铝阳极氧化着色封闭膜的电子显微分析

本文对铝合金阳极氧化电解着色及封闭膜的分区结构、氧化膜定向生长和封闭结构进行了扫描电镜显微分析和透射电子显微分析。其分析结果对铝合金精饰工艺研究具有较好的指导作用。     

钛酸盐纳米管薄膜的合成、结构与性质

在水热条件下, 控制反应温度和氢氧化钠的浓度, 分别采用去离子水和盐酸进行洗涤处理, 在钛金属基底表面合成出含钠元素和不含钠元素的两种钛酸盐纳米管薄膜(TiNTW和TiNTA), 并利用X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和能量色散X射线光谱等对其结构、组成和性质进行了表征. 结果表明, TiNTW和TiNTA均由宽约8 nm、长约1 μm的纳米管组成, 但TiNTA表现出较好的光催化活性和储氢性能, 而热稳定性弱于TiNTW, 二者在性质上的显著区别归因于2种钛酸盐纳米管薄膜的晶体结构和元素组成的不同.     

Crystal Orientation Mapping Applied to the Y-TZP/WC Composite

 Crystal orientation measurements made by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and microscopic observations provided the basis for a quantitative investigation of microstructure in an yttria stabilised, tetragonal zirconia-based (Y-TZP) composite. Automatic crystal orientation mapping (ACOM) in a SEM can be preferable to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for microstructural characterisation, since no sample thinning is required, extensive crystal data is already available, and the analysis area is greatly increased. A composite with a 20 vol.% tungsten carbide (WC) content was chosen since it revealed crystal relationships between the matrix and carbide phase already established by TEM analysis. However, this composite was difficult to investigate in the EBSD/ SEM since it is non-conductive, the Y-TZP grain size is of the order of the system resolution, and the sample surface, though carefully prepared, reveals a distinctive microtopography. In this paper, some useful solutions to these problems are discussed and the resulting data, which confirm crystal correlations previously established by TEM analysis, are presented.     

磁载钛硅分子筛的制备与表征

将水热合成与溶剂蒸发法相结合, 以尖晶石结构的纳米铁酸镍为磁核, 成功制备了磁载钛硅分子筛. 采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、 振动样品磁强计(VSM)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, 所制备的磁载钛硅分子筛颗粒呈球形, 分布均匀, 颗粒直径约为100～150 nm, 具有明显核/壳结构和超顺磁特征. 磁载钛硅分子筛在环己酮氨肟化反应中表现出良好的催化活性, 环己酮转化率达到98%, 产物选择性在97%以上.     

TiO2介孔薄膜的制备及紫外光电响应性质

采用蒸发诱导自组装法制备了高度有序的TiO2介孔薄膜. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分析手段对其进行了表征. 结果表明, 所得样品的孔径约为5 nm, 孔道规则, 且骨架为纯锐钛矿结构. 紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)的表征结果表明, 制备的TiO2介孔薄膜对波长小于380 nm的紫外线有很强的吸收. 对TiO2介孔薄膜的I-V(电流-电压)特性进行了表征, 发现加光后其I-V曲线由暗态时的肖特基特性转变为欧姆特性, 表明TiO2介孔薄膜对紫外光有很敏感的光电响应.     

多级结构还原氧化石墨烯包覆的钴铁氧体的合成及电化学性能

以水滑石为前驱体合成微米花/纳米片多级结构过渡金属复合氧化物CoFe2O4,一种高性能锂离子电池负极材料。 通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术手段对其进行结构表征,发现得到的复合氧化物为单一晶相,且具有多级结构。 电化学性能测试表明,得到的负极材料具有高比容量和倍率性能。 通过还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)对CoFe2O4进行表面包覆制备CoFe2O4/rGO,其循环稳定性得到大幅度提高。     

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂合成MCM-41/ZSM-5复合分子筛的研究

采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂、以ZSM-5为晶种,在水热晶化条件下合成了同时具有微孔和介孔的MCM-41/ZSM-5复合分子筛;并考察了陈化温度、陈化时间、晶化时间及模板剂用量等条件对合成复合分子筛的影响.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、高分辨率透射电镜、红外光谱及N2静态吸附法等手段对合成样...     

