外加电场对激光诱导Al等离子体发射光谱的影响

在低压环境下,由Nd:YAG脉冲激光器产生的1.06 μm激光烧蚀金属Al靶产生等离子体,观测了外加电场下其空间分辨发射光谱,并由此分析了谱线相对强度、谱线展宽随外加电压的演化特性.结果发现:原子谱线强度及其半高全宽随外加电压的增加均有明显增大,而离子谱线受外加电压的影响较小.从微观机制上分析推断:外加电场使非稳态等离子体中的电子作定向运动,加剧电子与原子之间的碰撞是上述结果的主要原因.此外,由发射光谱线的Stark展宽计算了等离子体电子密度,并由实验结果讨论电子密度随外加电压的演化特性和空间演化特性.     

外加电场对激光诱导Al等离子体发射光谱的影响

在低压环境下,由Nd：YAG脉冲激光器产生的1.06μm激光烧蚀金属Al靶产生等离子体,观测了外加电场下其空间分辨发射光谱,并由此分析了谱线相对强度、谱线展宽随外加电压的演化特性。结果发现：原子谱线强度及其半高全宽随外加电压的增加均有明显增大,而离子谱线受外加电压的影响较小。从微观机制上分析推断：外加电场使非稳态等离子体中的电子作定向运动,加剧电子与原子之间的碰撞是上述结果的主要原因。此外,由发射光谱线的Stark展宽计算了等离子体电子密度,并由实验结果讨论电子密度随外加电压的演化特性和空间演化特性。     

基于自吸收量化的激光诱导等离子体表征方法

为了表征激光诱导等离子体的定量特征参数,提出了一种谱线自吸收量化的方法,通过获得分析元素谱线的半高全宽来量化谱线自吸收程度,进而得到等离子体的特征参数,包括电子温度、元素含量比以及辐射物质的绝对数密度.与传统激光诱导击穿光谱定量分析方法相比,新方法由于计算过程与谱线强度弱相关,所以分析结果基本不受自吸收效应的影响,同时也无需额外的光谱效率校准.基于铝锂合金的实验结果表明,该方法能够实现精确的相对定量分析和等离子体的特性诊断.     

多脉冲高能强激光对诱导Cu等离子体发射光谱的影响

用Nd:YAG脉冲激光器产生的1.064μm激光,在空气环境下作用于金属Cu诱导产生等离子体,采用ME5000改进型中阶梯光栅光谱仪获得了同一能量多次激光脉冲冲击下和不同能量激光脉冲冲击下的Cu等离子体发射光谱,分析了谱线强度与多脉冲强激光诱导次数之间的关系变化,实验表明:随着激光作用次数的不断增加,特征谱线相对强度都呈不断下降趋势,尤其是第二次和第一次相比,谱线强度下降幅度达58.87%;随着激光脉冲能量的增加,原子特征谱线的相对强度和半高全宽都迅速增强,增强趋势呈指数函数变化。     

激光诱导等离子体电信号探测

准分子激光烧蚀固体样品产生激光等离子体,用外加直流电场方法收集电子、离子.分析了电流信号的成因以及信号的时间演化特性.得到了电流信号强度与外加电压、缓冲气压和激光能量之间的关系.     

大气压 Ar／NH3同轴介质阻挡放电发射光谱诊断

采用光谱在线技术（OES）检测了大气压 Ar／NH3 DBD 等离子体中的主要粒子为 NH,N,N+,N2, Ar,Hα,OH。NH 是 NH3分解的产物,激发态 Ar*和 NH3分子的潘宁碰撞生成激发态中性粒子 NH（c 1Π）和 NH（A 3Π）。674．5 nm 处 N 原子谱线表明等离子体中产生了 N 活性原子,为大气压 Ar／NH3同轴介质阻挡放电等离子体合成ε-Fe3 N 磁性颗粒提供了可能。研究了各主要粒子谱线强度随 NH3流量和外加电压峰峰值的变化规律,研究结果表明：NH3流量相同时,随外加电压峰峰值升高,各粒子谱线强度均逐渐增强;外加电压峰峰值相同时,各谱线强度随 NH3流量增加先增强后减弱。外加电压峰峰值相同时,随 NH3流量增加,N 活性原子谱线强度先增强后减弱,NH3流量为20 mL·min－1时,N 活性原子谱线强度最强。NH3流量相同时,随外加电压峰峰值升高,N 活性原子谱线强度逐渐减小,主要是由于大气压 Ar／NH3 DBD 放电模式由多脉冲大气压辉光放电转变为丝状放电造成。多脉冲大气压辉光放电的微放电通道之间相互重叠,各个微放电之间相互影响,导致随外加电压峰峰值升高各谱线强度的增加速率较快。当外加电压峰峰值从4600 V 升高到6400 V 时,大气压 Ar／NH3 DBD 的放电模式由单脉冲 APGD 转变为二脉冲 APGD,属于均匀大气压介质阻挡放电,随外加电压峰峰值升高谱线强度的增加速率较快,利于合成ε-Fe3 N 磁性颗粒。     

