讨论弹性势能的相对性时需要说明什么

在普通高中课程标准实验教科书<物理*必修2>中第七章第五节"探究弹性势能的表达式",这一节内容中最后有"说一说:在以上探究中我们规定,弹簧处于自然状态下,也就是既不伸长也不缩短时的势能为零势能.能不能规定弹簧某任意长度时的势能为零势能?说说你的想法."     

球状物体作微形变时弹性势能的研究

研究一个弹性球在保持体积不变的前提下,形变为长旋转椭球时的弹性势能.首先通过最小势能原理和物理条件确定位移函数,然后根据弹性势能密度-应变-位移三者之间的关系,通过积分计算得到弹性势能,并且进行了有益的讨论.     

弹性势能零点选择与弹性势能表达式问题讨论

弹性势能差值不会因为弹性势能的零点选择而改变,但当规定弹性势能的零点位置不同时,系统的弹性势能却有不同的表达式.当选择弹簧原长时为零势能点,弹性势能的表示形式最简单,Ep=1/2kx2.是不是通常情况都是以弹簧原长时为零势能点?在具体问题中,零势能点的选取有没有特定的要求?文中对上述问题作出了系统性的分析与回答.     

用DIS验证简谐运动中的机械能守恒定律

利用DIS验证了竖直方向做简谐运动的弹簧振子的运动规律,并探究重力势能、动能、弹性势能3种能量随时间的变化关系,进而得出机械能守恒定律.     

选择典型过程 治疗学生的恐簧症

对如何选择典型过程,让弹性势能为零或者弹性势能等量替代的方法作了一些分析与探讨,让学生了解了弹簧题的特点和解题技巧.     

弯曲薄板的形状

假设弹性势能正比于曲率平方,由变分原理,得到了在外力作用下处于平衡状态的弹性物体的形状方程.通过实验验证了弹性势能的假设.对于特定边界条件,弯曲薄板给出了水滴和心形形状.     

从弹性势能储能系数出发讨论两光滑小球的斜碰问题

给出了物体的弹性势能储存系数的定义．从弹性势能储存系数出发讨论两光滑小球的斜碰问题,并导出了碰撞前后系统动能之间的关系．     

关于弹性势能的讨论

讨论了当势能零点任意选取时弹性势能的表达式及其取值情况，并对这些情况作了理论上的解释。     

用演示电表显示弹性形变

用演示电表显示弹性形变唐金安（河南安阳县崔家桥乡一中４５５１１２）新编初中物理教材＂动能和势能的转化＂中安排了一个演示动能和弹性势能相互转化的实验．实验时用小球撞击弹簧片使之发生形变，而后弹簧片复原将球弹回，从而说明动能和弹性势能的相互转化．实验不足...     

势能零点位置选取的简便方法

力学问题中常见的势能是弹性势能和重力势能．由于势能的相对性，在选取不同的势能零点位置时，计算过程有简有繁．因而，确定合适的势能零点会给解决问题带来方便．     

Relations between Varshni and Morse potential energy parameters

A set of relationships between the Morse and Varshni potential functions for describing covalent bondstretching energy has been developed by imposing equal force constant and equal energy integral. In view of the extensive adoption of Morse function in molecular force fields, this paper suggests two sets of parameter conversions from Varshni to Morse. The parameter conversion based on equal force constant is applicable for small change in bond length, while the parameter conversion based on equal energy integral is more applicable for significant bond-stretching. Plotted results reveal that the Varshni potential function is more suitable for describing hard bonds rather than soft bonds.      

