免疫亲和层析-液质联用法检测蓝藻中的微囊藻毒素

应用自制的微囊藻毒素(microcystin,MC)免疫亲和层析柱为净化工具,建立了固相萃取柱富集、免疫亲和层析柱净化、液质联用法检测蓝藻样品中MC的方法.结果显示:只用固相萃取柱富集,会残留大量杂质,干扰MC(尤其是MC-LR)的测定结果.而用免疫亲和层析柱净化能有效去除藻样中的杂质,排除干扰,通过液质联用法定量,能准确测定藻样中的微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR)和-微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR).方法的检出限为2.5 μg/L; 线性范围为5～500 μg/L; MC-RR和MC-LR平均回收率高于84%; 相对标准偏差低于5%.     

固相微萃取/高效液相色谱法测定水中的微囊藻毒素

采用CWX/DVB萃取头,应用固相微萃取与高效液相色谱联用技术(SPME/HPLC)分析了水溶液中的痕量微囊藻毒素。对SPME的萃取条件进行了优化,并对实际水样进行了分析。该方法测定MC-LR(LR型微囊藻毒素)的线性范围为1.00~200μg/L,相关系数为0.999 5,检出限为0.45μg/L(3σ,n=11),相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.4%,回收率为90%~99%。该方法测定MC-RR(RR型微囊藻毒素)的线性范围为1.00~100μg/L,相关系数为0.998 8,检出限为0.15μg/L(3σ,n=11),RSD为2.4%,回收率为89%~100%。     

微囊藻毒素分子印迹传感器的制备与应用

以邻氨基酚为单体,微囊藻毒素(MC-LR)为模板,采用循环伏安法在金电极的表面电聚合成膜分子印迹材料,制备了传感器。采用安培法对MC-LR进行检测。在制备影响条件最佳值(pH=4.5;单体/模板=1.4×108∶1;洗脱时间10 min)的基础上,对该传感器的线性范围、使用寿命、选择性等进行了研究,并与液相色谱方法进行对比,结果表明:该传感器对MC-LR具有良好的选择性和灵敏度,线性范围为0.05～0.35 mg/L;加标回收率为80%～105%;检出限为7.3μg/L。与液相色谱方法对比,当置信度为99%时,无系统误差。     

基于Fe3O4@Au磁性纳米粒子修饰丝网印刷电极的微囊藻毒素免疫传感器研究

将核壳型Fe3O4@Au磁性纳米粒子修饰在丝网印刷工作电极表面,再通过纳米金和微囊藻毒素-(亮氨酸-精氨酸)抗体(anti-MCLR)之间的吸附作用,将抗体固定于电极表面,以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)封闭非特异性吸附位点,制得了检测MCLR的电流型免疫传感器。该传感器基于直接竞争的免疫分析模式,以辣根过氧化物酶偶联的微囊藻毒素(MCLR-HRP)为标记物,用差分脉冲伏安法检测微囊藻毒素,在优化的实验条件下,此免疫传感器响应的峰电流值与微囊藻毒素浓度在0.79～12.9μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为0.38μg/L。对实际水样进行了微囊藻毒素的加标回收实验,回收率在95%～107%之间。此免疫传感器具有测定速度快、灵敏高、携带方便等优点。     

离子液体修饰的磁性类沸石咪唑酯骨架材料在藻毒素分析中的应用

采用基于离子液体修饰的类沸石咪唑酯磁性复合纳米材料(IL@M/ZIF-8)的磁性固相萃取(MSPE)前处理技术,结合超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定环境水体中痕量微囊藻毒素MC-RR和MC-LR的浓度水平。以扫描电镜和透射电镜对合成材料进行表征,并对UPLC-MS/MS条件和MSPE技术中吸附剂用量、水样pH值、洗脱溶剂的种类、振荡时间等参数进行优化。在最佳条件下,MC-RR和MC-LR分别在0.01～5μg/L和0.05～5μg/L浓度范围内呈良好线性,线性系数(r)分别为0.999 5、0.999 3,检出限分别为1.98、3.94 ng/L,定量下限分别为6.52、12.98 ng/L。将该方法应用于实际水样的测定,加标回收率为88.5%～108%,相对标准偏差为1.5%～7.2%。该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,可用于水样中痕量微囊藻毒素的检测。     

