基于三维荧光光谱和PSO-SVM对胭脂红含量的测定

胭脂红是一种应用广泛的食品色素，在各种食品、饮料的添加剂里都有它的身影，过量食用人工合成色素会严重危害健康。食物中色素一般都是多种联用，各种色素之间会相互产生干扰，这加大了对食品中色素检测的难度，模拟食品中多种色素共存的环境，采用荧光光谱技术，结合PSO-SVM算法，建立一种测定混合溶液中胭脂红含量的方法。从试剂公司购买胭脂红和苋菜红固体粉末，选择胭脂红为待检测色素，苋菜红为干扰色素，配成不同浓度的胭脂红单色溶液以及加入苋菜红后的混合溶液样本，其中胭脂红的浓度在0.1~30 μg·mL-1之间，干扰色素苋菜红的浓度在0.1~10 μg·mL-1之间随意添加。运用Edinburgh Instruments 公司生产的FS920稳态荧光光谱仪, 测得胭脂红单色溶液与加入苋菜红后混合溶液的荧光光谱图，分析得到胭脂红的最佳激发波长为λ_ex＝326 nm，最佳发射波长为λ_em＝430 nm。各选取6组不同浓度的单色样本以及混合色素样本，其中，胭脂红的物质浓度同为3，4，5，6，7和8 μg·mL-1，苋菜红的物质浓度都定在2 μg·mL-1。观察6组样本在激发波长λ_ex=326 nm时的发射光谱和荧光强度的关系。单色样本中，胭脂红浓度与荧光强度线性关系良好；而在混合溶液中，随着胭脂红浓度的增加，荧光强度呈现出先降后增再降的过程，光谱线型、强度与各组分浓度间存在复杂的非线性关系，得以证明混合溶液的荧光光谱并不是由各组分光谱简单的叠加，而是在吸收光谱的过程中，胭脂红溶液与苋菜红溶液存在竞争和相互影响。配取25组胭脂红、苋菜红混合溶液，从中选择7个作为预测样本，其余18组作为训练样本。7 个预测样本中胭脂红的浓度分别为 1.0，2.0，4.0，6.0，9.0，12和15 μg·mL-1，干扰物质苋菜红的物质浓度在0.1~10 μg·mL-1之间。选择各组样本在最佳激发波长λ_ex＝326 nm 下对应的荧光强度，作为检测模型的输入，以胭脂红的预测浓度作为输出。对PSO参数初始化设置后，训练输出SVM的最佳参数c和g，将所得的最佳参数输入PSO-SVM模型, 得到7组预测样本的浓度预测结果分别为：1.146 9，1.860 6，3.854 4，6.146 9，9.133 8，11.857 6和14.859 8 μg·mL-1。分析PSO-SVM的预测结果，得到胭脂红平均回收率为100.84%，预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为1.03×10-4，模型输出与真实值之间的相关系数是0.999。在同等条件下，采用误差逆向传播算法(BP)预测得到的7组样本浓度分别为：1.140 1，2.139 8，3.188 2，6.436 2，8.882 7，11.860 1和12.664 3 μg·mL-1，其平均回收率为98.56%，均方根误差为4.65×10-3，输出值与真实值之间的相关系数为0.972。与误差逆向传播算法(BP)的预测结果相比较，PSO-SVM 相关系数高出2.7%，平均回收率高出0.6%，均方根误差降低了将近一个数量级。分析结果表明，通过荧光光谱技术与PSO-SVM相结合的方法，能够有效的避开干扰色素的影响，准确的测定混合溶液中胭脂红的含量，并且效果相比较于BP更加理想。     

以固态法一步合成的荧光碳点为探针测定人体尿液中阿霉素

以柠檬酸和尿素为碳源和氮源,采用固态法一步合成出量子产率高达23%的荧光碳点。表征结果表明,所合成的荧光碳点为平均粒径为3~4 nm的球形,表面富含羟基、羧基和胺基等基团。此外,碳点的XRD谱图显示出无定型碳的特征峰。以所制备的碳点为荧光探针,基于碳点和阿霉素之间的共振能量转移而猝灭碳点的荧光,建立了阿霉素定量分析新方法。实验中考察了溶液的pH值和孵化时间的影响。在最佳实验条件下,阿霉素浓度在0.67~16.67 μg·mL-1范围之间与碳点的荧光猝灭值ΔF呈良好的线性关系(R2=0.995),检出限为0.22 μg·mL-1,回收率为83.0%～89.2%,相对标准偏差小于2.5%(n=5)。尿样中常见物质对测定干扰较小,显示出所建立的方法具有较好的选择性。     

