四酸消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定磷矿石中的8种微量重金属元素

本文研究提出了一种混合四酸（硝酸－氢氟酸－高氯酸－硫酸）分解体系,解决了传统四酸（盐酸-硝酸－氢氟酸－高氯酸）或三酸（硝酸－氢氟酸－高氯酸）溶矿耗酸量大、部分元素溶解不完全等缺点。建立了四酸敞口分解-电感耦合等离子质谱法同时测定磷矿样品中钨、钼、铊、镉、铋、铀、钍、铬等8种微量元素的方法,结果和经典碱溶法比对,准确度满意。讨论了分解方法对易挥发元素、难溶元素的影响,选取了合适的分析同位素及采用干扰校正方程以消除质谱干扰,利用103Rh和186Re为内标元素,有效校正了分析信号的动态漂移,方法的检出限为0.010～0.35μg /g、精密度均小于6%、加标回收率在93.4%～108%间。在不增加分析成本的情况下,一份溶液还可以同时用于ICP-OES及ICP-MS法测定其它主量及微量元素,方法简单、快捷、实用,适合推广应用。     

微波消解-高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱 (HR-ICP-MS)法测定煤炭中35种痕量金属元素

高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱可以区分干扰元素和目标元素微弱的质量数差别,能解决大多数多原子、氧化物干扰问题,在煤炭痕量元素分析领域受到关注,但煤炭样品中痕量金属元素尤其是稀土元素受到的质谱干扰挑战未被系统地报道.采用HNO3-HF混酸微波消解煤炭样品,优化了消解时间、赶酸、复溶等前处理条件,研究了煤炭中V、Cr、Mn、C...     

ICP—AES法同时直接测定血清中钾钠锌铜铁钙镁

血清中元素含量的测定,目前普遍采用酸溶消化处理后再进行各元素测定。由于血清中Zn、Cu、Fe等的含量很低,酸溶时空白较高.为降低空白.往往要求取样量大,这对于有限的试样很难做到.本文用ICP-AES法,仅要0.1ml血清.直接稀释后测血清中K、Na、Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mg等元素含量.既克服了前处理试剂等带来的污染和实验室要求高度清洁的困难,又避免了需要取样量大的问题.该方法最大优点是:简单、快速、准确度高、成本低.样品前处理只需稀释摇匀.平均1min内测定一个样品并打印出各元素的含量结果。用GBW09131牛血清标准物质进行鉴控测定。结果与给出的标值吻合很好。测每个样品所消耗的材料成本低.特别适用于大批量样品分析,结果满意。     

ICP–OES法测定八氧化三铀中杂质元素钨

以ICP–OES法测定八氧化三铀中杂质元素钨。采用浓HNO3–浓HCl、浓HNO–HF、3 mol/L HNO3三步酸溶方案,利用CL–TBP萃淋树脂将铀基体分离,淋洗液基质为3 mol/L HNO3,淋洗液流速为1 mL/min。弃去最初2 mL死体积淋洗液后接收10 mL,分离回收率平均值为95.93%,线性方程为y=539.71x+16.6,相关系数r2=0.999 7,4水平样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.39%~3.12%(n=6)。用该方法对标准物质进行测定,测定结果在参考值范围内。     

阳极溶出伏安法直接测定藻液中的Cu(Ⅱ)

研究了一种简单快速直接测定含微藻胞外产物海水中Cu(Ⅱ)含量的方法.将含微藻胞外产物的海水样品用7.7 mol/L HNO3酸化后,用阳极溶出伏安法直接测定其中Cu(Ⅱ)的含量.结果表明,4个不同样品5次平行测定的相对标准偏差为1.6%~3.0%,回收率为90.1%~119.2%,与消解后的测定结果无显著差别.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定口红中铅的方法研究

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱准确测定口红中铅的方法.考察了不同混合酸对样品消解的效果.由HNO3+HF+H2O2组成的混合酸对称样量小于0.2 g的口红样品具有很好的消解效果;分别测定了霜类化妆品标准物质中的Pb元素和两种口红样品,验证了方法的准确度和精密度(＜3.0%).     

不同杏李品种果实中微量元素含量的测定

用HNO3-HClO4混合酸液消解样品,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了恐龙蛋、味王、味厚和风味皇后4个杏李品种果实中K,Mg,Ca,Na,Zn,Fe,Cu和Mn 8种元素的含量。结果表明,各元素在实验范围内,线性关系良好,回收率在98％～104％之间,结果较为满意。测定结果表明,4个杏李品种果实中均含有丰富的K,Mg,Ca,Zn等人体必需的生命元素,说明杏李果实具有较高的营养价值。     

微波消解-高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法(HR-ICP-MS)测定煤炭中35种痕量金属元素

