液相色谱法同时测定水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留

用液相色谱-可见法同时测定水产品中孔雀石绿(MG)、结晶紫(CV)及其代谢物隐色孔雀石绿(LMG)和隐色结晶紫(LCV)的残留量,并用液相色谱-串联质谱法进行确证和定量。样品用乙腈提取,二氯甲烷液液分配,MCX阳离子固相萃取小柱净化,浓缩定容。以乙酸铵缓冲溶液和乙腈为流动相,经C18柱分离后,PbO2柱后衍生;用二极管阵列检测器在618nm测定孔雀石绿和隐色孔雀石绿,在588nm测定结晶紫和隐色结晶紫;并用串联质谱在电喷雾-多反应监测离子的模式下,进行质谱确证和定量;外标法定量,内标亮绿和氘代隐色孔雀石绿校正回收率。液相色谱-可见法的检出限为MG0.22,LMG0.28,CV0.22,LCV0.25μg/kg;液相色谱-串联质谱法的检出限为MG0.014,LMG0.018,CV0.014,LCV0.0084μg/kg。在2~20μg/kg范围内,回收率为75%~95%。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆串联线性离子阱质谱法测定水产品及饲料中的孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物

提出了高效液相色谱-四极杆串联线性离子阱质谱法测定水产及饲料中的孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物(隐色孔雀石绿、隐色结晶紫)的方法。样品经乙腈提取,Agilent XDB C18色谱柱分离,四极杆串联线性离子阱质谱进行检测。以氘代孔雀石绿、氘代隐色孔雀石绿、氘代结晶紫、氘代隐色结晶紫为内标物。4种化合物的线性范围均为0.05~5.0μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)均为0.5μg·kg-1。以空白样品为基体做加标回收试验,计算得4种化合物的回收率在93.3%~120%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.4%~18%之间。另外,还采用数据相关采集模式结合增强离子扫描模式对4种化合物进行定性分析,可对试样中4种化合物在定量同时进行定性确证。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中孔雀石绿、 结晶紫以及它们的隐色代谢物残留

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)同时测定水产品中的孔雀石绿、结晶紫以及它们的隐色代谢物残留。匀质后的水产品样品用乙腈和乙酸铵缓冲液提取。合并提取液,用二氯甲烷反提取,经中性氧化铝柱和PRS柱固相萃取净化。采用ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱,并以0.5 mmol/L乙酸铵-乙腈(体积比为10∶90)混合溶液为流动相,无需使用氧化铅柱在线氧化,色谱分离后直接进入串联质谱检测器检测。采用电喷雾离子源,正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式检测。方法的检测限（S/N=3）可达0.5 ng/g,平均加标回收率为77.6%～98.1%,相对标准偏差均小于8.2%。大量实际水产品样品的检测结果表明,此方法适合于对水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫以及它们的隐色代谢物的残留检测。     

QuEChERS/UPLC-MS/MS法测定水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫及其代谢物

建立了水产品中孔雀石绿(MG)和结晶紫(CV)及其代谢物隐色孔雀石绿(LMG)和隐色结晶紫(LCV)残留的QuEChERS/UPLC-MS/MS分析方法。样品采用乙腈提取,改进的QuEChERS(EMR-Lipid)分散固相萃取净化,经Agilent Eclipse Plus C_(18)(1.8μm,3.0 mm×100 mm)色谱柱分离,电喷雾串联四极杆质谱多反应监测正离子方式测定。4种分析物在0.2~10.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.997。鱼肉中4种分析物在0.5,1.0,5.0μg/kg加标浓度水平下,回收率为77.1%~106.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3%~4.3%。该方法简单、稳定、可靠,能有效去除样品中的蛋白质、脂肪等大分子杂质,可满足水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫以及隐色代谢物残留检测与确证的需要。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鱼粉中孔雀石绿