荧光法研究琥珀酸曲格列汀与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用及分析应用

琥珀酸曲格列汀(QGLT)是一种新型降糖药,基于其能够猝灭牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的荧光,用荧光法研究了两者的相互作用。对影响荧光猝灭的因素如溶液酸度、介质性质等进行了优化。猝灭机理探讨发现QGLT主要通过静态猝灭降低BSA的荧光,并推导出两者的结合位点数为n=1,结合常数分别为4.529×104 L·mol-1(298k)和2.958×104 L·mol-1(303 k)。热力学参数测定结果显示吉布斯自由能变、焓变和熵变均为负值,表明QGLT和BSA的结合主要是通过氢键与范德华力自发结合的。研究中发现Lineweaver-Burk方程具有良好的线性关系,线性方程为：(F₀-F)-1=2.711×10-4+3.51×10-3 c_QGLT-1(c_QGLT：μg·mL-1),r=0.998 9,检出限为0.13 μg·mL-1(S/N=3),线性范围为0.5～10.0 μg·mL-1。回收率实验结果表明方法的准确性较好(回收率为94.0%～97.5%)。用该方程测定了药片和人血清中QGLT含量,结果令人满意。本研究拓展了QGLT含量测定的新方法。     

荧光相关光谱测定溶液中胭脂红的含量

使用FLS920P型荧光光谱仪测量了20个合成色素胭脂红溶液样本的荧光发射谱,实验表明：胭脂红的最佳激发波长为300 nm,在此波长激发光下,荧光峰值波长为440 nm。同时测量相同条件下超纯水的光谱数据作为参考光谱,进行与胭脂红溶液光谱数据的相关计算,构建以浓度为外扰的荧光相关光谱。采用sym8小波函数4尺度降噪,将降噪后的同步相关光谱数据、自相关光谱数据应用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)算法进行预测,建立溶液中胭脂红含量的定量模型,结果表明：采用同步相关光谱建模的预测相关系数为99.863%,预测均方根误差为0.414 μg·mL-1;而采用自相关光谱建模的预测相关系数为99.940%,预测均方根误差为0.303 μg·mL-1。对比可知,自相关光谱数据有效地避免了信息冗余,预测结果更为可靠。该方法无需样本处理,操作简单,为食品安全检测提供了一种新的思路。     

