集成毛细管电泳芯片及其制作技术的进展

集成毛细管电泳芯片是一个新兴的微量分析装置,它具有高效、快速、度样用量少、节约药品等优点。文章回顾了集成毛细管电泳芯片的历史,介绍了毛细管电泳芯片在原材料、制作方法、表征、进样、分离、检测等方面的进展,并展望了毛细管电泳芯片的前景。     

微流控芯片上的细胞分析研究进展

近年来,微流控分析系统(μTAS)在生物细胞分离领域的发展引起了广泛的关注。微流控芯片的微米级尺寸的通道适合于单细胞样品的引入、操控、反应、分离和检测,已经在微芯片上实现了上述功能,并将这些功能集成在具备毛细管电泳分离功能的微芯片上。     

新型安培检测毛细管电泳微系统

将电极、６ｃｍ分离毛细管、缓冲池、检测池集成于８．４×５．０ｃｍ有机玻璃片上,制作了一个毛细管电泳微系统。以碳纤维微盘电极作为工作电极,采用三电极体系柱端检测了１×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ多巴胺（ＤＡ）,具有良好的重现性,检测限３．６×１０－８ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,线性范围５×１０－７～１×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,并在该系统上分离了邻苯二酚（ＣＡ）和多巴胺的混合物。     

集成芯片毛细管电泳电化学检测系统

研制了一种新颖的集成芯片毛细管电泳电化学检测装置。此装置基于柱末安培检测法，将检测池集成芯片上，以自制的30μmPt微盘电极为工作电极，在几十年秒钟内实现了多巴胺、5－羟色胺和肾上腺素三种神经递质的快速分离检测。     

基于PMMA毛细管电泳芯片的多位点突变检测研究

利用基于激光诱导荧光(LIF)检测的芯片毛细管电泳平台,批量制作了低成本聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)芯片,通过修饰管道,优化有效分离距离、分离介质等条件,可在90s内完成DNA片段的分离检测,实现单碱基分离,并在此平台上成功地对遗传性耳聋三个常见突变位点实现分型检测,为这种低成本的PMMA芯片应用于分型相关的临床诊断领域奠定了基础。     

可用于多种生物分析的高性能芯片毛细管电泳系统

本文采用激光诱导荧光的检测方法,搭建出高灵敏度的双通道共聚焦芯片毛细管电泳的检测系统。采用湿法刻蚀玻璃的方法获得了芯片管道的模具,并采用浇铸法在聚二甲基硅氧烷上获得高质量的微管道。将聚二甲基硅氧烷和石英玻璃贴合成为毛细管电泳芯片,该电泳芯片散热性能良好,可重复使用。以Cy5荧光素为样品,经实验证明该系统的检出限为17 pmol/L,并能在高达1 200 V/cm的场强下正常运行(高压电源的最高输出电压为1 200 V/cm),最高理论塔板数超过106N/m,表明该系统具有较高电泳效率。将该系统应用于氨基酸和DNA片段的分离分析,以及生物素标记的DNA与链霉亲合素的相互作用的检测,获得了较好的实验结果,说明该系统能够有效地应用于多种生物分析中。     

糖类的毛细管电泳及芯片毛细管电泳

 糖类化合物在生物体内发挥多方面的作用。糖研究的复杂性在于其结构的复杂多变。高效毛细管电泳作为一种快速、高效的分离分析手段已广泛应用于糖的研究。芯片毛细管电泳是近几年来发展起来的新的分析技术 ,并已经在生命科学的研究中得到较广泛的应用。就各种糖类化合物的毛细管电泳的分析策略、检测条件及糖类化合物的芯片毛细管电泳进行了阐述 ,共 4 8篇。     

整体式PDMS电泳芯片快速成型及高灵敏化学发光检测氨基酸

通过再铸模法将聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)预聚物固化在由微细金属丝构成的微流体孔道的印模中,一次成型制作了整体式PDMS芯片.将所制作的芯片与化学发光检测器集成构建了微芯片毛细管电泳分析系统.初步考察了不经过衍生化时该系统分离检测氨基酸的性能.实验结果表明,精氨酸和天门冬氨酸在80s内完全分离,分离度为2.45,精氨酸的浓度检测限为3.50μmol/L.     

毛细管电泳芯片简化安培检测系统的研制

摘要开发出一种新型电化学检测器,该检测器具有噪声低、基线漂移小、检测限低、整体体积小及便于现场使用等优点.在集成ITO电极的PDMS/玻璃毛细管电泳芯片上,利用多巴胺标准样品对该检测器的性能进行了评价.     

