煤烘玉米和饮水为介质地氟病区骨畸形病人全血尿多元素含量的分析

采集了贵族个煤烘玉米为主要介质和河北２个饮水为介质氟病区内骨畸形病人的全血、尿、检测了其中８种元素含量,结果表明,贵州各氟病区少儿骨软化与成年骨硬化畸形病人的全血铝、钙、磷、铁和尿氟、铝均显著高于同龄对照组,尿磷均低于同龄对照组。少儿骨软化病人全血锌均下降,尿锌多下降。某水型氟病区骨软化经产妇尿氟、全血铜升高;骨软化少年全血铝显著升高,锌、铁下降,尿氟升高,尿锌,磷下降。海边的典型氟骨症病人全血、     

鸡铝氟联合作用--铁与骨矿化和矿物元素的关系

为探讨铝氟联合作用时铁与矿物代谢的关系,在鸡铝氟病及铝危害模型基础上对全血铁和骨铁用 AAS法进行了检测.结果表明,性成熟前各实验组全血铁均升高,但以加氟组更为明显;性成熟后饲料加入氟化物的 3个组全血铁仍高于对照,未加的另3个组则低于或接近对照组.骨铁含量均有所下降.饲氟、骨氟、骨铝与全血铁有明显正相关(P＜0.2)或显著正相关(P＜0.05),与骨铁有明显负相关,差异均有显著或非常明显(P＜0.1) 意义.全血铁与全血钙、镁、磷,骨灰化率、骨矿含量、平均骨壁厚度、骨矿沉积率均呈显著正相关.骨铁与骨钙、镁呈显著或明显负相关,与成骨细胞指数、破骨细胞指数、类骨质体积呈明显或非常显著(P＜0.01)负相关,与骨单位吸收周期呈明显正相关.全血铁与骨铁呈明显负相关.提示,全血与骨骼铁代谢是能分离又相对应的体系,可能有相互平衡、调节和补偿作用.铁不仅是血红蛋白的必需成分,还与骨矿化和骨细胞及矿物元素有密切关系.     

铝和铝氟病鸡模型全血骨元素和血清生化骨矿含量骨形态学的相关研究

复制了铝危害和铝氟病鸡模型。将100日龄84只雄性种鸡随机分为7个组,毒物加进配合饲料自由摄食,实验3个月。结果表明,高铝、高氟、高氟铝组在实验3周内全血多种元素和7周内的血清生化物质含量及其相关性便发生显著变化,实验13周性成熟后出现逆转并接近正常。均引骨骼元素含量、骨细胞、骨胶元、骨组织形态、骨矿代谢、骨塑形和骨骼力学机能的病理变化。性成熟后饲料加氟与未加氟各3个组的全血铁、磷、血清钙、GRT才出现分异,并与骨矿代谢动态参数的分异相吻合。表晨本实验性成熟前诸多病变主要是铝危害引起。铝可较长期使全血锌和和骨锌含量下降。全血元素含量和相关性的变化是受机体内环境影响较大的动态变化过程。骨代谢联系着广泛的生物无机化学基础。性成熟后高氟、高氟铝、高铝的危害尚有各自的特点。     

铝氟联合中毒大鼠骨、脑、血、尿中多元素含量动态检测

同批断乳两周的Wistar雄性大鼠59只,随机分为3个组,用同一病家的高岭土拌煤烘干与柴烘玉米加入配合饲料喂养.饲料含氟、铝3.9×10-6,12.4×10-6;107×10-6,40.4×10-6;212,66.8×10-6.实验11、20周分两批股动脉放血处死.检测了大鼠骨、脑、血、尿中多种元素.结果表明,血清钙一直较高,磷降低.实验11周,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组骨氟分别增高6、10倍,尿氟增高4、6倍;骨、脑、全血铝均随摄氟、铝量的增多而递减,尿铝递增.尿中其它元素多一直减少.骨中金属元素随骨铝的递减而递减.Ⅱ组全血锌显著下降.实验20周,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组骨氟是Ⅰ组的3.5和8.2倍,为实验11周时的58.1%和80.7%;尿氟是1.4和3倍.骨、脑铝随氟、铝摄入量的递增而递增,骨中金属元素含量也随之递增,骨磷降低.全血磷递增,锌均升高.本实验多元素含量由低向高变化的逆反过程与骨软化向硬化的病理转换相吻合;铝和氟彼此可影响对方的体内过程和在骨骼中的蓄积并引起多元素含量和相关性的显著变化.提示消化道内源性无机盐排泄过多;低龄动物的骨、脑对铝有排斥反应,但有铝危害表现.     