表面增强拉曼光谱准确检测玉米中杀螟硫磷农药残留

杀螟硫磷是一种在农作物上广泛使用的有机磷杀虫剂,常用于玉米上害虫的防治。过量或者不合理施用导致的残留积累关系到食品安全和人体健康。常规检测杀螟硫磷的方法有气相色谱-质谱法、高效液相色谱法,其准确性虽好,但存在需要专业人员介入、样品前处理复杂、检测时间长等缺点。表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)法具有分析速度快、检测灵敏度高和特异性好等优点,被广泛应用于农产品中痕量残留的快速检测。利用表面增强拉曼光谱结合化学计量学方法实现玉米中杀螟硫磷残留的准确检测。以两步种子生长法合成的纳米金棒作为拉曼增强基底,测量600～1 800 cm-1范围内的拉曼光谱。对比杀螟硫磷乙醇溶液和金棒的光谱,确定杀螟硫磷的特征峰在650,830,1 082,1 241,1 344和1 581 cm-1处。采用简单预处理方法快速提取玉米中的杀螟硫磷残留。将受污染的玉米样品粉碎后,利用乙醇溶剂对残留进行两次提取,每次获取的提取液经离心获得上清液,将上清液合并混匀,在水浴中蒸发浓缩,浓缩后的上清液用于采集SERS光谱。每个浓度制备50个平行样本。各浓度残留提取液中的残留参考值采用色质联用方法测定。对比残留提取液的光谱,1 082,1 241和1 581 cm-1处特征峰强度随残留浓度的降低而迅速变弱甚至消失,650,830和1 344 cm-1处的特征峰直至残留浓度为0.48 μg·mL-1时依然可见。当浓度低至0.37 μg·mL-1时,所测光谱与空白提取液光谱相似。采用主成分分析(PCA)提取不同浓度杀螟硫磷残留光谱的主体信息,其中残留为0.37 μg·mL-1和空白提取液光谱的主成分得分重叠,进而判断SERS方法对玉米中杀螟硫磷残留的检测限可达到0.48 μg·mL-1,低于国家规定的农作物中最大残留限,体现出SERS检测的高灵敏性。选取浓度为14.25 μg·mL-1的50个样本分析其650,830和1344 cm-1处的特征峰强度变化可知,所采集的光谱呈现出较好的重复性,相对标准偏差(RSD)值仅为3.12%。对杀螟硫磷残留的定量分析采用支持向量机回归(SVR)实现,Savitzky-Golay卷积平滑和小波变换(WT)用于本次光谱数据的预处理。校正集和预测集样本的划分采用Kennard-Stone算法实现,模型的性能采用校正均方根误差(RMSEC)、校正集决定系数(R2_c)、预测均方根误差(RMSEP)和预测集决定系数(R2_p)评估。最优模型为SVR结合WT所构建的,具有最小的预测误差,其中校正集的RMSEC=0.103 2 μg·mL-1,R2_ｃ=0.999 74,预测集的RMSEP=0.134 1 μg·mL-1,R2_p=0.999 60。同时,最优模型的预测值与色质联用法所测值基本一致,其预测回收率为95.31%～100.66%。以上表明,SERS结合化学计量学方法检测玉米中杀螟硫磷残留是准确可行的,且有望推广到农作物中多种农药残留的检测,为农产品的安全检测提供一种新思路。     

三维荧光光谱结合自加权交替三线性分解算法检测农药类混合物

三维荧光光谱技术与自加权交替三线性分解(SWATLD)算法相结合,对三类农药混合溶液进行检测。在乙腈溶剂中配制西维因、速灭威和三唑磷不同浓度比的混合溶液为测量样品(西维因、速灭威及三唑磷的最佳激发波长/发射波长分别为285/325,305/345和265/305 nm),利用荧光光谱仪获取样品的三维荧光光谱,经过空白扣除以及激发与发射校正,有效地去除仪器误差以及散射产生的影响,得到样品的真实光谱。采用基于自加权交替三线性分解算法对测得的光谱数据进行分析,得到的三种农药的平均回收率为96.9%±1.9%,99.8%±1.0%和100.8%±3.2%。根据SWATLD算法预测结果,计算三类农药的预测均方根误差(RMSEP)值为0.616×10-2,0.539×10-2和0.374×10-2 μg·mL-1,低于平行因子(PARAFAC)分析法预测结果的RMSEP值,且最低检测限均在0.005~0.022 μg·mL-1范围内。和PARAFAC算法相比较,突出了SWATLD算法的优势,表明该算法对光谱重叠严重的三类农药混合物有较好的分解能力。     

Synthesis and Spectroscopic Investigations of Four New Y(Ⅲ), Ge(Ⅳ), W(Ⅵ) and Si(Ⅳ) Penicillin Antibiotic Drug Complexes

A four new penicillinate complexes were prepared through the chemical interactions of penicillin potassium salt (Pin) with YCl₃, GeCl₄, WCl₆ and SiCl₄ metal ions. These metal complexes were characterized using spectroscopic techniques (e.g. 1H-NMR, infrared, electronic UV-Vis) as well as elemental, conductivity, and magnetic measurements. The molar conductance values were highly, showing their electrolytic nature. The magnetic and electronic study strongly recommends the octahedral geometry of all penicillinate complexes. A monomeric structures of Pin complexes are proposed with octahedral coordinated metals ions. The metal ions are coordinated toward Pin as tridentate ligand through the amide and β-lactam carbonyls and a carboxylate group from penicillin. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of all the complexes, at concentrations in μg·mL-1, was screened against four bacterial pathogens, namely, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, and two kinds of fungi Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans showed better activity compared to parent drug and control drug. The anti-cancer inhibition of the tungsten(Ⅵ) complex was assessed against the human hepato cellular carcinoma (HepG-2) tumor cell line with IC50 value is 646 μg·mL-1.     