稀土镧对真空蒸发沉积银纳米粒子团聚的影响

用透射电镜（TEM）和扫描电镜（SEM）研究了稀土镧对真空蒸发沉积银纳米粒子的影响.结果表明,稀土镧对真空蒸发沉积银纳米粒子有明显的细化作用.稀土镧对银纳米粒子的细化作用,是由于稀土镧增强了基底对银原子的吸附能,使镧和银结合形成的复合小银粒子局限于固定位置,进而减少了相互团聚所致.     

橡胶粒子和刚性纳米粒子对注塑级硬质聚氯乙烯复合材料断裂行为的影响

采用核壳型丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(ABS)和纳米碳酸钙(CaCO3)协同改性聚氯乙烯(PVC),制备了注塑级硬质PVC纳米复合材料.通过透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、力学性能测试研究了其结构与性能,并采用有限元模拟方法研究了ABS与纳米CaCO3粒子对复合材料断裂行为的影响.当CaCO3含量低于12 p...     

纳米Na_2SiF_6的电化学制备、表征与荧光性质

采用溶胶-凝胶法在Ti表面修饰一层纳米TiO2(nanoTiO2)膜,经X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征,证明多孔TiO2膜的平均孔径为80 nm.以该多孔膜电极为模板,借助电化学沉积的方法制备了纳米Na2SiF6(nano Na2SiF6).经XRD和透射电镜(TEM)测试证实该Na2SiF6为均一的白锰钒型结构,平均粒径约为20 nm.初步研究了其荧光性质,发现在452.4 nm和285 nm处分别有强的荧光发射峰和激发峰.     

Synthesis of Silver Nanowires and Other Metal Nanostructures in Dialkylimidazolium Ionic Liquid

Room temperature ionic liquids have attracted much research attention for the preparation of nanoparticles owing to their nonvolatile nature, thermally stable properties and inflammability. In this contribution, we have made an effort to fabricate the late transition metal — Ru, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Ag, and Au — nanostructures by thermal decomposition of the corresponding organometallic precursors in the presence of various surfactants in ionic liquid [Omim][PF₆]. Silver nanowires can be specifically generated by heating the mixture of (hfac)Ag(PMe₃) and 1‐hexadecylamine with the mole ratio of 1:10 in [Omim][PF₆] at 140 °C for 3 h. Characterization of these metal nanostructures were carried out by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X‐ray powder diffraction analysis.     

Controlled hydrothermal synthesis and growth mechanism of various nanostructured films of copper and silver tellurides

Various nanostructured films of copper and silver tellurides were hydrothermally grown on the corresponding metal substrates through reactions between metal foils and tellurium powder in different media. Interesting morphologies including nanowires, nanorods, nanobelts, nanosheets, and hierarchical dendrites were obtained. The nanostructured films were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). A growth mechanism was proposed based on the characterization results. This study provides a low-temperature, solution-phase approach to grow low-dimensional, nanostructured metal tellurides with controllable morphologies.     

Electron microscopy methods for studying polymer blends—comparison of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy

The possibility of using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for studying the morphology of mechanical polymer blends was investigated. Compounds of SBS/EPDM, and both filled and unfilled NBR/EPDM were tested. OsO₄-stained thin-sections were also examined in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the results were compared.It seemed to be quite possible to use atomic number contrast detection in combination with OsO₄ staining for visualizing the morphology of the blends in SEM. Domains as small as 0·1 μm were clearly seen. This was done by means of a Robinson backscattered electron detector. Sample preparation was easy, 2 mm thick rubber plates were cut on dry ice to obtain a smooth surface. After staining, the samples were coated with a thin conductive carbon layer.The inner structures of SBS and the carbon black particles were not resolved in SEM but were easily seen in TEM.     

