关于复合函数的一个错误命题

文[1]称:若已知f[g(x)]的定义域为A,则f(x)的定义域就是函数g(x)(x∈A)的值域.错误!例1设函数f(x)=2x,函数g(x)=x2,则复合函数f[g(x)]=2x2.显然,复合函数f[g(x)]的定义域是R,函数g(x)(x∈R)的值域[0,+∞),但函数f(x)的定义域是R,而不是函数g(x)(x∈R)的值     

抽象函数奇偶性的又一证明方法

抽象函数奇偶性的证明往往是同学感到困难问题之一 ,一般方法是通过对 f(x)和 f(- x)的性质的探讨加以证明 .笔者在教学中得到一种新颖的方法 ,介绍如下 :引理　任意一个函数 f(x)可表示为一个偶函数φ(x)和一个奇函数 g(x)之和 (f(x)的定义域关于原点对称 ) .证　设 f(x) =φ(x) +g(x) (其中 φ(x)为偶函数 ,g(x)为奇函数 ) ,则　 f (x) =φ(x) +g(x) (1)　　 f(- x) =φ(- x) +g(- x)=φ(x) - g(x) (2 )由 (1) ,(2 )得 :φ(x) =f (x) +f (- x)2 ,g(x ) =f (x) - f (- x)2 .经检验 φ(x) ,g(x)满足题意 ,故引理成立 .例 1　已知函数定义域…     

复合函数定义域的求法

1.复合函数的定义设u=g(x)是A到B的函数,y=f(u)是B′到C′上的函数,且BB′,当u取遍B中的元素时,y取遍C(CC′),那么y=f(g(x))就是A到C上的函数.此函数称为由外层函数y=f(x)和内层函数u=g(x)复合而成的复合函数,其中x称为直接变量,u称为中间变量,u的取值范围即为g(x)的值域.     

Szabados猜想的一个部分回答

本文中给出Szabados猜想的部分回答，即假设X是强标准的且^-X=[-1，1]，如果函数f(x)是连续可微的且满足||A，（f,X,x）||=o(n^-1)，那末f(x)为一常数。     

多元函数的微分法则

我们知道 ,若函数 x =φ( s,t) ,y =ψ( s,t)在点 ( s,t)有连续导数 ,函数 z =f ( x,y)在相应点 ( x,y) =(φ( s,t) ,ψ( s,t) )有连续偏导数 ,则复合函数 z=f (φ( s,t) ,ψ( s,t) )在点 ( x,t)可微 ,且dz =( z x x s+ z y y s) ds+( z x x t+ z y y t) dt同样有 ,若函数 x =φ( t) ,y =ψ( t)在点 t可微 ,函数 z =f ( x,y)在相应点 ( x,y) =(φ( t) ,ψ( t) )有连续偏导数 ,则复合函数 z =f (φ( t) ,ψ( t) )在点 t可微 ,且 dz =( z x+ z ydydt) dt;若函数 x =φ( s,t)在点 ( s,t)有连续偏导数 ,函数 z =f ( x)在相应点 x =φ( s,t)有…     

求解函数解析式的解方程组法

针对函数方程f(x)+bf(g(x))=h(x),其中f(x)为待求函数,b为任意实数,h(x)为已知函数,g(x)满足gn(x)=x.经过多次迭代换元,构建由待求函数构成的线性方程组,运用Cramer法则,可得出该函数方程有唯一解的充要条件为bn≠(-1)n,且此时可解出f(x)=1/1-(1-b)nn-1Σi=0(-b)ih(gi(x)).     

如何判定多元函数的可微性--一节习题课片段

如何判定多元函数的可微性 ,理解多元函数全微分的概念 ,以及多元函数可微与偏导数存在、可微与连续之间的关系 ,是多元函数微分学的难点 .为了帮助学生更好地掌握这些知识 ,老师安排了这样一次习题课 .先给出一道习题 :设函数z =f (x,y) =xyx2 y2 　　 x2 y2 ≠ 0　 0　　　　 x2 y2 =0研究全微分 dz| ( 0 ,0 ) 是否存在 ?一位同学这样做 :因为f′x(0 ,0 ) =limΔx→ 0f (0 Δx,0 ) -f (0 ,0 )Δx =limΔx→ 00Δx=0 ,f′y(0 ,0 ) =limΔy→ 0f (0 ,0 Δy) -f (0 ,0 )Δy =limΔy→ 00Δy=0 ,所以全微分 dz在 (0 ,0 )存在 ,且 dz| …     

广义函数的卷积

在古典分析中,已引入: 定义1 设f∈L_p(-∞,+∞),g∈L_q(-∞,+∞),其中1≤p,q≤+∞,满足1/p+1/q=1,则f和g的卷积定义为: 利用直积的概念,Schwartz L.给出了广义函数卷积的一般定义. 定义2 设f,g是两个广义函数,定义f和g的卷积为: (f*g,φ=(f(x)×g(y),φ(x+y)),φ∈D. 但是,在这里要指出,φ(x+y)已经不是(x,y)空间中的具有有界支集的函数,因而一般地说,定义2是没有意义的. 但对下面两种情况,定义2是有意义的. (1)广义函数f,g之一的支集是有界的; (2)两个广义函数f,g的支集都是同一方向有界的. 1973年Jones D S.研究了广义函数卷积,给出了另外一种广义函数卷积定义.     

