主成分分析用于浙贝母中无机元素含量的研究

采用原子吸收光谱（AAS）法测定了10个浙贝母样品中12种无机元素的含量,建立浙贝母无机元素指纹图谱,并用SPSS13．0方差分析和主成分分析对浙贝母中的微量元素进行了分析。结果表明,浙贝母的特征无机元素是Cd,Cu,Pb,Mg,Cr,Fe,Zn。可见主成分分析法是浙贝母无机元素分析的有效方法。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定钢中的有害元素

采用X射线荧光光谱法测定钢中有害元素P.S.AS.Pb.Zn.Sn的含量,实现了钢中有害元素P.S.AS.Pb.Zn.Sn含量的在线分析。各待测成分的分析范围为：P0.0042％～0.047％.S0．0094％～0.073％.AS0.011％～0.092％.Pb0.0012％～0．087％.Zn0．0005％～0．011％.Sn0．0093％～0．095％。用该方法对标准样品进行测定。测定结果与标准值基本一致,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1．08％～1．90％(n=10)。     

卡尔曼滤波—紫外分光光度法同时快速测定4种嘌呤和嘧啶碱的含量

本文用卡尔曼滤波算法结合紫外分光光度法不经分离同时测定了腺嘌呤（Ａ），胸腺嘧啶（Ｔ），胞嘧啶（Ｃ），鸟嘌呤（Ｇ）４种含氮碱混合物中各成分的含量。测得模拟混合样品中各种碱的平均回收率范围１０１．８％－１０７．７％。也可用卡尔曼滤波算法鉴别别碱的种类。     

X-射线荧光光谱法测定白云石中主次量组分

采用粉末压片x-射线荧光光谱法测定白云石中氧化镁、氧化钙、二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、三氧化二铁和二氧化钛含量。采用校正曲线和基体校准一体的回归方程进行谱线重叠干扰校正和基体效应校正。将白云石样品进行磨细处理,在压片机上制成样片,直接在X-射线荧光光谱仪上按照选定的分析条件,以标准样品做工作曲线,利用工作曲线测定样品含量。通过与国家标准化学法以及熔片法对照,分析结果与标准值、熔片法结果吻合,主含量元素测定结果相对误差不超过10％,同一样品12次测定结果相对标准偏差不超过10％。该方法简便、快速、准确、重现性好。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定中药方剂煎煮液中的微量元素

本文采用HNO3－H2O2对中药方剂煎煮液进行处理，拟定了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定试样中12个微量元素的方法，选择了仪器的最佳工作条件，考察了基本效应的影响。在选定条件下，12个微量元素的检出限为0．10－5．0ng/g，相对标准偏差为0.10%-9.5%(n=10),加标回收率为85％－103％。该方法简单、快速，已用于大量样品的检测，分析结果满意。     

微波消解-ICP-AES法测定欧盟REACH高度关注物质

采用浓HNO3-H2O2溶液微波法消解样品,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）测定欧盟REACH高度关注物质样品中Sn,As,Pb,Co,Cr元素的含量。样品中Sn,As,Pb,Co,Cr元素的含量在0．01～10mg／L范围内与发射强度呈线性关系,线性相关系数大于0．9999,各元素的回收率在94．9％～104．8％之间,样品测定结果的相对标准偏差小于5％（n=10）。Sn,As,Pb,Co,Cr元素的检出限分别为0．004,0．004,0．005,0．002,0．002mg／L。该方法测定结果准确可靠,适用于欧盟REACH高关注物质的快速初筛。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定普洱生茶中10种矿质元素并结合化学计量法用于溯源茶产地

参考国家标准GB 5009.268-2016,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）对云南省3个不同产地的90个普洱生茶样品中铅、镉、镁、铝、钾、钙、锰、铁、铜、锌等10种矿质元素进行测定,采用聚类分析、主成分分析、线性判别分析探讨矿质元素溯源普洱生茶产地的可行性,筛选出有效的溯源指标。结果显示：10种矿质元素的质量浓度在1.0～100.0μg·L^-1内与其对应的响应值与内标响应值的比值呈线性关系,检出限（3s）为0.002～1μg·g^-1;茶叶标准物质的测定值与认定值基本一致;并且不同产地普洱生茶中10种矿质元素的含量特征均不相同。从矿质元素含量的角度进行聚类分析,90个普洱生茶样品可以分为三大类,与实际分类结果相符。主成分分析得到两个主成分,其累计方差贡献率达80.381%。铅、镉、钙、锰、铁、铜、锌等7种元素被引入到产地判别模型中,利用模型对3个不同产地的普洱生茶样品进行初始检验和交叉检验,识别率均为100%;并利用该模型对来自保山的普洱生茶样品进行外部检验,识别率为0。     