铝氟联合中毒暨铝引起少儿钙磷铁锌生物有效利用不良综合征

对某村普查筛出的铝氟联合中毒病人及高氟,高氟铝、高铝的实验种鸡进行动态研究。结果表明,氟含量〉４０＊１０＾－６的主食玉米促成了一般摄铝浓度人群的铝吸收和蓄积,饲铝超过一般浓度１－４倍的童鸡便有肝、肾铝蓄积、骨铝反而显著下降,但均出现低龄人群和实验动物的高钙血和高骨矿性骨营养不良软化,高全血磷的ＡＴＰ生成减少,全血铁增高的缺铁性小细胞性贫血,低锌症,智能和体能下等钙磷铁锌生物有 良和低素质综合症,随     

铝氟联合中毒病人全血尿元素含量及相互关系的分析

取某病区明显骨软化畸形、年龄４～１９岁的病人晨尿、空腹全血,湿法消化,原子吸收法检测。结果表明,病人有小细胞贫血,脑电图未见有意义的异常波。血清磷、尿磷低于对照,全血磷显著升高,出现分离。全血钙并不低。全血和尿铝、氟显著高于对照。全血和尿锌显著或明显低于对照。病人与对照之间的全血铝与磷,镁、锌与铁相关性有显著差异。铝氟联合中毒康复者全血７种元素含量与对照接近,相关性也趋于一致。病人全血、尿元素含量     

高氟铝暨铝引起性发育前人和动物高钙及高骨矿性骨软化

对铝氟联合中毒27例2－11岁儿童和100日龄雄鸡实验3个月进行了动态观察。结果表明，骨软化伴 骨硬化的病人有22例，占81％；随着年龄增长，骨硬化渐渐突出；患儿全血钙、磷升高，血清Ca^2 正常范围偏高，血清P^5 下降。铝氟联合作用实验鸡性发育前、后全血钙一直较高，全血磷与血清Ca^2 、P^5 及其相关关系出现由高到低到高的交错变化；单独铝作用全血钙一直较高，碱到性成熟期下降，血清Ca^2 、P^5 一直较低。在性发育完成阶段，高铝可使类骨质矿化过度延迟，小幅度减少骨钙、磷含量，但骨部矿物元素和骨矿含量及骨密度不一定降低，甚至可小幅度升高，又有同软化；铝氟联合作用时类骨质矿化延迟时间仍过长，骨矿沉积率已高于对照，存在明显分离。氟可提高矿物元素含量，使骨矿化与骨硬化在骨组织不同层面茯结合成年病人的情况，认为铝氟联合 作用骨损害的表现与骨代谢速度及细胞生物化学和物理化学骨形成方式偏转的变化密切相关。     

去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢紊乱机制研究

测定了去卵巢大鼠骨元素含量和血清相关激素和细胞因子含量,分析了去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢紊乱的机制。将健康4月龄SD大鼠18只随机分成3组：正常对照组,假去卵巢大鼠组和去卵巢大鼠组。结果表明,去卵巢大鼠骨Ca、Mg、S、Mn、Zn等含量显著降低,P含量显著升高,血清E2、P、CT、GH等含量显著降低,IL-6、FSH、LH等含量显著升高。提示去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢紊乱是雌激素水平下降与其他因素共同作用的结果。     

尼尔雌醇对去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢的影响

用测定骨元素含量的方法，分析了尼尔雌醇对去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢的影响。将健康4月龄雌性SD大鼠35只随机分成正常对照组、假去卵巢组、去卵巢组和去卵巢 尼尔雌醇组。结果表明，去卵巢大鼠骨Ca、Mg、S、Mn、Zn含量显著降低，P含量显著增加。尼尔雌醇可使去卵巢大鼠降低的骨Ca、Mg、S、Mn、Zn含量显著回升，骨P含量显著回降。尼尔雌醇可纠正去卵巢所致的骨元素代谢紊乱。     

运动加强尼尔雌醇抗去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢紊乱的作用

用测定骨元素含量的方法．研究了运动加强尼尔雌醇抗去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢紊乱的作用。将健康4月龄雌性SD大鼠40只随机分成4组：A组为假去卵巢组;B组为去卵巢组;C组为去卵巢 CCE3组;D组为去卵巢 CCE3 运动组。运动用大鼠专用跑台中等强度训练,持续10周。结果表明,去卵巢大鼠骨Da、Mg、S、Mn、Zn等含量显著降低,P含量显著增加。CCE3使去卵巢大鼠降低的骨Ca、Mg、S、Mn、Zn等含量显著回升,P含量显著下降。联合应用CCE3和运动使去卵巢大鼠骨Ca、Mg、S、Mn、Zn等含量增加的作用较单纯使用CCE3的作用显著加强。但两者对骨P含量的影响无显著差异。提示运动可加强CCE3对抗由于去卵巢引起的大鼠骨元素代谢紊乱的作用。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。