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荡秋千时,在秋千摆到最低位置时从秋千踏板上站起,而在秋千摆到最高处时蹲下,使秋千越荡越高.本文从力学角度对该现象做出解释. 相似文献
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理论分析了收集极中运动电子的失能机制和电子能量对电子束能量沉积的影响,用蒙特卡罗方法计算了不同能量下入射电子的能量沉积分布,分析了电子能量对电子束在收集极中能量沉积的影响,并据此提出了提高收集极耐电子束轰击能力的两种途径。结果表明:激发和电离是收集极中入射电子的主要失能机制;电子的能量越高,在材料中的穿透能力越强,收集极中被收集电子束的最大能量沉积密度越低。综合考虑束流密度分布对能量沉积的影响,可通过两种途径来提高收集极耐电子束轰击的能力:一是通过结构设计增大电子束的收集面积,减小收集极上被收集电子束的束流密度;二是设计高阻抗器件,增大被收集电子束的电子能量,减小收集极上被收集电子束的束流密度。 相似文献
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为了研究聚四氟乙烯材料(PTFE)在空间粒子环境中放电规律及其影响因素,通过实验获得了高真空低能电子辐照下PTFE高压直流沿面闪络电压,并采用等温电位衰减法测试了PTEE在辐照前及辐照后的陷阱密度,分析了影响PTEE沿面闪络电压的因素。研究结果表明:相比于无辐照时PTFE沿面闪络电压,当辐照电子能量为19~25 keV时,闪络电压明显更高;在电子束流密度不变的情况下,电子能量越高,材料表面正电荷密度越小,陷阱密度与电导率越大,电场畸形程度越小,因此闪络电压升高;当电子能量一定时,束流密度越高,初始电子数量和二次电子数量越多,因此闪络电压降低。 相似文献
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采用二维线性调频z变换算法,分析了影响高能激光系统光束质量β因子测量准确性的因素。本文详细分析了采样点数(即衍射极限内的采样点数)和衍射光斑图像的能量损失率对光束质量β因子的影响。在衍射极限角直径2(λ/D)范围内不同采样点数的模拟结果表明:采样点数越高,光斑衍射图像的分辨率越高,进而光束质量β因子计算越准确。在一倍衍射极限角2.44(λ/D)范围内应最低不少于10个采样点,即可将β因子的测量误差控制在3%。同时,不同像差对光斑图像能量损失率的敏感程度不同,相同能量损失率下,高阶像差的β因子测量误差要高于低阶像差。特别是球差类的像差对能量损失最为敏感,约5%的能量损失就可带来15%~30%的β因子计算误差。 相似文献
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介绍了紫外光大气传输理论和非直视单散射模型.在此模型基础上,针对紫外光通信系统的结构设计对信道能量损耗的影响进行了理论上的定性分析.对不同天气、不同通信模式、不同几何结构参量条件下,大气信道所产生的能量损耗进行了定量仿真.仿真结果表明:能量衰减随通信距离的增加而增大;不同能见度条件下,能量衰减随通信距离的递增程度不同,能见度越高能量衰减越小,可实现的通信距离越远;通信距离随发射仰角的减小而增加,随接收仰角的减小而增加,且发射仰角对通信距离的影响程度大于接收仰角;通信距离随发射束散角的增加而增加,随接收视场角的减小而增加,且接收视场角对通信距离的影响程度远大于发射束散角. 相似文献
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介绍了紫外光大气传输理论和非直视单散射模型.在此模型基础上,针对紫外光通信系统的结构设计对信道能量损耗的影响进行了理论上的定性分析.对不同天气、不同通信模式、不同几何结构参量条件下,大气信道所产生的能量损耗进行了定量仿真.仿真结果表明:能量衰减随通信距离的增加而增大;不同能见度条件下,能量衰减随通信距离的递增程度不同,能见度越高能量衰减越小,可实现的通信距离越远;通信距离随发射仰角的减小而增加,随接收仰角的减小而增加,且发射仰角对通信距离的影响程度大于接收仰角;通信距离随发射束散角的增加而增加,随接收视场角的减小而增加,且接收视场角对通信距离的影响程度远大于发射束散角. 相似文献
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In this study, an energy model based on the first law of thermodynamics is developed to evaluated energy efficiency and specific energy consumption. The influences of hot air temperature and initial weight of coffee beans on energy consumption are considered. Furthermore, a comparison between combined microwave–hot air spouted bed drying and hot air spouted bed drying methods on energy consumption is also investigated in detail. The results show that energy efficiency as well as energy consumption depends on hot air temperature, initial weight of coffee bean, and typical drying methods (combined microwave–hot air spouted bed and hot air spouted bed). The optimum drying condition is also achieved in this study. 相似文献
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B. A. Brusilovsky 《辐射效应与固体损伤》2013,168(3-4):303-306
The effect of polymorphous transitions on the temperature dependence of the number of ions scattered in a given direction has been studied for different scattering angles. 相似文献
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通过一个简单的具体问题,对内能和机械能之间的本质区别进行了解析,这对于深入理解热力学中的概念及其规律的本质是极有意义的。 相似文献
