地质样品中岩性自动分类X—射线荧光光谱分析研究

鉴于地质样品岩性变化大，容易引起对Ｘ－射线荧光分析准确度的影响，尤其是主、次量元素受影响更大，因此，作者提出了岩性自动分类，交互有效－基本参数法分析地质样品中主、次量元素，并与原有的经验系数和其它方法进行了比较。结果表明本方法的准确度更好些，对岩性的变化具有更好的适应能力。     

X射线荧光光谱法分析玻璃纤维中主、次量元素成分

采用粉末压片-波长色散X射线荧光光谱法分析了中碱及无碱玻璃纤维中硅、铝、钙、镁、铁、钛、钾、钠、砷、氟等10种主、次量元素成分含量。以6个标准样品并结合两个参考样品建立校准曲线，采用DeJongh模式方程有效校正玻璃基体中元素间的吸收增强效应和重叠效应。该方法测定10个元素的精密度和准确度均较好，其相对标准偏差在0．35％～2．86％之间，对实际样品的分析结果与化学法相吻合，可应用于玻璃纤维中多元素成分的快速分析。     

微波等离子体发射光谱法(MP-AES)测定地质样品中的主量和微量元素

采用了微波等离子体发射光谱仪,针对地质矿石类样品进行了多种主量和微量元素的快速分析,验证了方法的检出限,准确度以及相关一致性。结果表明,采用Agilent 4100 MP-AES分析一系列地质样品效果良好,与传统原子吸收光谱法(AAS)相比,操作简便成本低,安全性更高,适合此类地质样品的分析。     

X-射线荧光光谱分析中偏最小二乘回归技术与基本参数法的研究

将偏最小二乘回归技术(PLS)与X-射线荧光分析中的基本参数法(FP)相结合,编制PLSFP软件,运用熔样技术,可以定量测定地质岩石样品中的十三个主,次量元素,并使准确度提高,模型预测能力增强。模型选择和最佳维数的确定方法是成功的关键。PLSFP软件采用结构化编程,由标准FORTRAN 77语言写成,可在UNIX,XENIX和DOS操作系统下运行。     

四酸消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定磷矿石中的8种微量重金属元素

本文研究提出了一种混合四酸（硝酸－氢氟酸－高氯酸－硫酸）分解体系,解决了传统四酸（盐酸-硝酸－氢氟酸－高氯酸）或三酸（硝酸－氢氟酸－高氯酸）溶矿耗酸量大、部分元素溶解不完全等缺点。建立了四酸敞口分解-电感耦合等离子质谱法同时测定磷矿样品中钨、钼、铊、镉、铋、铀、钍、铬等8种微量元素的方法,结果和经典碱溶法比对,准确度满意。讨论了分解方法对易挥发元素、难溶元素的影响,选取了合适的分析同位素及采用干扰校正方程以消除质谱干扰,利用103Rh和186Re为内标元素,有效校正了分析信号的动态漂移,方法的检出限为0.010～0.35μg /g、精密度均小于6%、加标回收率在93.4%～108%间。在不增加分析成本的情况下,一份溶液还可以同时用于ICP-OES及ICP-MS法测定其它主量及微量元素,方法简单、快捷、实用,适合推广应用。     

流动注射—冷蒸气原子吸收法测定垃圾样品中泵

研究了反应介质浓度及其流速，反应管道长度，共存元素等对使用ＬＺ－１２００型流动注射氢化物发生器和ＷＦＸ－１０型原子有收分光光度计测定垃圾样品中汞的影响。方法准确度，精密均匀好，且操作简单，试剂用量少，分析速度快。经实验应用，结果满意。     

ICP-AES法测定高合金钢中主合金元素含量

利用全谱直读ICP－AES（CID检测器）分析技术，通过对试样溶解方法，元素分析谱线和背景校正扣除，仪器分析参数等因素进行了试验研究，综合确定了最佳试验条件，并采用元素多谱线平均值法对高合金钢中主合金元素进行了光谱分析。结果表明，方法测定高合金钢中主合金元素的准确度和精密度符合国家标准中允许误差的要求，可用于日常材质的检验。     

苯基荧光酮—TritonX—100析相光度—主成分回归法测定痕量铁,铝,铜

本文研究了铁、铝、铜在苯基荧光酮（ＰＦ（－Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ－Ｘ－１００体系中的析相显色反应特性及适宜条件，提出了用主成分回归法处理络合物吸收光谱严重迭的干扰作用，同时测定人发中的铁、铝、铜的方法，还讨论了ＰＣＲ法中各参数取值对未知样品预测结果准确度的影响。     

封闭压力酸溶-ICP-MS法分析地质样品中47个元素的评价

对封闭压力酸溶－ICP－MS法同时测定地质样品中47个元素的效果和适用范围进行了实测评价。并对溶样条件进行了优化。实验结果表明，HF－HNO3高温高压酸溶是一种有效的样品分解方法，在所测定的47个元素中，大部分元素如Li,Be,Ti,V,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Zr,Nb,Mo,Cd,In,Sn,Sb,Hf,Ta,W,Tl,Pb,Bi等在大多数标样中在三种取样量下都可以得到满意的回收率。而Sc,Cr,Ga,Y,REE,Rb,Cs,Sr,Ba,Th,U等元素在大部分样品中则随取样量减少，回收率上升，在一些样品中，当取样量降至25mg时，可以获得满意的回收率。用王水代替HNO3复溶残渣，利用氯离子的络合作用促进复溶，使许多元素的回收率有了明显的提高。     

阳离子交换树脂分离-偏最小二乘光度法测定地质样品中的金、铂、钯、铑

本文采用阳离子交换树脂分离地质样品中的贱金属元素，利用偏最小二乘回归光度法在Mn＋－SnCl2－丁基罗丹明B－阿拉伯胶－乳化剂OP高灵敏的离子缔合物体系中对金、铂、钯、铑同时进行测定。结果表明，该方法灵敏度高，操作简便，可同时测定地质样品中痕量贵金属元素金、铂、钯、铑，其标准回入回收率为92．4％～107％。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.