辣根过氧化物酶分光光度法测定黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性

研究了以辣根过氧化物酶-苯酚-4-氨基安替比林反应显色新体系,检测黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活力的新方法。确定该酶活性测定的最佳条件为:辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)7000 U/L,4-氨基安替比林(AAP)1 mmol/L,苯酚(PA)6 mmol/L,黄嘌呤(XAN)1 mmol/L溶于50 mmol/L Tris-CL缓冲液(pH 8.4);反应温度为37℃,保温时间为20 m in;检测波长为508 nm。本方法测定XOD酶活的线性范围为5.0~100.0 U/L,线性关系良好(r=0.9992),检出限为1.3 U/L。该方法操作简单易行,测定结果准确可靠。可有效应用于普通实验室和临床常规生化检测。     

偶联酶催化分光光度法测定黄嘌呤

研究了以黄嘌呤氧化酶-辣根过氧化物酶-苯酚-4-氨基安替比林反应为显色体系测定不同样液中黄嘌呤浓度的新方法。确定该测定方法的最佳反应条件为:黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)0·32U/mL,辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)7·0U/mL,4-氨基安替比林(AAP)1mmol/L,苯酚(PA)6mmol/L溶于100mmol/LTris-HCl缓冲液(pH8·4);反应温度为37℃,保温时间为20min;检测波长为508nm。本方法测定黄嘌呤浓度的线性范围为0·2～10·0mmol/L,线性关系良好(R=0·9978),检测限为0·05mmol/L。方法操作简单易行,测定结果准确可靠,可有效应用于普通实验室和常规临床血液生化检测。     

醇脱氢酶电极的研制

通过化学交联法将醇脱氢酶(ADH)固定在玻碳电极表面(Φ=5mm),使用N-甲基吩嗪甲基疏酸盐(PMS)和铁氰化钾为介体、间接测定酶促反应中生成的还原辅酶Ⅰ(NADH)。工作电位+300mv(vs.SCE)乙醇测定的线性范围为0.05～1.0mmol/L,响应时间小于20s。如果电极每天测定30次,可以使用两周。并对电极的选择性进行了讨论。     

基于纳米材料、聚电解质制备高性能乙醇生物传感器

以明胶包埋法作为乙醇氧化酶(AOX)的酶固定化方法,在比较多壁纳米碳管(MWCNTs)、纳米金、纳米氧化铁3种纳米材料的基础上,选择加入增效最明显的多壁纳米碳管提高灵敏度,在电极表面自组装聚丙烯胺盐酸盐/聚磺化乙烯硫酸盐(PAA/PVS)膜提高抗干扰性,制备出一种高灵敏度抗干扰性电流型乙醇生物传感器(Pt/(PAA/PVS)2PAA-MWCNTs/AOX)。本传感器灵敏度为1.04μA/(mmol/L),在2.5×10-5~2.5×10-3mol/L浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,线性方程为:I(μA)=0.2199 1.0400C(乙醇,mmol/L),r=0.9939;检出限为2.5×10-5mol/L;RSD<5%,稳定性好、抗干扰能力强。     

微流控芯片对盐酸利多卡因注射液中盐酸利多卡因的测定

建立了微流控芯片非接触电导检测法测定盐酸利多卡因注射液中盐酸利多卡因含量的方法。探讨了缓冲液种类和浓度、添加剂种类和浓度、分离电压和进样时间等因素对分离检测的影响。优化并选择1.0mmol/L HAc-2.0 mmol/L NaAc(pH 4.5)为缓冲溶液,1%乙醇为添加剂,分离电压为2.4 kV,进样时间为10 s,2 min内可实现盐酸利多卡因的快速检测。在优化实验条件下,盐酸利多卡因的线性范围为20~250mg/L(r=0.996),检出限(S/N=3)可达5.0 mg/L,RSD为1.7%,加标回收率为97%~99%。方法简便快速、重复性好,适用于药品生产的质量控制。     