对某医药-护肤液成分的剖析研究

采用了溶剂抽提与多种仪器相配合的分析方法，对某医药-护肤液的成分进行了剖析．其主要医药成分的富集，以乙醚为最佳，浓缩富集物的纯度可达99％．以高效液相色谱(HPLC)、质谱(MS)、红外光谱(IR)、元素分析等几种仪器分析相互配合完成了样品的定性、定量测定．结果表明，此护肤液的主要医药成分为氯霉素(D(-)threo-2，2-dichloro-N-[β-hydroxy-α-hydroxymethyl)-P-nitrophenethyl)acetamide，chloramphenicol，chloromycetin)．主要美容基质成分为1，2-丙二醇．此外，还有罗红霉素、地塞米松、乙二醇、乙醇等成分．     

塞曼原子吸收光谱法测定母乳牛奶中铜锌铁钙镁

为了正确评价母乳和牛奶中几种微量元素的营养价值，着重研究了样品前处理和仪器条件选择。结果发现采用浓ＨＮＯ３＋Ｈ２Ｏ２湿法消化样品，操作简单快速，ＲＳＤ＜７．５％，回收率９６．０％～１０５％．还列举了样品中五种元素含量范围。本法适宜大批临床样品测定。     

ICP-AES 法测定我国三个不同地域生长的板栗中20种元素

应用ICP—AES测定了我国三个不同地域生长的板栗中20种无机元素的含量并作了成分的比较研究，对试样的溶解条件及仪器的工作参数也进行了研究和优化。各元素分析结果的RSD值在0．11％～6．9％之间，回收率在95．1％～108．0％之间。     

Chemical characterization of soda-lime glass samples by in situ current normalised PIGE and conventional INAA methods for forensic applications

Nuclear analytical methods namely in situ current normalised Particle Induced Gamma Ray Emission (PIGE) and conventional Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) were utilized for determining major, minor and trace concentrations of eighteen elements in five soda-lime (automobile) glass samples. Concentration of four major elements (Si, Na, Mg and Al) by PIGE and fourteen elements including ten trace elements by INAA were determined. For forensic application, major elements were used for confirming the class of glass samples, whereas concentration results of trace elements like transition and rare earth elements were utilized for finding similarity or differences among the glass samples.

     

Application of k0-method in instrumental neutron activation analysis to glass matrix: test study for low power research reactor GHARR-1

In this work k₀-INAA (via IAEAk₀-software) has been applied on glass samples to determine major, minor and trace element concentration. As many as 50 elements were detected and quantified with 3–5 mg of 0.1 % AuAl comparator monitor (0.1 % gold–99.9 %Alumimum wire). The average concentration of SiO₂, Na₂O, CaO, Al₂O₃ and MgO ranged between 76–96 %, 11.15–12.66 %, 5.26–10.71 %, 1.13–2.73 % and 3.51–6.23 % respectively. The relative concentrations of impurity elements; Cr, Fe, Mn and Co determined from the glass samples were used to match the physical appearance (color) of the glass based on general knowledge of colored glass production. The analytical procedure was validated using SRM 610 (glass matrix) and SRM GBW07106 (rock matrix) both as control samples which indicated a relative uncertainty of 15 and 6 % respectively for SRM 610 and SRM GBW07106. The relative sensitivity at which some of the elements were detected in major, minor and trace levels have indicated, that the k₀-method in instrumental neutron activation analysis using low power research reactor is a useful technique in glass analysis and could equally be used for forensic and archeological glass characterization.     

Trace element characterization of medieval and post-medieval glass objects by means of INAA and EPMA

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was applied to create a database for minor and trace elements in medieval and post-medieval glassware in order to establish a methodology for estimating the origin of the glass objects. First, general characterization of glass types was done on the basis of the results obtained by the use of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Information received by the use of INAA provided the additional valuable data reflecting to some extent the method of preparation or the differentiation of various sources of certain raw materials. Several glass samples and a set of various reference glass materials were used for our experiments.     

基体归一定量技术在激光烧蚀-等离子体质谱法锆石原位多元素分析中的应用

探讨了内标法和基体归一法校准的基本原理。基体归一校准法的基本步骤为:先用简单外标法测得样品中尽可能全的主、次、痕量元素含量,氧化物加和后进行100%归一,得到灵敏度校正系数,对所有元素的测定结果进行修正。修正结果的可靠性在很大程度上取决于测定元素是否"完全"。由于锆石的基体元素组成简单且易于测定,很适合用基体归一法校准。在激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(LA-ICP-MS)微区原位分析中,应用基体归一校准法的最大优点是:可以避免预先用其它微区分析技术对未知样品中的内标元素进行定量。该技术可适用于具有环带结构、难以找到均匀分布的内标元素的地质样品的元素空间分布测定。在高分辨ICP-MS(Element2)和NewWave-UV-213激光系统上,应用基体归一定量技术同时分析了锆石中主、次、痕量共54种元素。对未知锆石样品的分析,基体归一法与内标法结果的一致性令人满意。分析德国蛇纹岩标准玻璃ATHO-G中相对误差<25%的有52个元素,<10%的有36个元素;大多数元素的相对标准偏差<10%。     

激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱分析硅酸盐矿物基体效应的研究

标样与样品之间基体效应的差异是影响LA-ICP-MS分析结果准确度的重要因素,而元素的相对灵敏度因子(RSF)是基体效应的重要表征.本研究考察了17个玻璃标样中49种常见元素及10个电子探针天然硅酸盐矿物标样中10种主、微量元素RSF的差异,比较了以Ca,Al,Si为内标对基体效应的补偿作用及元素分馏效应的影响.结果表...     

