黑火药余烬中无机阴离子的毛细管电泳方法研究

 发展了一种用于黑火药余烬中无机阴离子测定的毛细管电泳分析方法。对缓冲溶液的组成及pH值、电渗流改性剂的浓度以及分离电压等条件进行了研究。选定条件 :分离电压为 - 2 0kV ,缓冲溶液为 5 0mmol/L的Na2 CrO4(pH 8 2 0 ) ,电渗流改性剂为 0 5mmol/L的溴化十六烷基三甲基铵 (CTAB) ,检测波长为 2 5 4nm。在上述条件下 ,5种阴离子在 4min内可完全分离。各组分迁移时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差 (RSD)分别为 0 17%～1 4 0 %和 3 9%～ 5 0 % ,最低检测限为 5 0 μmol/L～ 10 0 μmol/L。     

高效毛细管电泳电导法快速检测复方维生素B片中的VBl、VBl2、VB6和VC

采用高效毛细管电泳电导法同时分离、测定了复方维生素B片中的主要成分VB1，VB12，VB6和VC的含量。研究了运行缓冲溶液的酸度和浓度、电泳电压、进样时间等因素对电泳的影响。在优化的实验条件下：40mmol/L Tris-4mmol/L H3BO3(pH8．0)的缓冲溶液中加入0．30mmol/L CTAB(溴化十六烷基三甲基铵)，分离电压为15kV，上述4组分在5min内得到良好的分离。维生素B1，B12，B6和VC的线性范围分别为5．5～1．0mg/mL；15～1．5mg／mL;1．0～0．40mg／mL和6．6～0．80mg／mL；检测限分别为0．80μg/mL，4．0μg/mL，0．50μg/mL，2．9μg/mL；5次测定峰高的相对标准偏差分别为2．2％，1．6％，3．9％，2．8％。5次测定的平均回收率分别为99％，94％，l00％，97％。     

毛细管电泳-电致化学发光法测定人尿中脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸

采用毛细管电泳-联吡啶钌电致化学发光法检测了人尿中的脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸。讨论了联吡啶钌浓度、检测电位、磷酸盐缓冲液浓度和pH值、进样电压和进样时间等实验条件对脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸分离检测的影响。在优化实验条件下，脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸分别在0．008～2和0．01～2mmol／L范围内呈良好线性(相关系数0．997)；检出限浓度分别为2和4μmol／L。测定了人尿中游离脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸以及两者总浓度，回收率96．4％～99．7％。     

文物附着物水浸取液中阴、阳离子的离子色谱法测定

采用电导检测离子色谱法,对海底打捞文物附着物水浸取液中阴阳离子进行分析,测定了其中的常见阴离子(F^-、Cl^-、NO2^-、Br^-等)和阳离子(Na^ 、NH^ 、K^ 、Mg^2 、Ca^2 等),其中阴离子的检出限(S／N=3)在4．4～25．1μg／L之间,阳离子的检出限在5．8～14．3μg/L之间,阴阳离子的线性范围均在2个数量级以上,回收率在96％～107％之间,RSD(n=7)在2．5％以下,该方法简便、可靠。     

柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱法测定血清中9种胆汁酸

建立了一种柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)测定血清中9种胆汁酸的方法。以4-溴甲基-7-甲氧基香豆素(BMC)为衍生剂,用Waters Nova C18色谱柱分离,采用甲醇／乙腈和水梯度洗脱,荧光检测,9种胆汁酸在5～40μmol／L范围内具有良好线性,r为0．9988～0．9998。回收率为85．40％～100．45％,检出限为1～2μmol／L。该法灵敏、特效、重复性好,可用于临床血清中微量胆汁酸的测定。     

单扫描示波极谱法测定药物中的苯妥英钠

建立了测定苯妥英钠的新方法。在0．016mol／L B-R(pH 7．0)缓冲溶液中,本妥英钠产生一还原波,峰电位为-1．18V。该还原波二阶导数峰电流与苯妥英钠浓度呈线性,线性范围为2．5～50μg／mL,检出限为2．0μg／mL。该方法用于片剂中笨妥英钠含量的测定,结果满意。     

铬天青S共振光散射法测定脱氧核糖核酸

介绍在阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)存在下阴离子染料铬天青S(CAS)共振光散射(RLS)法测定脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的方法。在pH=5．27的六次甲基四铵一盐酸缓冲溶液中，研究了CAS—CT-MAB—yDNA体系的RLS光谱特征、影响因素和最佳反应条件。在最佳条件下，体系的RLS强度增加值△I与yDNA的浓度在50～800μg／L和1000～2000μg／L呈线性关系，其线性回归方程分别为△I=0．48c 2．56和△I=0．14c 17．86，相关系数分别为0．9997和0．9991，检出限为4．3ng／mL。该方法简便、快速，应用于合成样品中yDNA的测定，测定结果的相对标准偏差为2．93％～4．71％，回收率为97．8％～105．2％。     