单丛茶水提物清除DPPH和ABTS自由基的光谱学研究

研究了白叶和风凰两种单从茶水提物清除DPPH和ABTS自由基的能力及其光谱学特征.采用分光光度法测定单从茶水提物清除ABTS自由基的测定波长为734 nm,体系稳定时间为6 min;清除DPPH自由基的测定波长为515 nm,体系稳定时间为30 min.单丛茶水提物具有良好的抗氧化活性,能有效、快速地抑制溶液中DPPH和ABTS自由基的形成及其特征吸收峰.在选定的反应体系中,白叶单丛茶(Ⅰ,Ⅱ)、凤凰单丛茶(Ⅲ,Ⅳ)和标准抗氧化剂Trolox对ABTS自由基的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为26.9,25.5,28.0,31.7和85.2 μg·mL-1,说明单丛茶水提物的总抗氧化活性明显优于Trolox.对于DPPH自由基,4种单丛茶的IC50值分别为49.8,41.6,47.3和64.5 μg·mL-1.实验结果显示,单丛茶水提物具有优良的抗氧化活性,且对水溶性自由基的抑制率明显高于脂溶性自由基,作为功能食品具有广阔的开发和应用前景.     

柳叶蜡梅叶挥发油体外抗氧化活性

以总还原力、对DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除作用、金属离子螯合能力为指标评价2%柳叶蜡梅叶挥发油体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:挥发油总还原力和对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用的IC50值分别为182.58、89.66、53.42μL。挥发油总还原力和对DPPH自由基的清除能力低于1mg/mL维生素C,而对超氧阴离子自由基清除能力和金属离子的螯合能力明显高于1mg/mL维生素C和0.5mg/mLEDTA。柳叶蜡梅叶挥发油具有较好的体外抗氧化活性,值得进一步开发利用。     

激光光源-在线荧光光谱检测中的光强度比较研究

基于激光光源和氙灯光源在线荧光光谱法测定罗丹明B、维生素B₂、荧光素和异硫氰酸荧光素含量比较研究激光光源产生的荧光强度和氙灯光源产生的荧光强度。罗丹明B、维生素B₂、荧光素和异硫氰酸荧光素浓度均为10 μg·mL-1,积分时间100 ms,测定3次得其平均值。在线荧光光谱法最大吸收波长分别为580,450,488和510 nm;最大发射波长依次为594,530,525和524 nm。紫外-可见分光光度法测得其最大吸收波长为557,441,481和490 nm;荧光分光光度法测得其最大发射波长为586,520,519和520 nm。通过测定药物,发现激光光源产生的荧光光强度较强于氙灯光源产生的荧光光强度,原因不仅跟光源有关,而且与药物分子的共轭体系大小、共轭大π键的共平面性及其刚性程度、分子母体上取代基的种类有关,分子所处的外界环境如温度、溶剂、溶液酸碱度、激发光的照射等因素也会影响荧光效率。激光光源和氙灯光源产生的荧光光强度大小顺序为罗丹明B>荧光素>异硫氰酸荧光素>维生素B₂。激光光源在线荧光光谱法在一定程度上填补了在线荧光光谱仪在食品、药品痕量检测方面应用的空白。     