高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱可以区分干扰元素和目标元素微弱的质量数差别,能解决大多数多原子、氧化物干扰问题,在煤炭痕量元素分析领域受到关注,但煤炭样品中痕量金属元素尤其是稀土元素受到的质谱干扰挑战未被系统地报道。本文采用HNO3-HF混酸微波消解煤炭样品,优化了消解时间、赶酸、复溶等前处理条件,研究了煤炭中钒、铬、锰、钴、镍、铜、镓、锗、砷、铷、锶、钇、铌、钼、镉、锡、锑、铯、钡、镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、镝、钆、铽、钬、铒、镥、铪、铊、铅、钍共35种痕量金属元素在低、中、高分辨率下的质谱干扰,采用高分辨率模式测定Ge、Nd、Eu、Gd、Ho、Er、Lu,采用中分辨率模式测定Ga,采用低分辨率模式测定其余元素,建立了高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱测定煤炭中35种痕量金属元素的方法。在优化的实验条件下,各元素标准曲线线性相关系数均在0.9999以上,检出限为0.001~0.082 μg/g。选择煤炭标准样品（SARM 20）进行方法验证,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.27%~6.27%,测定值与标准值基本一致,标准样品中无认证值的元素进行加标回收试验,加标回收率为85.8%~116.55%。选取俄罗斯其它烟煤、澳大利亚其它烟煤、蒙古炼焦煤、印度尼西亚褐煤、俄罗斯无烟煤、印度尼西亚其它烟煤6个代表性样品进行测试,分析了不同产地煤炭的痕量金属元素含量差异。Mn、Ba、Sr以及稀土元素在6种煤炭中存在显著性差异,可为煤炭原产地溯源分析奠定基础。     

高压密闭消解-钼蓝分光光度法测定钴铬烤瓷合金中硅

在HNO3-HCl-HF混酸中高压密闭消解,采用钼蓝分光光度法测定钴铬烤瓷合金中的硅量。研究了酸体系、消解时间及共存离子对硅测定的影响。方法用于已知样品的测定,相对标准偏差小于3%(n=11),加标回收率为98.9%~101%。方法精密度高、准确度好,能够满足钴铬烤瓷合金中硅含量测定的要求。     

ICP-AES法同时测定锰矿石中铁、铝、钛、钙、镁、磷、钡、铅的含量

锰矿石样品用HNO3-HF-HClO4酸溶除硅后,对采用ICP-AES法测定其中的铁、铝、钛、钙、镁、磷时,同时测定钡、铅的相关条件进行了试验。主要对酸溶样能否分解重晶石或天青石等含钡矿物进行了探讨,测定了3个国家级标准样品。测定结果与标准值吻合。用标准加入法测得的钡和铅的回收率分别为96．0％-100．5％,97．1％～100．0％。用该法对含钡量较高的澳大利亚锰矿进行分析,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0-82％,并将测定结果与X荧光光谱法测定结果进行了比对。     

Evaluation of the homogeneity of the environmental standard reference material — esturine sediment SRM 1646 by INAA and SRXRF

The distribution homogeneities of 13 elements (As, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, La, Rb, Sc, Sm and Th) in the esturine sediment SRM1646 have been evaluated by INAA and synchronous radiation-based X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in the range of sampling amounts from 10 μg to 20 mg. The experimental results reveal that the homogeneities of the elements studied relate to their species and sampling amount. The sampling constants of these elements have been calculated.     

Separation and preconcentration of the rare-earth elements and yttrium from geological materials by ion-exchange and sequential acid elution

The abundance of rare-earth elements (REE) and yttrium in geological materials is generally low, and most samples contain elements that interfere in the determination of the REE and Y, so a separation and/or preconcentration step is often necessary. This is often achieved by ion-exchange chromatography with either nitric or hydrochloric acid. It is advantageous, however, to use both acids sequentially. The final solution thus obtained contains only the REE and Y, with minor amounts of Al, Ba, Ca, Sc, Sr and Ti. Elements that potentially interfere, such as Be, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Th, U, V and Zr, are virtually eliminated. Inductively-coupled argon plasma atomic-emission spectroscopy can then be used for a final precise and accurate measurement. The method can also be used with other instrumental methods of analysis.     

Determination of yttrium, scandium and other rare earth elements in uranium-rich geological materials by ICP-AES

A rapid method is described for the determination of yttrium, scandium, and other rare earth elements (REEs) in uranium-rich geological samples (containing more than 0.1% U) and in pitch blende type of samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after separation of uranium by selective precipitation of the analytes as hydroxides using H(2)O(2)/NaOH in the presence of iron as carrier. Uranium goes into solution as soluble peruranate complex. The precipitated rare earth hydroxides (including Y and Sc) are filtered and dissolved in hydrochloric acid prior to their aspiration into plasma for their individual estimation after selecting interference free REE emission lines. The method has also been applied to some international reference standards like SY-2 and SY-3 (by doping a known amount of uranium) along with one in-house pitch blende sample and the REE values were found to be in agreement with the most usable values, offering an R.S.D. of 1-8.8% for all the REEs', Y and Sc. The method compared well, with the well- established cation exchange separation procedure.     