解相对论Dirac方程计算低能电子弹性散射截面的分波法

本文给出一个基于解相对论Dirac方程计算低能电子弹性散射截面的方法,比较Thomas-Fermi-Dirac(TFD)势及Hartree-Fock(HF)势对散射截面计算的影响,计算了C、Al、Cu、Ag、Au等多种元素在0.01~10keV能量范围的弹性散射截面,比较分析Mott模型、Pendry模型以及屏蔽的Rutherford截面之间的差异。     

Dislocation energy and calculation from Peierls stress： a rigorous the lattice theory

In the classical Peierls--Nabarro (P-N) theory of dislocation, there is a long-standing contradiction that the stable configuration of dislocation has maximum energy rather than minimum energy. In this paper, the dislocation energy is calculated rigorously in the context of the full lattice theory. It is found that besides the misfit energy considered in the classical P-N theory, there is an extra elastic strain energy that is also associated with the discreteness of lattice. The contradiction can be automatically removed provided that the elastic strain energy associated with the discreteness is taken into account. This elastic strain energy is very important because its magnitude is larger than the misfit energy, its sign is opposite to the misfit energy. Since the elastic strain energy and misfit energy associated with discreteness cancel each other, and the width of dislocation becomes wide in the lattice theory, the Peierls energy, which measures the height of the effective potential barrier, becomes much smaller than that given in the classical P-N theory. The results calculated here agree with experimental data. Furthermore, based on the results obtained, a useful formula of the Peierls stress is proposed to fully include the discreteness effects.     

Anchoring properties of substrate with a grating surface

The anchoring properties of substrate with a grating surface are investigated analytically. The alignment of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) in a grating surface originates from two mechanisms, thus the anchoring energy consists of two parts. One originates from the interaction potential between NLC molecules and the molecules on the substrate surface, and the other stems from the increased elastic strain energy. Based on the two mechanisms, the expression of anchoring energy per unit area of a projected plane of this grating surface is deduced and called the equivalent anchoring energy formula. Both the strength and the easy direction of equivalent anchoring energy are a function of the geometrical parameters (amplitude and pitch) of a grating surface. By using this formula, the grating surface can be replaced by its projected plane and its anchoring properties can be described by the equivalent anchoring energy formula.     

Structure and analytical potential energy function for the ground state of the BCx (x=0, －1)

In this paper, the electronic states of the ground states and dissociation limits of BC and BC- are correctly determined based on group theory and atomic and molecular reaction statics. The equilibrium geometries, harmonic frequencies and dissociation energies of the ground state of BC and BC- are calculated by using density function theory and quadratic CI method including single and double substitutions. The analytical potential energy functions of these states have been fitted with Murrell-Sorbie potential energy function from our ab initio calculation results. The spectroscopic data （αe, ωe and ωeχe） of each state is calculated via the relation between analytical potential energy function and spectroscopic data. All the calculations are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

以弹跳机器人为背景的弹性环弹跳运动能量转换

文章以弹性环作为弹跳机器人的简单物理模型,研究弹性环对胡克定律的适用性以及弹性势能与初始动能的关系,在此基础上得出忽略空气阻力以及考虑空气阻力的理论弹起高度.文章利用高速摄像系统对弹性环运动过程进行观测,数据分析结果表明理论值与实验结果吻合较好.本文对于弹性环这种简单弹跳模型所得的研究结果有助于为弹跳机器人的能量转换效率及控制弹跳高度提供参考.     

具有聚电解质层圆柱形纳米通道中的电动能量转换效率

柔性纳米通道是在刚性纳米通道壁面处添加一层带某种电荷的聚电解质层或固定电荷层的纳米通道. 本文在低Zeta势近似下, 通过解析求解电势满足的线性化Poisson-Boltzmann方程和速度满足的Cauchy动量方程, 给出了圆柱形柔性纳米通道中电解质溶液的流向势和电动能量转换效率的解析解. 在表面Zeta势取值相同, 且管径相同(聚电解质层厚度远小于管径前提下)的情形下, 将圆柱形柔性纳米通道和刚性纳米通道中电解质溶液的流向势和电动转换效率进行了比较. 结果表明, 柔性纳米通道中的流向势和转换效率明显高于刚性通道中的流向势和转换效率. 在本文选取的参数范围内, 柔性纳米通道中的电动转换效率比刚性纳米通道中的转换效率提高1.5-3倍.     

浅谈从保守力做功到势能概念的引入

通过保守力做功到势能概念的引入方法的介绍，并从保守力做功与势能的定量关系出发对势能的定义及特点进行了讨论．