大气压Ar/NH_3同轴介质阻挡放电发射光谱诊断（英文）

采用光谱在线技术(OES)检测了大气压Ar/NH_3 DBD等离子体中的主要粒子为NH,N,N~+,N_2,Ar,H_α,OH。NH是NH_3分解的产物,激发态Ar~*和NH_3分子的潘宁碰撞生成激发态中性粒子NH(c~1Ⅱ)和NH(A~3Ⅱ)。674.5 nm处N原子谱线表明等离子体中产生了N活性原子,为大气压Ar/NH_3同轴介质阻挡放电等离子体合成ε-Fe_3N磁性颗粒提供了可能。研究了各主要粒子谱线强度随NH_3流量和外加电压峰峰值的变化规律,研究结果表明:NH_3流量相同时,随外加电压峰峰值升高,各粒子谱线强度均逐渐增强;外加电压峰峰值相同时,各谱线强度随NH_3流量增加先增强后减弱。外加电压峰峰值相同时,随NH_3流量增加,N活性原子谱线强度先增强后减弱,NH_3流量为20 mL·min~(-1)时,N活性原子谱线强度最强。NH_3流量相同时,随外加电压峰峰值升高,N活性原子谱线强度逐渐减小,主要是由于大气压Ar/NH_3DBD放电模式由多脉冲大气压辉光放电转变为丝状放电造成。多脉冲大气压辉光放电的微放电通道之间相互重叠,各个微放电之间相互影响,导致随外加电压峰峰值升高各谱线强度的增加速率较快。当外加电压峰峰值从4 600 V升高到6 400 V时,大气压Ar/NH_3 DBD的放电模式由单脉冲APGD转变为二脉冲APGD,属于均匀大气压介质阻挡放电,随外加电压峰峰值升高谱线强度的增加速率较快,利于合成e-Fe_3N磁性颗粒。     

飞秒激光诱导铝等离子体时间分辨光谱研究

在大气环境下利用中心波长800nm、脉宽为30fs的激光聚焦在铝靶上,测定了激光诱导铝等离子体中铝原子的时间分辨发射谱。在局部热平衡条件近似下,根据实验测定的谱线相对强度得到了等离子体的电子温度;研究了激光脉冲能量对等离子体电子温度的影响和等离子体电子温度的时间演化特性。同时,实验发现了394.4nm和396.1nm两条铝原子谱线存在较强的自吸收效应,实验结果表明随着激光脉冲能量的减少和延时的增加,自吸收现象逐渐消失。     

空气中激光烧蚀Cu产生等离子体发射光谱的研究

利用Q-开关Nd:YAG激光器产生的1.06 μm、10 ns的脉冲激光聚焦在空气中的Cu靶上,观测了激光诱导的Cu等离子体发射光谱.采用不同的激光能量,分析了波长范围为440 nm到540 nm的空间分辨发射光谱.在局部热力学平衡(LTE)条件近似下,根据谱线的相对强度,得到了等离子体电子温度约在104 K以上,给出了靶面附近电子温度的空间演化规律,并探讨了N(Ⅱ)500.52 nm谱线的谱线强度和半高全宽随激光能量的变化规律.     

Al等离子体特征辐射时间分辨谱线线形分析

用Nd :YAG脉冲激光烧蚀Al靶获得Al等离子体 ,利用时 空分辨技术采集Al等离子体的辐射信息 ,记录了 10～ 10 0 0 0ns延迟范围内Al等离子体辐射的时间分辨谱 ,通过分析 ,获得了Al等离子体特征谱线AlⅠ 396 15和AlⅠ 394 4 0nm的时间分辨谱。分析了 80 0～ 10 0 0 0ns延迟范围内的谱线线形 ,并分别对两条特征谱线进行了Lorentz函数和Gauss函数拟合。结果发现 ,10 0 0ns延迟以后的谱线是非常规则的Lorentz线形 ;而 10 0 0ns以前的也是Lorentz线形 ,但不十分规则 ;在该延迟范围内 ,所有时间分辨特征谱线与Gauss拟合曲线相差很大 ,说明谱线不是Gauss线形的。参照Lorentz函数拟合结果 ,测量了这两条谱线的半高全宽 ,并与谱线的自然线宽理论值比较。结果发现 ,实验值远大于理论值     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.