高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定虾中万古霉素及去甲万古霉素残留量

建立了虾中万古霉素和去甲万古霉素残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经0.1%甲酸-乙腈(9∶1,体积比)混合溶液提取,乙腈饱和的正己烷除脂,PCX结合Florisil固相萃取柱进行净化后,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,经CAPCELL PAK MG-C18色谱柱分离后,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱在多反应离子监测(MRM)模式进行测定,以双去氯万古霉素作为内标物,内标法定量。结果表明:万古霉素和去甲万古霉素在2~250 ng/m L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.99。在5,25,50μg/kg加标水平下,万古霉素和去甲万古霉素的平均回收率为87.2%~102%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~8.7%。方法的检出限(LOD)为2.0μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为5.0μg/kg。该方法灵敏、准确,重复性好,适用于虾类中万古霉素及去甲万古霉素残留量的测定。     

固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定乳与乳制品中万古霉素、去甲万古霉素残留

建立了固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定乳和乳制品中万古霉素、去甲万古霉素残留量的分析方法。样品经乙腈-水溶液提取,三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白,二氯甲烷去除脂肪等杂质,Strata-X-C SPE小柱净化,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源(ESI)在正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行测定。万古霉素、去甲万古霉素在4～5 000μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)大于0.99。空白基质样品在15、60、150μg/kg加标水平的平均回收率均大于80%,相对标准偏差均小于5%。万古霉素、去甲万古霉素的方法检出限(LOD)分别为0.5、0.8μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)分别为2.0、3.0μg/kg。该方法实用性强、准确性好、灵敏度高,适用于乳和乳制品中万古霉素、去甲万古霉素残留量的测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定猪肝中万古霉素、去甲万古霉素和替考拉宁糖肽类抗生素

提出了同时测定猪肝中万古霉素、去甲万古霉素和替考拉宁的高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品经乙腈-体积分数10%三氯乙酸(6+4,V/V)溶液提取,同时加入5 g(NH4)2SO4沉淀蛋白,以Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用乙腈-0.3%乙酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源(ESI)正离子模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,用基质匹配标准校准方法补偿基质效应,外标法定量。万古霉素、去甲万古霉素和替考拉宁在5~500μg/kg范围内呈线性,检出限分别为2.0,1.0和2.0μg/kg,在5.0,10.0,20.0μg/kg加标水平下(n=6),平均回收率为72.7%~87.0%,相对标准偏差均不高于8.2%。实验考察了标准溶液的稳定性。     

基于通过式固相萃取净化的液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中5种肽类抗生素

建立了一种基于免活化通过式固相萃取净化技术的液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)用于测定猪肉中5种肽类抗生素(达托霉素、万古霉素、去甲万古霉素、维吉尼亚霉素M1、维吉尼亚霉素S1)。猪肉采用甲醇-2%甲酸(体积比为5∶2)进行提取,经免活化的Captiva EMR-Lipid固相萃取小柱净化后,以Phenomenex Kinetex F5(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.6μm)色谱柱分离,0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液和0.1%甲酸梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式扫描,多反应模式(MRM)监测目标物,内标法定量。结果表明,猪肉中达托霉素在2～200 ng/mL范围内,万古霉素及去甲万古霉素在5～500 ng/mL范围内,维吉尼亚霉素M1及维吉尼亚霉素S1在1～100 ng/mL范围内均呈良好线性关系,相关系数(r²)均大于0.99,5种肽类抗生素的检出限为3～7.5μg/kg,定量下限为5～25μg/kg。在25、50、250μg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为80.2%～102%,日内相对标准偏差(Intra-RSD)为1.3%～7.4%,日间相对标准偏...     

双固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鱼类中糖肽类抗生素残留量

建立了鱼类中糖肽类抗生素万古霉素和去甲万古霉素残留量的双固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经0.1%甲酸水-乙腈(7:3,V/V)混合溶液提取,乙腈饱和的正己烷去脂,固相萃取柱C_(18)及PCX净化,在多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式下进行检测,使用双去氯万古霉素作为内标物,内标法定量。实验结果表明,万古霉素和去甲万古霉素在2~250 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r~2)大于0.99。在5,25,100μg/kg~3个添加水平下平均回收率为92.8%~96.5%,相对标准偏差为4.5%~7.0%。方法检出限(LOD)为2.0μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为5.0μg/kg。方法适用于鱼类中糖肽类抗生素万古霉素和去甲万古霉素残留量的测定。     