硝普钠和盐酸二甲双胍分光光度法相互测定

建立了硝普钠(SNP)和盐酸二甲双胍(MET)分光光度法相互测定的新方法。在碱性条件下,MET与SNP以1:1的化学计量比生成了一种酒红色的物质,其最大吸收波长为524 nm。当固定SNP(6.0×10-3mol/L)为5.00 m L时,吸光度和MET的浓度呈现良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为A=0.008+0.449cM ET(mmol/L),相关系数为0.9997,检出限(3σ/k)为0.02 mmol/L。当固定MET(6.0×10-3mol/L)为5 m L时,吸光度与SNP的浓度呈现良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为A=0.005+0.436cSNP(mmol/L),相关系数为0.9992,检出限(3σ/k)为0.01 mmol/L。方法可用于分别测定药物样品中MET和SNP含量。     

脂肪酶催化乳酸与乙醇合成乳酸乙酯的反应动力学

对脂肪酶催化乳酸与乙醇合成乳酸乙酯反应的动力学进行了研究,根据乒乓机制和双底物抑制的特性建立了反应速率方程.反应时间常数(tR)和扩散时间常数(tD)的计算结果表明,酯化反应速率未受到明显的限制.反应速率方程可以很好地预测实验结果,由非线性拟合得到的动力学参数中,乳酸(A)和乙醇(B)的抑制常数分别为KiA=10.7mmol/L和KiB=275.0mmol/L.这说明乳酸作为短链极性脂肪酸,对酶的失活作用远大于乙醇.乳酸在微液层中聚集并产生了使酶失活的低pH值环境,同时在酯化反应中存在竞争性抑制作用.     

对苯醌固定化酶荧光毛细管传感器测定血糖

基于愈创木酚(GA)/葡萄糖(GS)/辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)/葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)毛细荧光反应体系,以1,4-对苯醌为新型交联剂,将GOD固定在毛细管内表面上,开发了一种测定血糖的方法。经优选得到传感器连续测定反应液21次后,响应值仍有初始值的80%。保存在不同p H的PBS中(4℃),56 d后响应值仍有初始值的87%。此传感器测定GS的线性范围为1~12 mmol/L,检出限为0.82 mmol/L,RSD为4.2%(n=11),血清除蛋白后直接测定血糖,回收率为93.3%~108.4%。     

基于愈创木酚荧光减量准确测定过氧化物酶活性的新方法

利用H2O2/过氧化物酶(POD)/愈创木酚(GA)反应体系的产物(470 nm)吸光度去定量POD活性是目前常用方法之一,但产物不稳定且对比色皿有吸附现象是该反应的主要缺点之一。为了解决此问题,本研究利用GA的荧光特性建立了一种能准确测定POD活性的方法。用辣根过氧化物酶( HRP)作为测试样品得到了以下优化条件：0.5 mmol/L GA,0.5 mmol/L H2O2,0.05 mol/L PBS缓冲液(pH 6.0),反应温度20℃,样品耗量20μL;本方法的线性范围为500~60000 U/L(r=0.9993),RSD≤2.4%(n=11),检出限为385 U/L。在优化条件下,用白萝卜提取液作为测试样品,用本方法((9714依132) U/L)与比色法((9926依352) U/L)和循环催化流动分析法((9608依456) U/L)进行了对比,结果表明,3种方法相互一致性很好。     

新型乳酸固定化酶荧光毛细生物传感器

对长45 mm、内径0.9 mm的医用毛细管进行γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷氨基化和戊二醛醛基化后,再将乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的氨基与戊二醛的醛基结合,使其固定在毛细管内壁,构成一种新型固定化酶乳酸荧光毛细生物传感器(IE-LFCBS),实现了对乳酸的微量、快速测定.IE-LFCBS吸入辅酶Ⅰ与乳酸的混合液,在固定化酶催化下使乳酸与辅酶Ⅰ反应,生成荧光物质还原型辅酶Ⅰ;激发波长353 nm、发射波长466 nm.适用于IE-LFCBS的优化条件为:辅酶Ⅰ浓度4 mmol/L、用于固定化的LDH浓度60 kU/L、反应时间15 min、反应温度38 ℃、测定范围为1.0～5.0 mmol/L、回收率95%～98%,IE-LFCBS的相对标准偏差为RSD<1.5%(n=11),检出限为0.45 mmol/L.IE-LFCBS的试液用量极少(18 μL),并能重复使用,可望用于发酵食品、药品、血液标本等各类样品中乳酸的快速检测.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。