Elemental analysis of local soda samples using instrumental neutron activation analysis

Nigerian soda samples have been analyzed for major, minor and trace elements using instrumental neutron activation analysis. The following elements were determined; Na, Sm, U, La, Cr, Eu, Zn, Hf, Fe, Sc, Ba, Rb, Cs, Co, Au, Yb, Lu, Th, Ce, Zr, Se, As and Ta. The samples appear safe to use in human diet, although they may still require industrial purification to bring down the level of nonessential elements and those that could be toxic when present at high concentration.     

Determination of trace elements in granites by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Proposed is a simple and reliable method for the dissolution of granite and the determination of 38 elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. One hundred milligrams of sample are digested with 1 ml of HF and 0.5 ml of HNO(3) in screw top PTFE-lined stainless steel bombs at 190 degrees C for 12 h. Insoluble residues are dissolved using 8 ml of 40% HNO(3) (v/v) heated to 110 degrees C for 3 h. Six granite standard reference materials (GSR-1, JG-2, G-2, NIM-G, SG-3, SG-1a) were studied. Analytical calibration was accomplished using aqueous standard solutions. Rhodium was used as an internal standard to correct for matrix effects and instrument drift. We report data for: Li, Be, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cs, Ba, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, Th, U and 14 of the rare earth elements. The recoveries for most of these elements in granite ranged from 90 to 110%.     

Determination of some trace elements in natural and fertilised Libyan soils using INAA and ED-XRF

Samples of natural and fertilised soils were collected from Al-Gheran region, west of Tripoli, Libya. The samples were investigated by means of INAA and ED-XRF for Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Cs, Ba, Hf, Ta, Pb and Th. The results indicate that the concentrations of K, Ca, Zn, Sr and Pb are 2–4 fold higher in fertilised compared to natural soil, while the concentrations of Al, Si, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Rb, Y, Nb, Cs, Ba Ta and Th are nearly the same in all samples. Mn and Fe values in two arable soils have been found to be 4–6 times lower than the average concentration in the earth's surface soils. This study concludes that, although the levels of some trace elements important for human health are very low in both natural and fertilised soils. Further research is needed to understand the full significance of the distribution transfer and toxicity of trace elements introduced in imported fertilisers.     

Rare earths and other trace elements in cretaceous clays from central Portugal

Eight rare-earth elements (REE), namely La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, and Lu, as well as other elements (Na, K, Sc, Cr, Fe, Co, Rb, Cs, Ba, Hf, Ta, and Th), have been determined in fifteen cretaceous clay samples of continental facies by instrumental neutron activation analysis. It was found that the REE contents are variable in absolute and relative values, but the means of these values are similar to those of European, shales. Analyses have also been made of the fractions <38 m and <2 m (clay-sized). The mineral contents of the clay-sized fraction were determined semi-quantitatively by X-ray diffraction. The results suggest the preferential presence of REE, Hf, and Th in fractions 2–38 m, which can be explained by the presence of apatite, monazite, and zircon. A correlation study of chemical and mineralogical data of the clay-sized fraction showed that kaolinite is correlated with REE, specially the lighter ones; illite with K, Rb, and Cs; and smectite with Na.     

Neutron activation analysis of 13 minor and trace elements in geological samples

A scheme of analysis for the determination of Na, Mn, U, Th, Hf, Sc, La, Ce, Eu, Tb, Co, Rb and Cs in geological samples using the neutron activation technique has been described. The results obtained in this work on eight geological standard rocks and a trachyte are presented and compared with literature data.     

Evaluation of strontium isotope abundance ratios in combination with multi-elemental analysis as a possible tool to study the geographical origin of ciders

In order to evaluate alternative analytical methodologies to study the geographical origin of ciders, both multi-elemental analysis and Sr isotope abundance ratios in combination with multivariate statistical analysis were estimated in 67 samples from England, Switzerland, France and two Spanish regions (Asturias and the Basque Country). A methodology for the precise and accurate determination of the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope abundance ratio in ciders by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) was developed. Major elements (Na, K, Ca and Mg) were measured by ICP-AES and minor and trace elements (Li, Be, B, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, W, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U) were measured by ICP-MS using a collision cell instrument operated in multitune mode. An analysis of variance (ANOVA test) indicated that group means for B, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Se, Cd, Cs, Ce, W, Pb, Bi and U did not show any significant differences at the 95% confidence level, so these elements were rejected for further statistical analysis. Another group of elements (Li, Be, Sc, Co, Ga, Y, Sn, Sb, La, Tl, Th) was removed from the data set because concentrations were close to the limits of detection for many samples. Therefore, the remaining elements (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ba) together with ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope abundance ratio were considered for principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Finally, LDA was able to classify correctly 100% of cider samples coming from different Spanish regions, France, England and Switzerland when considering Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ba and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope abundance ratio as original variables.