高效毛细管电泳法测定葡萄酒中的苋菜红及亮蓝

建立了高效毛细管电泳法直接分离测定葡萄酒中苋菜红及壳蓝的方法。研究了缓冲体系种类、pH值、缓冲溶液浓度及有机添加剂对分离效果的影响。确定的最佳实验条件：未涂层石英毛细管柱（50cm×75μm）,分离缓冲溶液10mmol／L柠檬酸-5mmol／L∥一环糊精（pH2．6）,检测波长220nm,电泳电压20kv,压力进样（20kPa×3s）,电泳温度为室温。该方法测定的苋菜红及亮蓝质量浓度在2-200mg／L范围内线性良好,苋菜红及亮蓝的检出限分别为0．58,0．50mg／L,线性相关系数-≥0．9994,回收率在93．9％～107．2％之间。该方法无需样品预处理,操作简便,测定准确,能满足实际样品的分析需求。     

毛细管电泳-柱端安培检测测定莲子心中荷叶碱、芦丁和金丝桃甙的含量

采用毛细管电泳-柱端安培检测测定莲子心中荷叶碱、芦丁和金丝桃甙的含量．研究了检测电位、运行缓冲液浓度和pH值,分离电压和进样时间对分离和检测的影响．以微碳圆盘电极（Ф=0.5ram）为工作电极,检测电位为＋0．95V（vs．Ag／AgCl）,pH为7．25的50mmol／L Na2B4O7和100mmol／L NaH2PO4缓冲液为运行液,当分离电压为15kV时,3种分析物在15min内完全分离．荷叶碱、芦丁和金丝桃甙的检出限（S／N=3）分别为0．02μg／mL、0．05μg／mL和0．04μg／mL．该方法已成功地应用于莲子心中上述3种活性成分的测定．     

巯基乙胺修饰电极法测定植物体内超氧阴离子自由基

盐酸羟胺与超氧阴离子自由基反应生成NO2-,通过检测NO2-的生成量,可间接测定超氧阴离子自由基。基于上述原理,建立了一种用巯基乙胺自组装修饰金电极测定生物体系中超氧阴离子自由基的新方法。实验结果表明,在pH4.8的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,修饰电极对NO2-的氧化具有良好的电催化作用,差分脉冲溶出伏安法测定其氧化峰电流与NO2-的浓度在5.0×10-8~1.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈线性关系,其线性回归方程为ipa(μA)=3.726C(μmol/L) 0.0257,相关系数为0.9983;检出限为1.0×10-8mol/L。该法用于玉米幼苗和叶片中超氧阴离子自由基产生速率的测定,结果令人满意。     

Copolymers of tetrafluoroethene with chlorotrifluoroethene and with bromotrifluoroethene

Tetrafluoroethene (TFE)–chlorotrifluoroethene (CTFE) and TFE–bromotrifluoroethene (BTFE) copolymers have been synthesized by solution copolymerization over the entire range of comonomer composition. Crystallinity data are reported and first- and second-order transitions have been investigated by DSC. Glass transition temperatures of TFE-CTFE copolymers vary in a nonlinear fashion in the range defined by the homopolymers conforming best to the Johnston equation; the behavior in the TFE-BTFE system is more linear. Whereas TFE-BTFE copolymers show a steep decrease of melting temperature at higher BTFE content, due to the amorphous character of the polymers, more regular behavior was found for TFE-CTFE copolymers. Enthalpies of fusion are also reported. The results are discussed in relation to copolymer composition and structure and are compared with data on tetrafluoroethene–hexafluoropropene (FEP) fluorocarbon resins.     

Asymmetric sorbents with N-carboxymethyl-L-valine and with N-carboxymethyl-L-aspartic acid

Conclusions The asymmetric sorbents with N-carboxymethyl-L-valine with N-carboxymethyl-L-aspartic acid can be used to resolve racemates by the ligand-exchange chromatography method. Institute of Heteroorganic Compounds, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2378–2380, October, 1976.     

Extraction with supercritical gases in coupling with thin-layer chromatography

Summary Numerous substances can be extracted from samples by supercritical gases, e.g. either carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide in the fluid condition at temperatures of 40° C and pressures between 70 and 400 bar. An apparatus for such solvent-free extraction in the analytical field is described. It is coupled directly with a receiving apparatus for subsequent thin-layer chromatography. Three examples with corresponding chromatograms show the possibilities and advantages of this new coupling procedure.

