利用FAAS法测定利水渗湿类中草药中锌、铁、铜、锰含量

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法（FAAS）测定了6种利水渗湿类中草药（茯苓、泽泻、苡仁、茵陈、猪苓、革解）中锌、铁、铜、锰4种微量元素的含量．采用浓的HNO3＋HClO4（4＋1,V/V）混合酸消解样品,对测定结果进行了准确度和精密度评价,其加标回收率在92．3％-109．0％之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）不大于2．31％．测定结果表明：6种中草药中都含有丰富的微量元素,其中Cu含量相对偏低．     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定抗癌中草药中11种微量元素

采用在600℃灰化法处理样品,浓硝酸溶解灰化残渣,溶液定容为50 mL,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了20种抗癌中草药中钙、锾、锰、铜、铁、锌、镉、铅、钴、镍、铬等11种微量元素.结果表明:抗癌中草药中除含有丰富的钙、镁、铁外,还含有较高含量的锌、锰、铜等对人体有益的微量元素.以丹皮样品为基体,加入11种元素的标准溶液作回收试验,回收率在92.3%～107.5%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)在2.1%～5.2%之间.     

火焰原子吸收法测定翼梗五味子中微量元素的含量

目的：运用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定中草药翼梗五味子藤中的 Fe、 Zn、 Mg、 Ca、 Cu 5种微量元素的含量。方法用浓 HNO3-HClO4消解样品,采用标准曲线法测定其5种金属元素含量。结果所测的样品中含有丰富的人体必需微量元素, Ca 含量尤其丰富,高达15827μg/g。方法回收率在99．7％～105．0％之间,样品相对偏差小于5％。结论该法快速简便、重复性好、准确度好,适用于同类生物样品中微量元素的测定,结果令人满意。     

不同产地柴胡中微量元素的测定分析

分别采用火焰原子吸收法测定了不同产地柴胡中微量元素钙、镁、铁、铜、锌的含量。结果表明,柴胡中富含对人体有益的钙、镁、铁、铜、锌等微量元素,且不同产地柴胡中各微量元素含量有所差异,为鉴别药材的产地特征及柴胡药效功能的研究和利用提供了依据。     

补阴类中草药中四种微量元素的测定

为测定补阴类中药中Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn 4种微量元素的含量,采用V(HNO3)+V(HClO4)=4+1混合酸常压微沸条件下消解样品,运用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了补阴类中草药女贞子、桑寄生、木蝴蝶中Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn 4种微量元素的含量。结果表明,3种中草药Fe含量最高,Zn、Mn次之,Cu含量最低。该法的加标回收率在95.2%～105.4%之间,RSD<2.000 0%,具有良好的准确度和精确度。结果为这类中药保健作用的进一步开发提供了参考。     

紫云英蜂蜜中三种微量元素的测定

目的测定市售紫云英蜂蜜中微量元素铁铜锌的含量。方法采用混酸V(HNO3)+V(HCl O4)=4+1消解样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定蜂蜜中Fe、Cu、Zn微量元素的含量。结果蜂蜜中铁元素、锌元素、铜元素质量分数分别是10.520 0、0.505 6、0.104 6μg/g,实验加标回收率在96.0%~100.6%之间,RSD在0.57%~1.55%之间,方法准确可靠。结论对市售紫云英蜂蜜中铁铜锌元素含量进行测定,为紫云英蜂蜜的进一步研究和应用提供相关数据参考。     

23种中国和法国小麦样品及小麦面粉样品的九种元素的分析

通过采电电感耦合等离子发射光谱对10种法国小麦样品、2种中国小麦样品、7种法国小麦面粉样品以及4种中国面粉样品进行了钙、镁、锌、铁、锰、铜、钼、钾及磷共9种微和常量元素的含量分析.结果表明:小麦样品中元素含量最高的为磷、钾和镁,其次为钙、铁、锌、锰、铜和钼.小麦面粉样品中元素含量最高的为磷、钾、钙和镁,其次为铁、锌、锰、铜和钼.法国小麦样品中的1号样品(TREMIE)是居第一位的含微量元素量较高的小麦品种,中国小麦面粉样品的11号样品(标粉)是居第一位含微量元素较高的小麦面粉样品.其中对人体有益的元素远远不能满足人体的需要.     

中草药及其生长土壤中6种重金属元素含量相关性初探

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定了中草药中重金属元素(铁、锰、铜、锌、镉、铅)的含量,并对中草药的生长环境土壤中重金属元素的化学形态及其分布进行了研究。文中提出了中草药样品用硝酸-过氧化氢-水(5+2+1)混合溶液消解,并叙述了土壤样品中元素的各种形态(水溶态、可溶态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物态、有机质结合态)的提取方法和试液。结果表明:所测中草药中重金属元素含量明显低于土壤中元素的含量;土壤中铁、锌、铜主要以有机质结合态存在,锰以铁锰氧化物态为主。几种药材中均含有较高量的铁、锰、锌,土壤中也含有较高量的有效态铁、锰、锌,说明中草药与土壤中重金属之间存在有生物迁移作用。     

紫外分光光度法测定中草药中铁的含量

对白芍、党参、白术、茵陈、天冬、枸杞子、当归、菟丝子、金银花、桔梗中微量元素铁的含量进行了测定,为进一步研究其药理作用提供基础。中草药消化后配制成溶液,用邻二氮菲作显色剂,使用UV-1200型紫外分光光度计在510 nm处测定各样品的吸光度(A),求出样品中微量元素铁的含量。结果显示,当归和金银花中铁的含量较丰富,分别为(135.367 8±0.111 1)μg/g和(125.936 4±0.159 9)μg/g;桔梗含铁量最少,为(3.510 9±0.159 9)μg/g,10种中草药中铁含量有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结果为使用中草药治疗系统疾病提供了可靠数据,10种中草药在用量范围内Fe含量适合人体每天正常摄入量。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定龋齿牙釉质和牙本质中微量元素

牙齿样品经硝酸-高氯酸体系消解,应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定龋齿和健康齿的牙釉质与牙本质中锌、铁、铜、锶、镁、铬、铝和铅等微量元素的含量。在优化的试验条件下,各元素的测定下限(10S/N)均为0.03 mg.L-1,回收率在96.3%～114.0%之间。探讨龋病的牙釉质和牙本质与这些微量元素的关系,试验结果表明:锌、铁、铜和锶在健康齿组牙釉质和牙本质中的含量均高于龋齿组中的含量,而镁、铬、铝和铅的含量则均明显低于龋齿组中含量,说明牙齿中的微量元素是指示龋病的一种因子。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。