具有等式与不等式约束条件次可微优化的Fritz John条件

方向导数具有形式 f′(x;d)=■(v,d),■d∈R~n 的函数 f(x)称为次可微函数,其中■f(x)为 R~n 中的凸紧集,称为次微分,本文在一个正则性假设条件下给出了具有等式与不等式约束条件次可微优化的 Fritz John 条件,特别在等式约束仅一个时,去掉了正则性假设.引理1 假设 f(x)一致办向可微,即极限     

两类创新导数题的思考

创新类型1 隔离直线 已知函数f(x)和g(x),若存在常数k和b,使得函数f(x)和g(x)对其定义域内的任意实数x分别满足f(x)≥kx+b和g(x)≤kx+b,则称直线l:y=kx+b为函数f(x)和g(x)的"隔离直线".     

Estimation of the number of components of finite mixtures of multivariate distributions

An estimator of the number of components of a finite mixture ofk-dimensional distributions is given on the basis of a one-dimensional independent random sample obtained by a transformation of ak-dimensional independent random sample. A consistency of the estimator is shown. Some simulation results are given in a case of finite mixtures of two-dimensional normal distributions.     

Galois Structure of K-Groups of Rings of Integers

N/Kbe a Galois extension of number fields with finite Galois group G.We describe a new approach for constructing invariants of the G-module structure of the K groups of the ring of integers of N in the Grothendieck group of finitely generated projective Z[G]modules. In various cases we can relate these classes, and their function field counterparts, to the root number class of Fröhlich and Cassou-Noguès.     

Eigenvector p-Bases of Rings of Constants of Derivations

Let A be a UFD of characteristic p > 0, let 𝒵 be a set of some eigenvectors of a derivation of A. We prove, under some additional assumptions, a necessary and sufficient condition for 𝒵 to be a p-basis of the minimal ring of constants containing 𝒵. The main preparatory result is the unique decomposition theorem with respect to a factor from a given subalgebra containing A^p.     

有资格限制的指派问题的求解方法

在实际的指派工作中，常会遇到某个人有没有资格去承担某项工作的问题，因此，本建立了有资格限制的指派问题的数学模型。在此数学模型中，将效益矩阵转化为判定矩阵，由此给出了判定此种指派问题是否有解的方法；在有解的情况下，进一步将效益矩阵转化为求解矩阵，从而将有资格限制的指派问题化为传统的指派问题来求解。最后给出了一个数值例子来说明这样的处理方法是有效的。     

On Sums of Coefficients of Products of Polynomials

We study the nilpotency of the sums of all coefficients of some sorts of products of polynomials over reversible, IFP, and NI rings, and introduce an SCN ring as a generalization. We characterize SCN rings in relation with related ring properties, and also provide several useful properties and ring extensions of SCN rings.     

Convergence of sequences of sets of associated primes

It is a well-known result of M. Brodmann that if is an ideal of a commutative Noetherian ring , then the set of associated primes of the -th power of is constant for all large . This paper is concerned with the following question: given a prime ideal of which is known to be in for all large integers , can one identify a term of the sequence beyond which will subsequently be an ever-present? This paper presents some results about convergence of sequences of sets of associated primes of graded components of finitely generated graded modules over a standard positively graded commutative Noetherian ring; those results are then applied to the above question.

     

Rates of Convergence of Means of Euclidean Functionals

Let L be the Euclidean functional with p-th power-weighted edges. Examples include the sum of the p-th power-weighted lengths of the edges in minimal spanning trees, traveling salesman tours, and minimal matchings. Motivated by the works of Steele, Redmond and Yukich (Ann. Appl. Probab. 4, 1057–1073, 1994, Stoch. Process. Appl. 61, 289–304, 1996) have shown that for n i.i.d. sample points {X ₁,…,X _n } from [0,1] ^d , L({X ₁,…,X _n })/n ^(d−p)/d converges a.s. to a finite constant. Here we bound the rate of convergence of EL({X ₁,…,X _n })/n ^(d−p)/d . Y. Koo supported by the BK21 project of the Department of Mathematics, Sungkyunkwan University. S. Lee supported by the BK21 project of the Department of Mathematics, Yonsei University.     

图表示范畴的两个子范畴

引进图表示范畴的两个子范畴,研究它们的同调性质。     

Asymptotics of families of solutions of nonlinear difference equations

One method to determine the asymptotics of particular solutions of a difference equation is by solving an associated asymptotic functional equation. Here we study the behaviour of the solutions in an asymptotic neighbourhood of such individual solutions. We identify several types of attraction and repulsion, which range from almost orthogonality to almost parallelness. Necessary and sufficient conditions for these types of behaviour are given.