Bi_(3.15)Nd_(0.15)Ti_3O_(12)纳米棒的拉曼和紫外吸收光谱研究

以Bi(NO3)3.5H2O,Nd(NO3)3.6H2O和Ti(OC4H9)4为原料,加入聚乙烯醇(PVA-124),采用水热法在200℃经48 h合成了铋层状钙钛矿结构掺钕钛酸铋(Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12,BNdT)纳米棒,纳米棒直径约10~200 nm,长度达十几微米。利用Raman散射研究了掺钕对钛酸铋晶格结构的影响。掺钕钛酸铋和钛酸铋的Raman光谱表明,Nd取代了类钙钛矿层中A位的Bi,掺Nd改善了BTO的对称性和减小了TiO6八面体的畸变。利用UV-vis光谱研究了BNdT纳米棒的光吸收特性,BNdT纳米棒存在A(400 nm),B(275 nm),C(210 nm),D(196 nm)四个吸收带,分别对应于电子从Bi3+的基态1S0到激发态3P1,3P2,1P1的跃迁和电子从阴离子团TiO6八面体到带正电的Bi3+离子的跃迁。BNdT的带隙为4.3 eV,大的带隙归因于纳米结构的量子尺寸效应。     

电化学处理油田污水中微量H2O2的光谱分析

电化学去除污水COD是一种高效绿色快速的方法.在电化学法处理某油田含聚采油污水中,产生活性中间体H2O2能间接氧化去除COD;而电化学过程中产生的H2O2是很微量的,常规方法难以检测和准确定量,需要采用高灵敏度的测定方法检测H2O2,用以指导电化学处理工艺控制过程;而Ti(Ⅳ)与5-Br-PADAP(B)及H2O2在pH 1~1.5时能形成稳定的三元络合物Ti(Ⅳ)-B-H2O2,该三元显色体系在561 nm附近有明显的吸收峰,且H2O2浓度在0.2~10 μmol·L-1的范围内遵从Beer-Lambert Law,因此可建立起用分光光度法检测电化学法处理污水过程中微量活性中间体H2O2的方法.本文分别研究了5-Br-PADAP(B),Ti(Ⅳ)-B二元络合物,Ti(Ⅳ)-B-H2O2三元络合物体系的紫外光谱图,提出了测定微量H2O2的方法.该研究创新点在于: 通过紫外光谱图研究了影响Ti(Ⅳ)-B-H2O2三元络合物体系生成且稳定存在的因素是: 试剂加入顺序、pH值、无水乙醇用量、加热温度及时间、Ti(Ⅳ)-B配比及其用量等,进而确定了准确检测和定量微量H2O2的实验条件为: 体系pH 1.0~1.5,无水乙醇加量50%,在50 ℃水浴锅中加热20 min,Ti(Ⅳ)与B溶液按等摩尔比混合,药剂加入顺序为: H2O2溶液2 mL,无水乙醇3 mL,0.32 mol·L-1的HCL溶液1 mL,pH 1.5的缓冲溶液2 mL,Ti(Ⅳ)-B混合液2 mL,用0.32 mol·L-1的HCL溶液定容至刻线.该方法简便、快速、重现性好、费用低,灵敏度高,在电化学处理污水过程的实际检测中获得了满意效果.     

Ultrasound-assisted formation of chitosan-glucose Maillard reaction products to fabricate nanoparticles with enhanced antioxidant activity

The influence of ultrasonic processing parameters including reaction temperature (60, 70 and 80 °C), time (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min) and amplitude (70, 85 and 100%) on the formation and antioxidant activity of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) in a solution of chitosan and glucose (1.5 wt% at mass ratio of 1:1) was investigated. Selected chitosan-glucose MRPs were further studied to determine the effects of solution pH on the fabrication of antioxidative nanoparticles by ionic crosslinking with sodium tripolyphosphate. Results from FT-IR analysis, zeta-potential determination and color measurement indicated that chitosan-glucose MRPs with improved antioxidant activity were successfully produced using an ultrasound-assisted process. The highest antioxidant activity of MRPs was observed at the reaction temperature, time and amplitude of 80 °C, 60 min and 70%, respectively, with ∼ 34.5 and ∼20.2 μg Trolox mL⁻¹ for DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power, respectively. The pH of both MRPs and tripolyphosphate solutions significantly influenced the fabrication and characteristics of the nanoparticles. Using chitosan-glucose MRPs and tripolyphosphate solution at pH 4.0 generated nanoparticles with enhanced antioxidant activity (∼1.6 and ∼ 1.2 μg Trolox mg⁻¹ for reducing power and DPPH scavenging activity, respectively) with the highest percentage yield (∼59%), intermediate particle size (∼447 nm) and zeta-potential ∼ 19.6 mV. These results present innovative findings for the fabrication of chitosan-based nanoparticles with enhanced antioxidant activity by pre-conjugation with glucose via the Maillard reaction aided by ultrasonic processing.     