建立了鱼粉中孔雀石绿及其代谢物隐色孔雀石绿残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(UPLC-MS-MS)测定法。样品经乙腈提取,中性Al2O3固相小柱净化,超高效液相色谱C18柱分离,电喷雾正离子多反应模式(MRM)检测,内标法定量。方法的定量限为1.00μg/kg,线性范围为0.25～20.0μg/L。在1.00～20.0μg/kg的加标量下,孔雀石绿平均回收率范围为85.3%～104.4%,隐色孔雀石绿平均回收率范围为85.7%～101.4%,相对标准偏差均小于15%。方法适用于鱼粉样品中孔雀石绿残留的快速检测。     

高效液相色谱快速测定水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其无色产物的残留量

采用高效液相色谱同时检测水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及无色孔雀石绿和无色结晶紫的残留量,样品经提取、净化处理后所得残渣用乙腈溶解后,通过采用C_(18)色谱柱,以乙腈(A)和pH3.0的0.02 mol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液(B)按不同比例混合进行梯度淋洗,实现孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物的分离。用自制的二氧化铅柱氧化无色孔雀石绿及无色结晶紫。在588 nm波长处,测定4种物质的质量浓度在0.3～6.0 mg·L~(-1)范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于2.5%,检出限(3S/N)小于1.9μg·kg~(-1),分析时间20 min。以凤尾鱼罐头为基体进行回收试验,方法的回收率在71.5%～88.6%范围。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物

利用反相高效液相色谱研究了水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物隐性孔雀石绿、隐性结晶紫的同时测定。采用Krom asil C18色谱柱,PbO2-硅藻土柱为柱后氧化柱,以乙腈-乙酸铵缓冲溶液-冰乙酸(体积比为58∶14∶28)体系为流动相。孔雀石绿、隐性孔雀石绿、结晶紫、隐性结晶紫的加标回收率分别为84.6%、85.8%、89.8%、88.5%,相对标准偏差分别为5.0%、4.7%、4.3%、4.6%(n=6),检出限为2μg/kg。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中孔雀石绿及其代谢物残留量

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中孔雀石绿及其代谢物的残留量。样品经盐酸羟胺、对甲苯磺酸、乙酸铵的混合液作为提取剂均质提取,乙腈萃取,并通过-18℃冷冻离心分层。以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱分离,用乙腈与5mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液(75+25)的混合液洗脱,采用正离子模式监测。以氘代孔雀石绿和氘代隐色孔雀石绿为内标物。孔雀石绿和隐色孔雀石绿的线性范围均为1.0~20.0μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)依次为0.05,0.06μg·kg-1。在1.0,2.0,5.0μg·kg-1等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在90.2%~106%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.1%~11%之间。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定水产品中结晶紫及其隐色代谢物残留

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测定了水产品中结晶紫以及它的隐色代谢物残留。匀质后的水产品样品用乙腈和乙酸铵缓冲液提取,合并提取液,用二氯甲烷反提取,经中性氧化铝柱和PRS柱固相萃取净化,且不使用氧化铅柱在线氧化,色谱分离后直接进入串联质谱检测器。采用电喷雾正离子,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测。方法的检出限可达0.5 ng/g,线性方程的相关系数r大于0.99,添加样品平均回收率为77.6%~93.8%,相对标准偏差均小于8.2%。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用测定鳗鱼中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物残留量

应用高效液相色谱与串联质谱联用技术测定了鳗鱼中孔雀石绿(MG)、结晶紫(CV)及其代谢物(LMG,LCV)的残留量.样品用乙腈提取后,经脱脂、浓缩及净化处理,所得残渣用流动相混合液溶解后,通过Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18色谱柱分离,流出液供串联质谱测定,用氘代孔雀石绿及氘代无色孔雀石绿作内标参比定量.结果表明:对MG、LMG、CV、LCV四种化合物在0.1～10.0 μg·L-1范围内均呈线性关系,在0.5 μg·kg-1及2 μg·kg-1的标准加入水平下进行了回收试验,所得回收率在86.5%～91.8%之间,方法的检出限为0.1 μg·L-1(对MG及LMG)和0.5 μg·L-1(对CV及LCV),测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=7)≤7%.     