Instrumental photon activation analysis of coal fly ashes using the internal standard method coupled with the standard addition method

Multielement determinations of coal fly ashes (NIST SRM-1633a and BCR CRM-38) have been carried out by instrumental photon activation analysis using 30 MeV bremsstrahlung and the internal standard method coupled with the standard addition method. In these determinations, some major and minor constituent elements in the samples were properly used as effective internal standards. As a result, it was demonstrated that concentrations of 18 elements were determined accurately and precisely. Furthermore, a similar multielement determination has also been examined using 20 MeV bremsstrahlung. In this case, it was proved that better results can be achieved, because all interfering reactions were eliminated completely.     

X-射线荧光光谱法测定锆矿石中锆硅铁钛铝钙

采用熔片法制样,建立了X-射线荧光测定锆矿石中锆、硅、铁、钛、铝、钙的分析方法。使用国家一级标准物质与二氧化锆混合配制的混合标准物质,解决了锆矿石标准物质不足的问题。试样:硼酸锂混合熔剂为1:20,在熔样机中熔成玻璃片,采用经验系数法和散射线内标法校正元素间的谱线重叠效应和基体效应,对标准物质和混配的标准样品进行了分析,标准物质测定结果与推荐值一致,相对标准偏差（RSD%）均小于3.6%。方法能满足高含量锆矿石中主、次量元素的测定。     

Fused glass sample preparation for quantitative laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of geologic materials

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is a powerful analytical method, but LIBS is subject to a matrix effect which can limit its ability to produce quantitative results in complex materials such as geologic samples. Various methods of sample preparation, calibration, and data processing have been attempted to compensate for the matrix effect and improve LIBS precision. This study focuses on sample preparation by comparing fused glass as a preparation for powdered material to the more commonly used method of pressing powder into pellets for LIBS analysis of major elements in complex geologic materials. Pelletizing powdered material is a common and convenient method for preparing samples but problems with the physical matrix brought on by inconsistencies in the homogeneity, density, and laser absorption, coupled with the chemical matrix problem lead to spectral peak responses that are not always consistent with the absolute concentration of representative elements. Twenty-two mineral and rock samples were analyzed for eight major oxide elements. Samples were prepared under both glass and pellet methods and compared for internal precision and overall accuracy. Fused glass provided a more consistent physical matrix and yielded more reliable peak responses in the LIBS analysis than did the pressed pellet preparation. Statistical comparisons demonstrated that the glass samples expressed stronger separability between different mineral species based on the eight elements than for the pressed pellets and showed better spot-to-spot repeatability. Regression models showed substantially better correlations and predictive ability among the elements for the glass preparation than did those for the pressed pellets.     

X射线荧光光谱法测定化探样品中主、次和痕量组分

采用粉末样品压片制样,用PW2440X射线荧光光谱仪对化探样品中氯、溴、硫、氧化钠、氧化镁、三氧化二铝、二氧化硅、磷、氧化钾、氧化钙、钛、锰、三氧化二铁、钴、铌、锆、钇、锶、铷、铅、钍、锌、铜、镍、钒、铬、钡、镧、铈、钕、钪、镓、砷、铪等34个组分进行测定。讨论了微量元素的背景选择和谱线重叠校正及氯测定的问题。使用经验系数法和康普顿散射线作内标校正基体效应,经标准物质检验,分析结果与标样值吻合,用GBW 07308国家一级标准物质作精密度试验,统计结果RSD（n=12）除砷、钒、镍、铜〈6．0％,溴、硫、铈、铪、钕、钪、氧化钠、镧、铬、钴和钍〈14．0％以外,其余各组分均小于3．0％。     

Feasibility of ETV-ICP-OES for Characterization of Archaeological Glasses

In the present study the possibilities of electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ETV-ICP-OES) for characterization of archaeological glasses were investigated. The objects of our research were fragments of a colorless late antique Roman flat window glass (fifth century A.D.) and colored medieval glass bracelets (eleventh–twelfth century A.D.) excavated in the region of Pernik (West Bulgaria).

The finely ground glass samples were analyzed directly and CHF₃ was used as evaporation and transport modifier. Dried aqueous standard solutions and certified reference materials with different matrix (glass, fly ash, and stream sediment) were used as calibration standards. No matrix effects were observed by the optimized conditions. Measurements were performed using common calibration curves obtained with all appropriate calibration standards and major, minor, and trace element concentrations were determined. ETV-ICP-OES analytical data were used to establish the type of glass, the fluxing agents, the typical coloring and decoloring elements, and the recipe norm.