An effective method for extracting anthocyanins from blueberry based on freeze-ultrasonic thawing technology

The aim of this study was to develop an effective method for extracting anthocyanins from blueberry Vaccinium spp. (ABVS) using freeze-ultrasonic thawing technology (FUTE). Various parameters including freezing time, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic temperature and liquid–solid ratio were optimized by a single-factor design and multiple response surface methodology. The amounts of extracted anthocyanin and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were measured by UV and HPLC respectively. The maximum yield of anthocyanins was achieved by freezing the samples for 5.43 min in liquid nitrogen at the liquid–solid ratio of 24.07:1 mL/g, followed by ultrasonic thawing at 41.64 °C for 23.56 min. The yield and antioxidant effects of ABVS extracted using FUTE, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and freeze-thawing extraction (FTE) were compared in order to determine the overall efficacy of FUTE. In addition to the higher content, FUTE extracted ABVS showed greater ability to scavenge DPPH·, ABTS⁺ and superoxide anions, and inhibit lipid peroxidation compared to the ABVS extracted by UAE or FTE. The reducing power of the FUTE-derived ABVS was intermediate between that of the UAE and FTE samples. Taken together, FUTE can rapidly and effectively extract ABVS and retain its antioxidant capacity.     

Ultrasound microwave-assisted enzymatic production and characterisation of antioxidant peptides from sweet potato protein

Herein, we investigated the effects of ultrasound microwave (UM)-assisted hydrolysis using Alcalase (ALC), Flavourzyme (FLA), and their combination (ALC + FLA), on the production of sweet potato protein hydrolysates (SPPH). UM-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis significantly increased the degree of hydrolysis of SPPH compared with untreated (UN) samples. Fractions with differences in molecular weight (MW) of >10, 3–10, and < 3 kDa in SPPH from UM-assisted ALC, FLA, and ALC + FLA hydrolysis displayed higher antioxidant activities than those from UN samples. MW < 3 kDa fractions of SPPH from UM-assisted ALC and ALC + FLA hydrolysis treatments presented much stronger Fe²⁺-chelating activity (98.48% and 98.59%), ·OH scavenging activity (67.11% and 60.06%), and higher ORAC values (110.32 and 106.32 µg TE/mL), from which diverse peptides with potential antioxidant activities were obtained by semi-preparative HPLC and LC-MS/MS. All identified peptide sequences exhibited at least three potential antioxidant amino acids. Additionally, changes in peptide conformational structure and antioxidant amino acid composition were revealed by structure–activity relationship analysis. Thus, ultrasound microwave treatment has great potential in antioxidant peptides production.     

黄酮配合物抗自由基活性的亚甲基蓝光谱测定体系的研究

亚甲基蓝(MB)可捕获Fenton反应产生的羟自由基生成无色加合物,选用亚甲基蓝为槲皮素(Que)及其配合物抗羟自由基活性测定体系的指示剂。实验优化测试条件为：体系pH 8.0,加入H₂O₂溶液(0.3%) 0.50 mL,FeSO₄溶液(5 mmol·L-1) 0.50 mL和MB溶液(2.56×10-5 mol·L-1)1.0 mL。由此建立了测定槲皮素配合物抗·OH活性的光谱测定方法。方法简便,尤其适合于配合物体系抗自由基活性的分析。测定了槲皮素及Que-Zn(Ⅱ),Que-Cu(Ⅱ),Que-Fe(Ⅲ)配合物的抗·OH活性。结果表明3种槲皮素配合物的抗羟自由基活性均比槲皮素高,配合物活性Que-Cu(Ⅱ) ＞Que-Zn(Ⅱ)＞Que-Fe(Ⅲ),表现出金属离子与有机活性配体协同作用可提高其抗氧化活性的能力。     