水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢产物检测方法的探讨

采用低温冷冻、超高速离心技术提取水产品中的孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢产物,并通过分析几种国标方法的优缺点,对方法的若干步骤进行探讨,改进了水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢产物的检测方法.方法的回收率为78.3%～100.9%,检出限为0.5μg/kg,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.3%～7.1%(n=6).该方法操作简便,...     

改进的QuEChERS方法用于鱼肉中孔雀石绿、隐色孔雀石绿、结晶紫和隐色结晶紫的快速检测(英文)

孔雀石绿（MG）和结晶紫（CV）具有抗菌等活性,常被违法用于水产养殖业。但MG、CV及其代谢产物隐色孔雀石绿（LMG）、隐色结晶紫（LCV）具有致癌性。所以水产品中染料的残留检测是食品安全分析的重要问题。由于水产品基质复杂,样品前处理尤为重要。本文发展了一种基于QuEChERS技术与高效液相色谱联用的方法,用于鱼肉中4种染料的同时检测。对QuEChERS方法中提取剂体积、提取次数以及分散固相萃取材料进行了优化。结果表明反相/强阴离子交换材料（C18SAX）能有效提高回收率。在最优条件下,4种染料在0.5~100 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.998。该方法在鱼肉中的回收率为73%~91%,RSD为0.66%~5.41%。结果表明该方法简单、高效,适合于鱼肉中染料的快速检测。     

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of dye residues in aquaculture products: development and validation

A method is described for the identification and the quantitative determination of the triphenylmethane dyes, malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV), brilliant green (BG) and leuco malachite green (LMG) and leuco crystal violet (LCV). The analytes were isolated from the matrix by liquid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile. Determination was performed using LC-MS/MS with positive electrospray ionisation. 4 different deuterated internal standards were introduced to improve the quantitative performance of the method. The method has been validated in line with the EU criteria of Commission Decision 2002/657/EC in accordance with the minimum required performance limit (MRPL) set at 2 μgkg(-1) for the sum of MG and LMG. For all the monitored compounds, accuracy, intra-day and inter-day precision were determined at each level of fortification (0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 2.0 μgkg(-1)). Decision limits CCα and detection capabilities CCβ were calculated according to the standard ISO 11843-2. A study on the applicability of the method was conducted on various aquacultured species with the aim to assess the matrix effects. The presence of residues of leuco brilliant green in fish has also been confirmed from experimental study performed on trout treated with brilliant green, using LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer.     

Magnetic solid‐phase extraction for determination of the total malachite green,gentian violet and leucomalachite green,leucogentian violet in aquaculture water by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

In this study, magnetic multi‐walled carbon nanotube nanoparticles were synthesized and used as the adsorbent for the sums of malachite green, gentian violet and leucomalachite green, leucogentian violet in aquaculture water samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. This method was based on in situ reduction of chromic malachite green, gentian violet to colorless leucomalachite green, leucogentian violet with potassium borohydride, respectively. The obtained adsorbent combines the advantages of carbon nanotubes and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in one material for separation and preconcentration of the reductive dyes in aqueous media. The structure and properties of the prepared nanoparticles were characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The main parameters affecting the adsorption recoveries were investigated and optimized, including reducing agent concentration, type and amount of sorbent, sample pH, and eluting conditions. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection in this method were 0.22 and 0.09 ng/mL for malachite green and gentian violet, respectively. Product recoveries ranged from 87.0 to 92.8% with relative standard deviations from 4.6 to 5.9%. The results indicate that the sorbent is a suitable material for the removal and concentration of triphenylmethane dyes from polluted environmental samples.     

