ～ 17.8％,定量下限为0.005 ～0.01 mg/kg.该方法前处理简单,分析时间短,准确度和灵敏度高,适用于玉米和土壤中噻酮磺隆、异唑草酮及其代谢物残留的快速检测.     

分散固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定玉米和土壤中噻酮磺隆-异噁唑草酮及其代谢物残留

建立了分散固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速检测玉米和土壤中噻酮磺隆、异噁唑草酮及其代谢物RPA203328与RPA202248残留的分析方法。样品经1%甲酸-乙腈溶剂提取,氯化钠盐析后,提取液经分散固相萃取净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪检测。考察了提取溶剂及吸附剂种类对分析结果的影响,优化了液相色谱-质谱条件,评估了优化实验条件下的方法性能。结果表明:在玉米样品中,4种分析物的基质效应均大于10%;在土壤样品中,除RPA202248基质效应小于10%外,其余3种分析物的基质效应均大于10%。噻酮磺隆、异噁唑草酮及其代谢物在0.001~1.0μg/m L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.994 5~0.999 5。加标浓度在0.005~0.1 mg/kg范围内的回收率为72.9%~116.5%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为0.75%~17.8%,定量下限为0.005~0.01 mg/kg。该方法前处理简单,分析时间短,准确度和灵敏度高,适用于玉米和土壤中噻酮磺隆、异噁唑草酮及其代谢物残留的快速检测。     

荔枝中抑霉唑和嘧霉胺残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定荔枝中抑霉唑和嘧霉胺的方法,对提取试剂、流动相、质谱条件进行了研究,并对抑霉唑和嘧霉胺可能的断裂机理进行了推测。待测样品直接用乙腈提取,采用电喷雾离子源(ESI)、多反应监测正离子模式扫描,外标法定量。抑霉唑、嘧霉胺的质量浓度在1.00～20.0μg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好线性,方法的检出限为0.005mg/kg;添加水平为0.005、0.010、0.020mg/kg时抑霉唑和嘧霉胺的平均回收率分别为91%～96%和83%～90%,相对标准偏差分别为6.5%～8.4%和9.5%～11.1%。该方法快速、简便、准确,可用于荔枝中抑霉唑和嘧霉胺残留量的定性与定量检测。     

液相色谱法检测水果蔬菜中的烟碱类农药残留

建立了果蔬样品中5种烟碱类农药(噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫啉、噻虫胺)残留的液相色谱快速检测方法。样品采用乙腈提取,浓缩,水转溶后经ENVI-18固相萃取柱净化,0.02 mol/L NaOH预淋洗除去柱上中等极性干扰物,100%乙腈1 mL洗脱5种烟碱类残留,反相高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器检测。在黄瓜空白基质中0.1~1.0 mg/kg的加标浓度范围内,5种农药的回收率为50.8%~108.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于15%;而苹果、梨、香蕉、西红柿和韭菜空白基质在0.1~1.0 mg/kg添加水平下,5种农药的回收率均大于80%,RSD小于11%。所测试的6种果蔬样品中噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、吡虫啉的检出限(LOD)为0.01~0.02 mg/kg,啶虫咪和噻虫啉的LOD为0.03~0.05 mg/kg,方法可满足水果蔬菜中烟碱类农药多残留分析的要求。     

微液液提取或固相萃取法净化、气相色谱-质谱联用检测葡萄酒中19种农药多残留

建立了红葡萄酒中19种农药多残留的气相色谱-质谱联用选择离子模式进行监测的检测方法,比较了固相萃取(SPE)和微液液提取(MLLE)两种前处理方法并考察了基质效应。两种方法在0.01~10 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.997。在0.01~1.0 mg/kg添加水平范围内,SPE法的平均添加回收率在77.8%~109.1%之间(四螨嗪为137.5%);MLLE法的平均添加回收率在83.3%~116.7%之间(四螨嗪为43%)。SPE法的最低检出限(LOD)0.001~0.01 mg/kg之间,定量检出限(LOQ)为0.005~0.05 mg/kg,相对标准偏差小于10%;MLLE法为LOD在0.02~0.10 mg/kg,LOQ为0.06~0.30 mg/kg,相对标准偏差小于14%。所有目标化合物均存在基质增强效应,可用基质匹配标准溶液来减少其对测定结果的影响。     

液相色谱-电喷雾电离三级四极杆质谱法测定茶叶中6种烟碱类农药残留

应用液相色谱-电喷雾电离三级四极杆质谱(LC-ESI-MS/MS)方法测定茶叶中呋虫胺、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、吡虫啉、啶虫咪和噻虫啉烟碱类农药残留.前处理方法包括添加同位素内标吡虫啉-D4,乙腈提取,再用活性碳和Oasis(HLB)固相小柱净化.该方法采用正离子方式,多反应监测每种烟碱类杀虫剂各两对离子进行定性、定量分析.方法在0.01～0.4 mg/kg范围内具有良好的线性关系.实验了3个添加水平0.02、0.04和0.2 mg/kg,回收率范围为80.1%～106.1%;相对标准偏差小于9.7%;方法检出限(LOQ)均为0.02 mg/kg.本方法简便、快速、准确,各项技术指标满足国内外法规的要求,可用于茶叶样品中烟碱类农药残留的确证检测.     

高效液相色谱法检测茶叶中噻虫嗪残留量

建立了茶叶中噻虫嗪残留量的液相色谱分析方法.样品用乙腈超声提取,经Forisil柱净化,以乙腈洗脱,HPLC-DAD检测,外标法定量.在0.01～1.0 mg/kg的添加水平,平均回收率在81.1%～105.7%之间,相对标准偏差在1.08%～3.33%,该方法的检出限为0.010 mg/kg.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.