The dipole moment of water: Stark effects in D2O and HDO

The dipole moment of D₂O has been determined from Stark effect measurements for the 3₁₃–2₂₀ and 4₄₁–5₃₂ microwave transitions as 1·857 ± 0·006 and 1·869 ± 0·005D respectively. A rotational dependence of dipole moment has also been established for HDO through μ_a in the 2₂₀–2₂₁ and 5₃₂–5₃₃ transitions; μ_a was determined as 0·662 ± 0·001 and 0·644 ± 0·001D respectively. The total dipole moment for HDO has been determined from the 3₂₁–4₁₄ transition to be 1·85 ± 0·01D and to lie within 0·1° of the bisector of the HOD angle. High resolution Stark spectroscopy has been performed on the 6₂₄–6₁₅ transition of D₂O with improved precision using the 337 μm emission line of the HCN laser. This experiment has confirmed the dipole results from the microwave work and the frequency of the 6₂₄–6₁₅ transition in D₂O has been determined as 890 395 ± 3 MHz.

The slight increase of dipole moment with deuteration is consistent with the dipole moment for H₂O determined from the dielectric constant. This increase is discussed for the vibrational ground state (as for ammonia) in terms of anharmonicity in the bending vibration. The change of μ with rotational transition is interpreted in terms of large changes in molecular geometry for certain rotational states due to centrifugal distortion.     

臭牡丹黄酮类化合物提取及其抗氧化作用

研究臭牡丹中黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺条件及其抗氧化活性.以提取时间、料液比、提取温度、乙醇体积分数为主要影响因素,以黄酮类化合物提取率为考察指标,确定最佳提取工艺条件,并通过对亚硝酸盐、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基的清除效果及对猪油的抗氧化研究其抗氧化活性.结果表明,臭牡丹中黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺条件为提取时间2.0h、料液比1∶40（g/mL）、提取温度70℃、乙醇体积分数70％的条件下提取效果最好,臭牡丹中黄酮类化合物在各抗氧化体系中均表现出较强的抗氧化活性,且其作用具有剂量效应关系,其抗氧化活性均强于维生素C.     

Synthesis,characterization, luminescence properties and antioxidant activity of Ln(III) complexes with a new aryl amide bridging ligand

A novel Aryl amide ligand H₂L and its eight complexes, [LnH₂L(NO₃)₂·H₂O]NO₃ [Ln=Sm(III), Er(III), Tb(III), Dy(III), La(III), Gd(III), Nd(III), and Pr(III)], are presented. The ligand and complexes were synthesized and characterized based on elemental analyses, molar conductance, IR, ¹H and ¹³C-NMR, UV–VIS., and TGA studies. The conductivity data show a 1:1 electrolytic nature with a general formula [LnH₂L(NO₃)₂·2H₂O]NO₃ The IR spectra reveal coordination of the ligand through the azomethine nitrogen and the phenolic hydroxyl of the ligand to the lanthanide ion. The coordinated nitrate ions behave in a bidentate fashion. The thermal decomposition studies indicate the presence of two water molecules in the inner coordination sphere. Under the excitation at 319 nm, the luminescence emission properties for Sm, Tb, and Dy complexes are observed. These observations show that the ligand favors energy transfers to the emitting energy level of these lanthanide ions. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the ligand and its Ln(III) complexes was determined by DPPH radical scavenging method, which indicates that the Ln(III) complexes exhibit more effective antioxidant activity than the ligand alone.     

戊二烯基与氧分子反应的理论研究

用G3B3//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)方法计算了戊二烯基与氧分子反应的势能面．计算结果显示，反应的第一步为戊二烯基与氧分子结合形成两种过氧化加成物，过氧基分别连结在末端C1位置和中间C3位置．在反应的第二步，两种过氧化加成物分别发生一系列氢转移异构化反应和成环异构化反应．最后，这些氢转移异构体和环化异构体分别经过单分子分解通道，生成不饱和醛酮和羟基．共计算了20个稳定态和14个过渡态的结构和能量，通过比较各反应通道的能垒和反应热，提出以C2H3O和C3H4O为最终产物的通道可能是整个反应的主要通道．此外，计算结果还表明一些过C5H7O2自由基可能作为反应体系的长寿命中间体而存在，这与Zils等人的实验观测结果一致．