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Extraktion mit überkritischen Gasen in Kopplung mit der Dünnschicht-Chromatographie1. Mitteilung: Aufbau der Apparatur, Handhabung und Anwendung

Zusammenfassung Zahlreiche Substanzen lassen sich mit überkritischen Gasen aus Proben fraktioniert abtrennen. Als Gase dienen z.B. Kohlendioxid und Distickstoffoxid im fluiden Zustand, d.h. bei Temperaturen von 40° C und Drücken zwischen 70 und 400 bar. Für derartige lösungsmittelfreie Extraktionen im analytischen Bereich wird eine Apparatur beschrieben. Sie ist direkt mit einer Auffangapparatur zur anschließenden Dünnschicht-Chromatographie gekoppelt. An 3 Beispielen mit entsprechenden Chromatogrammen werden die Möglichkeiten und Vorteile dieser neuen Kopplungsmethode demonstriert.

     

Reactions of indole derivatives with cardioprotective activity with reactive oxygen species. Comparison with melatonin

We have previously reported on the synthesis of novel indole derivatives containing an amine-triazole moiety (1a-d, 2a-c), and their antioxidant activity on in vitro non-enzymatic rat hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation. Some of the compounds showed protective activity against oxidative injury of ischemic myocardium. In the present paper we investigated the interactions of these derivatives with reactive oxygen species, in order to find a mechanism of their antioxidant capacity and to identify structural characteristics responsible for these properties. These interactions were compared with melatonin, which is also an indole derivative. The antioxidant profiles of the compounds were established by different in vitro protocols as follows: 1) by the interaction of the compounds with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) stable free radical, 2) their scavenging effects on superoxide anions using an enzymic system of xanthine-xanthine oxidase, 3) their inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase and 4) their ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals by comparison with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for *OH. All compounds were found to interact with DPPH, most of them to be superoxide anion scavengers and to be strong hydroxyl radical scavengers. Derivatives 1a and 1d substituted on the nitrogen of the indolic nucleus were found to have better antioxidant properties than the reference compounds used and melatonin.     

Voltammetry with a Fluoride-Selective Electrode with Solid-Phase Reference System

Experimental results obtained in a study of the voltammetric response of an all-solid fluoride-selective electrode based on LaF₃ (Eu²⁺ 0.8 mol %), LaF₃ (Sr²⁺ 5 mol %) and CeF₃ (Sr²⁺ 5 mol %) single crystals brought in contact with Ag, Bi, and Sn metal samples are presented. The method of cathodic inversion voltammetry was applied to study the reduction of La³⁺ and Ce³⁺-cations from the rigid sublattice of solid electrolytes, which determines the threshold of the electrochemical stability of a membrane. Anodic inversion voltammetry was used to investigate the characteristics of solid-phase generation of metal fluorides at the interface between the fluoride-selective electrode and metals.     

Microfibrillated cellulose with sizing for reinforcing composites with LDPE

Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) fibers were acylated by the sizing agent, alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) reagent in an aqueous medium, by simple impregnation. The chemical modification was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid-state ¹³C NMR. All the samples were combined with low-density polyethylene and the morphology, thermal properties, mechanical properties and water absorption behavior of the ensuing composites were investigated. The chemical modification of the MFC with ASA improved the interfacial adhesion with the matrix and hence the mechanical properties of the composites while decreasing their water uptake capacity. In addition, it was shown that the degree of substitution strongly influenced the performance of the composites.     

Reaction of isatin with alkylating agents with acidic methylenes

The reaction of isatin (1) with different alkyl halides 2 and alkaline carbonates in aprotic polar solvents leads mainly to N-alkyl derivatives 3. The use of alkylating agents that have acidic methylenes leads to competitive formation of the corresponding epoxide 5. The formation of 5 is favored by low-polarity solvents at low temperatures and strong bases. Epoxides 5c, d obtained using NaEtOH/EtOH at 0–5 °C are transformed into the corresponding 4-quinolinones 6 at higher temperatures. The use of Ag₂CO₃ allows obtaining compounds 3 as major products, along with varying amounts of labile O-alkyl derivatives 4 and dimerization products.     

Multielement analysis with ICP-AES-possibilities for quality control with CRMs

Summary An analysis using Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) together with routine samples is by far the best approach for quality control in multielement analysis of environmental samples. The selection of the correct CRM is thus the first important step for all reliable analysis. The chosen material should have a similar matrix, similar concentration of the element(s) of interest and a sufficient number of well-certified elements. For the analysis of samples from the Environmental Specimen Bank only a few CRMs could be successfully used. These were analyzed for a considerable period of time, together with the routine samples for quality control. The results of these analyses were compared with the certified values.