气相色谱法对家兔视网膜脂质中脂肪酸组成和含量的研究

生物膜的功能与生物膜脂质中脂肪酸的组成和含量密切相关。膜脂肪酸组成和含量的改变会导致其功能的变化,并且是产生某些疾病的原因之一。膜脂中不饱和脂肪酸含量增高,使膜的抗氧化能力降低,膜流动性增大。作者用气相色谱法测定了健康家兔视网膜脂质中脂肪酸的组成和含量,并测定了家兔眼球埋铅粒3、5、8周后,其膜脂肪酸组成和含量的变化。此研究对人体眼球受金属铅粒损伤后的治疗将具有重要意义。     

血浆中长链不饱和脂肪酸的毛细管气相色谱分析

脂类物质是细胞膜的主要组成,具有多种重要的生物功能。通过检测血浆中脂肪酸水平,可以研究某些重要疾病与脂质及脂肪酸的关系。特别是长链不饱和脂肪酸,由于它们是前列腺素的前体,更具有重要意义,血浆中长链不饱和脂肪酸,其中8,11,14—廾碳三烯酸(C_(20:)     

干法灰化-碱熔-离子选择性电极法测定植物样品中氟

<正>氟是生物体内重要的微量元素之一,也是环境化学和生命科学研究中的常见元素。在生态地球化学中,氟为必测定元素,含量很低,但具有高度的生物活性,在动植物体内无生物降解作用~([1-2])。氟化物污染空气后,能够在植物中富集,对植物的生长和发育造成严重的危害,即使低水平的污染也能通过生物富集和食物链作用对人体造成一定的危害,不利于身体健康~([3])。同时人体缺氟或氟过量也会对健康造成不良的影响~([4])。因此,分析植物样品中氟含量的变化对研究生态地球化学以及人体和动植物的健康特征具有重要的意义。     

超声辅助萃取-钨丝电热原子吸收光谱法测定痕量镉

镉对人体和动植物而言是一种非必需的元素,当其含量超过一定浓度就会产生毒性.由于镉在生物体内的半衰期长达1年之久,一旦进入生物体就不易排出.因此,测定食物样品中的镉对保证人类和动物的健康有重要的意义[1].     

中药通心络对抑郁-动脉粥样硬化大鼠干预作用的血浆代谢组学研究

采用快速液相色谱串联离子阱飞行时间质谱(UFLC/MS-IT-TOF)技术对通心络干预下的抑郁-动脉粥样硬化大鼠的血浆代谢谱进行研究.结果表明,抑郁-动脉粥样硬化模型大鼠体内的氨基酸代谢、脂肪酸的β-氧化、胆固醇代谢及磷脂代谢发生了异常.中药通心络通过调节模型大鼠体内的色氨酸、苯丙氨酸代谢及某些胆汁酸的代谢,抑制大鼠抑郁-动脉粥样硬化的形成.该研究结果表明代谢组学在中药整体性药效评价、作用机理的阐明等方面具有很好的应用前景.     

重金属蓄积对渔业水环境的胁迫

通过分析与讨论水环境中重金属的污染特征、在水生动植物体内的蓄积和对水生动植物的毒害作用,阐述了重金属污染水体对水生生物生长、发育和繁衍等生命活动的危害和影响。     

FAHFAs:生物功能、分析及合成

羟基脂肪酸支链脂肪酸酯(branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids,FAHFAs)是一类新发现的生物活性脂质分子。FAHFAs在哺乳动物体内具有重要的生理功能,如改善葡萄糖耐量、增强胰岛素敏感性、维持血糖稳态和抗炎等。目前,FAHFA相关研究已成为脂质领域研究的一个新方向,受到科学家们的关注。本文总结了自FAHFAs发现至今的主要研究成果,从FAHFA的生理功能、代谢、生物体内的储存形式、分析检测和化学合成等五个方面进行介绍,以期为未来FAHFAs领域的研究提供一些借鉴。     

含羟肟酸侧基高分子重金属捕集剂处理含铅废水的研究

铅是有毒的重金属,其污染主要来源于颜料、铅蓄电池、矿冶、电镀及印刷电路版制作等作业.铅在人和动植物中具有蓄积稳定性,进入人体后很难排除;停留体内对人的中枢神经系统和骨骼造成伤害,早已引起医学界重视,被列为严格控制排放的第一类污染物.     

NaVO3-Na3PO4-H2O三元体系的等温相图和平衡液相物化性质测定

钒和磷都是动植物体中的必需元素，在动植物体中起着十分重要而又非常复杂的生理作用。土壤中的钒、磷等元素可通过食物链进入生物体或植物体中，对动植物体都带来一定的影响。适量的钒能促进植物的生长发育，促进植物的固氮、固氯作用；钒累积达到一定程度时，则会对动植物体产生一定的毒理作用。影响动植物体内酶的活性调节、蛋白质的生物合成及遗传过程。     

长链脂肪酸五氟苄基酯在不同极性毛细管柱上的保留指数

长链脂肪酸是动植物体的基本组成之一,它有复杂而众多的异构体,至今发现的天然存在的脂肪酸已有三百多种。脂肪酸的气相色谱分离和定性定量分析已有大量的研究,普遍采用的方法是基于将脂肪酸转化成它的甲酯,再用GC—FID分离检测。为了克服众多异构体定性的困难,它们的保留指数和等价链长值已有很多研究。应用这     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.     

Synthesis of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Glycofuranosides and Their Biochemical and Biological Activities in Cell-Free and Cellular Assays

Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HOT) and their glycosides are promising candidates for applications in functional food products or in complementary therapy. A series of phenylethanoid glycofuranosides (PEGFs) were synthesized to compare some of their biochemical and biological activities with T and HOT. The optimization of glycosylation promoted by environmentally benign basic zinc carbonate was performed to prepare HOT α-L-arabino-, β-D-apio-, and β-D-ribofuranosides. T and HOT β-D-fructofuranosides, prepared by enzymatic transfructosylation of T and HOT, were also included in the comparative study. The antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective potential of T, HOT, and PEGFs on plasmid DNA were determined using cell-free assays. The DNA-damaging potential of the studied compounds for human hepatoma HepG2 cells and their DNA-protective potential on HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide were evaluated using the comet assay. Experiments revealed a spectrum of different activities of the studied compounds. HOT and HOT β-D-fructofuranoside appear to be the best-performing scavengers and protectants of plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells. T and T β-D-fructofuranoside display almost zero or low scavenging/antioxidant activity and protective effects on plasmid DNA or HepG2 cells. The results imply that especially HOT β-D-fructofuranoside and β-D-apiofuranoside could be considered as prospective molecules for the subsequent design of supplements with potential in food and health protection.