芯片毛细管电泳中氨基酸的电化学检测

在PDMS微管道集成电化学检测系统中,利用集成的三维调节精确准直定位装置,以直径为150μm的铜圆盘电极,采用柱端检测模式,构建了PDMS微管道-安培检测平台,解决了由于PDMS管道几何位置易变造成的准直问题.应用该系统分离检测了精氨酸和组氨酸,结果令人满意.     

电泳芯片的制作及其进样与分离

利用微细加工技术研究在玻璃上制作电泳芯片的方法,测试了微管道的伏安特性曲线。在该电泳芯片上进行了注样和分离实验,采用激光诱导荧光法进行检测,利用CCD拍摄了进样和分离的全过程。分析了电泳芯片上施加不同的电压对样品注样的影响,给出了FITC－OH和FITC－Arg分离谱图。     

Comprehensive two-dimensional separations based on capillary high-performance liquid chromatography and microchip electrophoresis

A novel comprehensive two-dimensional (2-D) separation system coupling capillary high-performance liquid chromatography (cHPLC) with microchip electrophoresis (chip CE) is demonstrated. Reversed-phase cHPLC was used as the first dimension, and chip CE acted as the second dimension to perform fast sample transfers and separations. A valve-free gating interface was devised simply by inserting the outlet-end of LC column into the cross-channel on a specially designed chip. A home-made confocal laser-induced fluorescence detector was used to perform on-chip high-sensitive detection. The cHPLC effluents were continuously delivered to the chip and pinched injections of the effluents every 20 seconds were employed for chip CE separation. Gradient elution of cHPLC was carried out to obtain the high-efficiency separation. Free-zone electrophoresis was performed with triethylamine buffer to achieve high-speed separation and prevent sample adsorption. Such a simple-made comprehensive system was proved to be effective. The relative standard deviations for migration time and peak height of rhodamine B in 150 sample transfers were 3.2% and 9.8%, respectively. Peptides of the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled tryptic digests of bovine serum albumin were fairly resolved and detected with this comprehensive 2-D system.     

Automated sampling system for the analysis of amino acids using microfluidic capillary electrophoresis

An improved automated continuous sample introduction system for microfluidic capillary electrophoresis (CE) is described. A sample plate was designed into gear-shaped and was fixed onto the shaft of a step motor. Twenty slotted reservoirs for containing samples and working electrolytes were fabricated on the “gear tooth” of the plate. A single 7.5-cm long Teflon AF-coated silica capillary serves as separation channel, sampling probe, as well as liquid-core waveguide (LCW) for light transmission. Platinum layer deposited on the capillary tip serves as the electrode. Automated continuous sample introduction was achieved by scanning the capillary tip through the slots of reservoirs. The sample was introduced into capillary and separated immediately in the capillary with only about 2-nL gross sample consumption. The laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) method with LCW technique was used for detecting fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled amino acids. With electric-field strength of 320 V/cm for injection and separation, and 1.0-s sample injection time, a mixture of FITC-labeled arginine and leucine was separated with a throughput of 60/h and a carryover of 2.7%.     

Analysis of environmental pollutants metabolized from pesticides using capillary electrophoresis with multiphoton-excited fluorescence detection

Multiphoton-excited fluorescence by diode laser of continuous wave was uniquely developed for capillary electrophoresis to determine aniline species metabolized from pesticides. To achieve 2-photon excitation fluorescence, derivatization procedure was performed using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The concentration ratio of FITC to the analytes was discussed for quantitative analysis. Several parameters that influenced separation quality of capillary zone electrophoresis were investigated, such as applied voltage, buffer pH value and concentration, etc. Under the optimized conditions, four pesticide residues were completely separated and determined within 4 min, with detection limit down to zepptomole level (calculated detection volume: 45.0 aL). Quantitative analyses exhibited excellent linear dynamic relationship in the range of about two orders of magnitude. The established method was further validated by testing spiked lake water sample.     