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The nuclear symmetry energy coefficient(including the coefficient a_(sym)~((4)) of the I~4 term) of finite nuclei is extracted by using the differences of available experimental binding energies of isobaric nuclei.It is found that the extracted symmetry energy coefficient a_(sym)~*(A,I) decreases with increasing isospin asymmetry I,which is mainly caused by Wigner correction,since e_(sym)~* is the summation of the traditional symmetry energy e_(sym) and the Wigner energy ew.We obtain the optimal values J = 30.25±0.10 MeV,a_(ss)=56.18±1.25 MeV,a_(sym)~((4)) = 8.33±1.21 MeV and the Wigner parameter x= 2.38 ±0.12 through a polynomial fit to 2240 measured binding energies for nuclei with20 ≤ A ≤ 261 with an rms deviation of 23.42 keV.We also find that the volume symmetry coefficient J■ 30 MeV is insensitive to the value x,whereas the surface symmetry coefficient a_(ss) and the coefficient a_(sym)~((4)) are very sensitive to the value of x in the range 1≤x≤4.The contribution of the a_(sym)~((4)) term increases rapidly with increasing isospin asymmetry I.For very neutron-rich nuclei,the contribution of the a_(sym)~((4)) term will play an important role. 相似文献
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Chenyixuan Ni Xiaodai Xue Shengwei Mei Xiao-Ping Zhang Xiaotao Chen 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2020,22(12)
As a fundamental infrastructure of energy supply for future society, energy Internet (EI) can achieve clean energy generation, conversion, storage and consumption in a more economic and safer way. This paper demonstrates the technology principle of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system (AA-CAES), as well as analysis of the technical characteristics of AA-CAES. Furthermore, we propose an overall architectural scheme of a clean energy router (CER) based on AA-CAES. The storage and mutual conversion mechanism of wind and solar power, heating, and other clean energy were designed to provide a key technological solution for the coordination and comprehensive utilization of various clean energies for the EI. Therefore, the design of the CER scheme and its efficiency were analyzed based on a thermodynamic simulation model of AA-CAES. Meanwhile, we explored the energy conversion mechanism of the CER and improved its overall efficiency. The CER based on AA-CAES proposed in this paper can provide a reference for efficient comprehensive energy utilization (CEU) (93.6%) in regions with abundant wind and solar energy sources. 相似文献
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Summary A method is given to calculate the maximum compositional gradient in single crystals, grown by unidirectional solidification,
of binary or pseudobinary materials. The calculation is based on the data obtained from the phase diagrams. Compositional
gradients of HgTe-CdTe and PbTe-SnTe systems along the growth axis are shown. 相似文献