Determination of malachite green residues in fish using molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-linear ion trap mass spectrometry

This paper describes the development of an analytical procedure to determine malachite green (MG) residues in salmon samples using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as the extraction and clean-up material, followed by liquid chromatography-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-QqQLIT-MS/MS). MG and two structurally related compounds, crystal violet (CV) and brilliant green (BG) were employed for the selectivity test. The imprinted polymers exhibited high binding affinity for MG, while CV and BG showed less binding capacity: 47% and 34%, respectively. The recovery values of MG in salmon samples fortified with leucomalachite green (LMG) were determined by measuring the amount of MG in the sample, after carrying out the oxidation reaction with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), which converts the LMG back into chromic-form. The average recovery of MG in spiked salmon muscle over the concentration range 1-100 ng g⁻¹ was 98% with a relative standard deviation value (R.S.D.) below 12%. The method detection limits (MDLs) obtained for MG, CV, BG and their leuco-metabolites were in the range of 3-20 ng kg⁻¹ (ppt).     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定养殖水体中孔雀石绿及其代谢物

研究利用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-ESI-MS/MS)测定水产品养殖水体中孔雀石绿及其代谢物隐性孔雀石绿的方法.通过一系列实验对样品前处理条件进行了优化研究,养殖水样经乙酸酸化,净化后,采用HPLC-ESI-MS/MS检测分析.在多反应监测模式(MRM)下,外标法定量,定量限均为0.5μg/kg.在0.5～50μg/L...     

Determination of multi-residue for malachite green,gentian violet and their metabolites in aquatic products by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction

A sorbent was synthesized and investigated for molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE). Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized via precipitation polymerization procedure, where methacrylic acid (MAA) was used as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as cross-linking agent. The imprinting effect and selectivity of the MISPE were evaluated by elution experiments. The resulting MISPE showed high extraction selectivity to malachite green, gentian violet and their metabolites, which may be caused by both the ion exchange and the hydrophobic interactions. The determination of multi-residue for malachite green, gentian violet and their metabolites in aquatic products by HPLC coupled with MISPE was also investigated. The mean recoveries calculated by solvent calibration curve for malachite green (MG), gentian violet (GV), leucomalachite green (LMG) and leucogentian violet (LGV) were from 89.8% to 99.1% for grass carp, 90.6% to 101.2% for shrimp and 91.3% to 96.3% for shellfish. The decision limit (CCα) and the detection capability (CCβ) obtained for MG, GV, LMG and LGV were in the range of 0.11–0.14 and 0.19–0.24 μg kg⁻¹ for grass carp, shrimp and shellfish. The MISPE was successfully used off-line for the determination of MG, GV and their metabolites in aquatic products.     

Simultaneous determination of malachite green, crystal violet, methylene blue and the metabolite residues in aquatic products by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

This work describes solid-phase extraction-ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem spectrometry for determination of malachite green and metabolite leucomalachite green, crystal violet and metabolite leucocrystal violet, methylene blue and metabolites including azure A, azure B and azure C in aquatic products. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer and purified by liquid extraction with dichloromethane, and then on MCAX solid-phase extraction cartridges. Then the extract was evaporated at 45°C by nitrogen blow. The residue was dissolved and separated by an Acquity BEH C18 column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile (A) and 5 mmol/L of ammonium acetate containing 0.1% formic acid (B). Analytes were confirmed and quantified using a tandem mass spectrometry system in multiple reaction mode with triple quadrupole analyzer using positive polarity mode. The limits of detection of malachite green, leucomalachite green, crystal violet and leucocrystal violet were 0.15 μg/kg, the limits of quantification were 0.50 μg/kg, and the average recoveries were more than 75% with spiked residues from 0.5 to 10 μg/kg. The relative standard deviations were less than 13%. The limits of detection of methylene blue, azure A, azure B and azure C were 0.3 μg/kg, the limits of quantification were 1.0 μg/kg, the average recoveries were more than 70% with spiked residues from 1.0 to 10 μg/kg and the relative standard deviations were less than 15%. The method has the merits of simplicity, sensitivity and rapidity, and can be used for simultaneous determination of the analytes in aquatic products.