矩形截面毛细管电泳和二维分离

在石英单晶表面制成矩矩截面毛细管柱中进行电泳实验。由于矩形柱比圆形柱有更大散热侧面积且石英单晶的导热性能远无于熔融石英，所以可施加较高的场强，不仅提高了柱效，而且缩矩了分离时间。两相交的通道之间形成自然连接，可实现二维分离，并消除死体积。     

Capillary-assembled microchip as an on-line deproteinization device for capillary electrophoresis

A capillary-assembled microchip (CAs-CHIP), prepared by simply embedding square capillaries in a lattice polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel plate with the same channel dimensions as the outer dimensions of the square capillaries, has been used as a diffusion-based pretreatment attachment in capillary electrophoresis (CE). Because the CAs-CHIPs employ square-section channels, diffusion-based separation of small molecules from sample solutions containing proteins is possible by using the multilayer flow formed in the square section channel. When a solution containing high-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight species makes contact with a buffer solution, the low-molecular-weight species, which have larger diffusion coefficients than the high-molecular-weight species, can be collected in a buffer-solution phase. The collected solution containing the low-molecular-weight species is introduced into the separation capillary to be analyzed by CE. This type of system can be used for CE analysis in which pretreatment is required to remove proteins. In this work a fluorescently labeled protein and rhodamine-based molecules were chosen as model species and a feasibility study was performed.      

毛细管电泳流动注射-负压进样装置的研究

设计了一种用于毛细管电泳系统的流动注射-负压进样装置。样品由蠕动泵输送到进样阀后再由缓冲液带到分离毛细管入口,由毛细管出口端施加的负压引入。进样时间由自制精密控时电路控制,经进样条件的优化,能获得良好的重现性。实验中两种阳离子峰面积和迁移时间的RSD(n=8)≤2.7%,优于传统重力进样,而且操作简便;与非接触电导检测器组装成流动注射-毛细管电泳系统,可实现快速、高效的在线分析。初步应用于无机阳离子的分离,取得了满意的结果。     

Single‐step CE for miniaturized and easy‐to‐use system

We developed a novel single‐step capillary electrophoresis (SSCE) scheme for miniaturized and easy to use system by using a microchannel chip, which was made from the hydrophilic material polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), equipped with a capillary stop valve. Taking the surface tension property of liquids into consideration, the capillary effect was used to introduce liquids and control capillary stop valves in a partial barrier structure in the wall of the microchannel. Through the combined action of stop valves and air vents, both sample plug formation for electrophoresis and sample injection into a separation channel were successfully performed in a single step. To optimize SSCE, different stop valve structures were evaluated using actual microchannel chips and the finite element method with the level set method. A partial barrier structure at the bottom of the channel functioned efficiently as a stop valve. The stability of stop valve was confirmed by a shock test, which was performed by dropping the microchannel chip to a floor. Sample plug deformation could be reduced by minimizing the size of the side partial barrier. By dissolving hydroxyl ethyl cellulose and using it as the sample solution, the EOF and adsorption of the sample into the PMMA microchannel were successfully reduced. Using this method, a 100‐bp DNA ladder was concentrated; good separation was observed within 1 min. At a separation length of 5 mm, the signal was approximately 20‐fold higher than a signal of original sample solution by field‐amplified sample stacking effect. All operations, including liquid introduction and sample separation, can be completed within 2 min by using the SSCE scheme.     

CE Determination of Monosaccharides in Pulp Using Indirect Detection and Curve-Fitting

In the present work a capillary electrophoretic method for the analysis of monosaccharides utilizing indirect UV-detection has been developed. Different probes for indirect detection have been assessed using model carbohydrate samples. Background electrolytes with or without addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide have also been evaluated regarding the separation power. Furthermore, a curve-fitting algorithm has been introduced to increase the separation resolution. The optimized method has been used for analysis of monosaccharides from an acidically hydrolyzed pulp sample.     

无胶筛分毛细管电泳分析几百个碱基对核酸的条件优化

通过正交设计实验综合分析了内充羟丙基甲基纤维素（ＨＰＭＣ）无胶筛分毛细管电泳中的分离场强、ＨＰＭＣ浓度、柱长度和柱内径对核酸分离的影响。结果表明,柱长度越长、柱内径越小、分离场强越小,分离效果越好。考虑实际情况,为能在短时间内使几百个碱基对的核酸得到有效分离,一般选择３７ｃｍ×７５μｍｉ．ｄ．的涂壁毛细管、柱内质量浓度为８ｇ／Ｌ的ＨＰＭＣ、场强为３２４Ｖ／ｃｍ的条件,并在此种条件下分析了ＡｐｏＢ１００基因的低浓度聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增产物（７１０ｂｐ）。