Fabrication of flexible conducting thin films of copper-MWCNT from multi-component aqueous suspension by electrodeposition

Flexible thin films of metal–carbon nanotube (CNT) with densely populated CNT morphology were fabricated by electrodeposition from an optimized copper bath. The substrate used for the present work is polyethylene film that was pre-deposited with electroless copper as a seed layer before CNT deposition. Optimum concentration of CNT was incorporated into copper bath and the electrodeposition was done at quiescent and agitation conditions. The bonding between the seed layer and the electrodeposited copper was good as revealed from adhesion test. Electrical as well as physical-mechanical property of the film was improved by CNT incorporation within the metal matrix. The topography and the texture of the metal–CNT deposit showed a well-refined structure as per scanning electron microscope (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and scanning probe microscope (SPM) analysis. The stability of the film was tested by cyclic voltammetric and stripping analysis under various applied conditions. Raman spectra and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) analysis revealed the presence of CNT and the functionality of CNT within the copper matrix. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis showed nucleation of copper on the surface of CNT walls.     

氧化铜纳米片及其自组装球状纳米结构的制备及催化作用

氧化铜具有独特的光电和光化学性能,可被用来制作太阳能电池或高能锂电池~([1,2]).纳米氧化铜还可以作为催化剂、载体以及电极活性材料等~([3-7]).在实际应用中,纳米材料的结构和形貌对其性能有很大影响.     

Photocatalytic studies of silver doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by chemical precipitation method

Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles (Zn_1?xAg_xO; where x = 0.00–0.05) were synthesized by chemical precipitation method. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and UV–Vis spectrometer. The SEM and TEM micrographs revealed the agglomerated spherical-like morphology and the measurements show that the size of crystallites is in the range of 10–40 nm. Optical measurements indicated a red shift in the absorption band edge after Ag doping. The band gap values of as prepared undoped and doped with silver samples were found to decrease with increase in temperature from 300 to 800 °C. Photocatalytic activities of ZnO and Ag doped ZnO were evaluated by irradiating the sample solution to ultraviolet light by taking methylene blue as organic dye. The experiment demonstrated that the photo-degradation efficiency of 1 mol% Ag-doped ZnO was significantly higher than that of undoped and 2–5 mol% Ag doped ZnO under ultraviolet light irradiation.     

控制沉淀法制备不同形貌的碳酸钙超细粉

本文报道了一种成功合成了不同形貌的碳酸钙（CaCO3）超细粉的简单方法,可以获得包括链状、片状、棒状、球形、斜方、以及中空球形的超细碳酸钙粉末。产品用粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）进行了表征和检测。文中对影响产品具晶型和形貌的主要因素进行了讨论,以期有助于理解碳酸钙超细粉的成核与生长机理。     

改性二氧化钛纳米棒的制备及其对有机污染物的光催化降解研究

为了改善纳米二氧化钛的光催化活性,通过水热法制备了氮钨共掺杂二氧化钛纳米棒。通过扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外可见光吸收光谱(UV-VIS)法等对产物进行了相关表征。结果显示,与未掺杂的二氧化钛相比,氮钨共掺杂的二氧化钛纳米棒在可见光区域显示出了较强的光催化活性。因为氮钨阳离子的掺入拓宽了可见光的吸收区域。     

Electrodeposition of mesoporous semimetal and magnetic metal films from lyotropic liquid crystalline phases

Mesoporous semimetal bismuth film and magnetic metal nickel and cobalt thin films have been electrodeposited from hexagonal or lamellar structured lyotropic liquid crystalline phases with polyoxyethylene surfactant. The liquid crystalline templates are characterized by low-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and polarized-light optical microscopy (POM). The metal films are characterized by low-angle and wide-angle XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The magnetic measurements on the mesoporous nickel and cobalt films are shown to have higher coercivity (Hc) than the nonporous polycrystalline films.     

N,N-双(α-萘基-苯基)-4,4′-联苯二胺纳米管的制备及其光谱行为

利用多孔氧化铝作模板采用熔融法成功制备了一种定向有序排列的有机小分子 (NPB)纳米管 ,并用场发射扫描电镜 (FESEM)、X射线能量损失谱 (EDX)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM)和荧光显微镜对其进行了表征 .发现该纳米管具有整齐的形貌和规整的尺寸 .进一步的研究表明 ,多孔氧化铝模板的亲油亲水处理对能否成功地大量获得纳米管起到非常重要的作用 .值得注意的是 ,在对不同尺寸纳米管材荧光光谱的测定中 ,可明确观察到材料光学性质的尺寸依赖性 .