自动分散磁固相萃取—超高效液相色谱—串联质谱测定禽类产品中的万古霉素类抗生素

建立了一种禽类产品中万古霉素、去甲万古霉素和去氯万古霉素3种药物的自动分散固相萃取(AdSPE)-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS)法。选用1%甲酸-乙腈(体积比，3∶1)提取鸡肉、鸡肝和鸡蛋样品中的目标化合物，RAM-C18磁性分散填料进行自动分散固相萃取净化后，采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8μm)分离，以0.01%甲酸水溶液-甲醇为流动相进行梯度分离。电喷雾离子源正离子(ESI+)模式下电离，多反应监测(MRM)扫描，内标法定量。结果表明：在0.5～200μg/L线性范围内，目标物线性关系良好，相关系数(r)均大于0.99,方法的检出限均为0.3μg/kg,定量限为1μg/kg;在低、中、高3个加标浓度下，平均回收率为77.1%～105.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.7%～18.1%。该方法前处理简单，操作便捷，灵敏度高，回收率好，适用于禽类产品中万古霉素类抗生素的快速测定，已成功应用于51件禽类样品的检测，包括14件阳性样品。     

LC–MS/MS法测定动物性食品中万古霉素残留

建立液相色谱–串联质谱(LC–MS/MS)法检测动物性食品中万古霉素药物残留的方法。用磷酸盐缓冲溶液对动物性食品中的万古霉素进行提取,经HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用电喷雾离子源,以正离子检测方式进行质谱分析。实验结果表明,万古霉素质量浓度在1~500μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,相关系数r=0.998。低、中、高3个质量浓度添加水平的回收率为84.8%~118.2%,相对标准偏差为2.2%~7.2%(n=5),检出限为2μg/kg。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡肉中头孢拉定残留

建立测定鸡肉中头孢拉定残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。鸡肉样品经80%乙腈水溶液提取,PRiME HLB柱固相萃取净化,0.2%甲酸水溶液稀释,采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸-0.1%甲酸乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,基质加标外标法定量。实验结果表明,头孢拉定在0.5～50.0 ng/mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(R~2=0.9998),定量限为1μg/kg。向空白鸡肉中添加头孢拉定含量为1.00μg/kg、2.00μg/kg、10.0μg/kg时,回收率在77.3%～106.8%之间,相对标准偏差在3.2%～10.5%之间。本方法操作简便、快捷,实验结果准确、稳定,可满足鸡肉中头孢拉定残留量的检测。     

固相萃取-液相色谱/质谱联用法测定猪肉中3种多肽类抗生素

建立了猪肉中万古霉素、去甲万古霉素和杆菌肽A 3种多肽类抗生素的正压驱动固相萃取法结合超高效液相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。猪肉样品经提取后正己烷脱脂,采用Pharma FF C_(18)固相萃取小柱正压驱动净化,洗脱液无需浓缩直接进行LCM S/M S分析,使用0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈分别作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用溶剂共进样方式分析,ESI正离子模式,前体离子均为双电荷离子,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,3种多肽抗生素采用基质加标曲线定量,在0.5~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,方法定量限为0.40~0.70μg/kg;加标回收率在72.9%~82.0%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.6%~14%。方法适用于猪肉中3种多肽类抗生素的同时测定。     

HPLC-MS/MS法测定婴幼儿果蔬米粉中17种新烟碱类杀虫剂及代谢物

建立了婴幼儿果蔬米粉中17种新烟碱类杀虫剂及代谢物的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经含1%(体积分数)甲酸的乙腈提取,QuEChERS净化,氮气吹干后,用含0.1%甲酸的乙腈水溶液(1∶4,体积比)定容。采用Acquity BEH C₁₈色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)分离,0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相梯度洗脱,高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测。结果表明,17种目标物在对应的质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.995 4;方法检出限(LOD)为0.02～0.15μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为0.06～0.50μg/kg;在LOQ、2.0μg/kg、10.0μg/kg 3个加标水平下,17种目标物在水果米粉中的平均回收率为62.5%～103%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.5%～17%;蔬菜米粉中的平均回收率为66.4%～108%,RSD为4.3%～13%。该方法灵敏、准确,简便、可靠,适用于婴幼儿果蔬米粉中17种新烟碱类杀虫剂及代谢物的同时检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.