Fe_3O_4@NiSiO_3对水中痕量微囊藻毒素的萃取

通过水热合成法和溶胶凝胶法制备Fe_3O_4@NiSiO_3磁性纳米粒子,该纳米粒子微球具有均一的形貌、良好的磁性和分散性。将合成的Fe_3O_4@NiSiO_3磁性纳米粒子作为磁性固相萃取(MSPE)介质,并结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)建立了水样中痕量微囊藻毒素MC-LR的分析方法。在优化实验条件下,方法在0.25~146.5μg/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)为0.999 1,检出限为0.011μg/L。将该方法用于纯水中微囊藻毒素的分析,回收率为81.0%,对实际水样的回收率为66.7%~72.0%。表明Fe_3O_4@NiSiO_3磁性纳米粒子具有良好的选择性富集能力,可用于水中痕量微囊藻毒素的萃取。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定土壤中3种微囊藻毒素

建立了测定土壤中典型微囊藻毒素(MC-LR,MC-RR和MC-YR)的固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱(LC/MS)分析方法。土样采用0.01 mol/L EDTA-Na4P2O7溶液涡旋提取,提取液经Sep-Pak C18固相萃取柱富集净化,在电喷雾正离子模式下,以多反应监测模式采集数据进行定性与定量分析。结果表明:土壤中MC-LR,MC-RR和MC-YR的检出限量分别为0.25,0.25和0.50μg/kg,回收率分别为72.6%～97.4%,54.9%～62.8%和69.0%～90.7%;相对标准偏差为4.3%～16.9%。应用此方法检测云南滇池周边部分农田土壤中样品,检出微囊藻毒素,含量范围为1.43～21.29μg/kg。     

溶胶凝胶法固定抗体制备黄曲霉毒素免疫传感器

利用溶胶凝胶法,将正硅酸乙酯在HCl存在下水解形成的硅溶胶和黄曲霉毒素B1抗体的混合液涂于玻碳电极表面,制备非标记型电化学阻抗免疫传感器。以[Fe(CN)6]3-/4-的磷酸盐缓冲溶液为测试底液,分别研究传感器的循环伏安和交流阻抗行为。实验表明,电极因免疫反应所形成的复合物阻碍了[Fe(CN)6]3-/4-在电极表面的扩散,其氧化还原峰电流明显减小,电子转移阻抗随黄曲霉毒素浓度增加而线性增大。当介质pH=6.5和孵育时间为20 min时,免疫前后传感器的电子转移阻抗变化值最大。在此最佳条件下,传感器电子转移阻抗对黄曲霉毒素响应的线性范围为1.0～10μg/L;检出限为0.1μg/L(S/N=3)。此方法具有高的灵敏度和稳定性,可应用于食品中黄曲霉毒素的测定。     

基于环状DNA-银纳米簇荧光探针对微囊藻毒素-LR的传感检测

以新型环状DNA为模板, 制备了环状DNA-银纳米簇(Circular DNA-AgNCs)荧光探针, 构建了一种无酶无标记检测微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)的荧光传感分析方法. 设计的环状DNA由MC-LR适体链(Apt)和适体链的互补链(cDNA)杂交形成, 且cDNA可作为DNA模板用于合成AgNCs. 利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)和荧光光谱(FL)表征了AgNCs的形貌和光学特性.结果表明, 当存在目标物MC-LR时, 由于MC-LR与环状DNA中Apt高特异性和高亲和力结合, 导致环状DNA解体, 释放出的cDNA-AgNCs在610 nm处呈现强荧光. 在优化实验条件下, 环状DNA-AgNCs荧光探针对MC-LR检测的线性范围为0.005~500 μg/L, 检出限为1.7 ng/L(S/N=3). 该荧光探针具有制备简单、 无需任何标记和灵敏度高等特点, 为环境水样中微囊藻毒素-LR的快速和准确测定提供了一种简单、 可靠和有效的方法.     

碳纳米管/纳米金复合膜电化学免疫传感器用于微囊藻毒素的检测研究

在玻碳电极表面修饰碳纳米管,并用多电位阶跃法在碳纳米管表面沉积纳米金制得碳纳米管/纳米金复合膜。通过纳米金和微囊藻毒素-(亮氨酸-精氨酸)抗体之间的吸附作用,将抗微囊藻单克隆抗体固定于电极表面,以牛血清白蛋白封闭非特异性吸附位点,研制了检测微囊藻毒素的电化学免疫传感器。利用微囊藻毒素与其抗体之间的特异性识别作用构建"三明治"夹心结构的免疫分析模式,以辣根过氧化物酶标记抗体为二抗,利用微分脉冲伏安法实现了对微囊藻毒素的检测。在优化条件下,此传感器的响应电流与微囊藻毒素浓度在0.50~12.0μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.30μg/L(S/N=3)。对实际水样进行了微囊藻毒素的加标回收实验,回收率在93.0%~108.5%之间,相对标准偏差为3.8%~5.0%。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。