光束旋转90°多程放大系统的波前误差校正

 光束通过神光-Ⅲ原型装置四程放大系统发生了90°旋转和扩束。在四程放大系统腔镜处放置变形镜校正系统像差是一种新的自适应光学方案，推导出被校正像差与变形镜面形之间的数学关系。理论推导表明，在扩束比大于1的前提下，腔镜处变形镜可以校正系统输出的任意类型的像差，且变形镜对应的面形唯一。理论分析和计算仿真说明该方案的校正能力与像差类型和扩束比有关，扩束比增大将增强变形镜校正像散的能力，但系统旋光消像散的能力也将减弱。     

四程放大系统腔镜位置变形镜的面形解

 根据在大型高功率固体激光装置中自适应光学技术的应用研究，将变形镜置于腔镜位置，有利于提高自适应光学系统的校正动态范围。基于变口径90°翻转四程放大系统的光路特点，从理论上比较完整地解决了四程放大系统腔镜位置变形镜面形解的存在性问题，并对口径变换比值(缩束比)与面形求解之间的关系问题进行了数值模拟，结果表明:只要缩束比小于1，对应系统连续波前畸变的腔镜位置面形解是存在的，且随着缩束比减小，解的收敛性增强。     

三反射镜空间遥感器的光学设计

通过选取三镜消像散(Three-mirror anastigmat,TMA)的结构形式介绍了共轴系统离轴使用的方法。TMA系统由三个二次曲面镜、一个变形镜和一个快速稳像镜构成。根据三镜系统的初级像差理论推导出了系统的初始结构,利用自动光学设计软件Zemax对初始结构进行了像差优化设计。采用两种优化方法来保证系统的出瞳与变形镜重合,以便于校正主镜的剩余误差。所设计出的光学系统的成像质量可接近衍射极限,满足了系统对成像质量的要求。     

正支共焦非稳腔的离焦像差特性

 正支共焦非稳腔在出光过程中易受环境扰动而造成腔长失调，易受热积累影响而使腔镜变形，从而使输出光束产生离焦像差和部分其它像差。为了实现对离焦像差的校正，针对不同的产生原因，提出了2种离焦像差特性分析方法：一为腔镜相对位置失调引起的离焦像差特性理论分析方法，它是另一种分析方法的基础；二为腔镜变形引起的等效腔长变化导致的离焦像差特性分析方法，它是实际激光器中的主要分析方法。得到了离焦像差与腔长的特性关系和离焦像差与腔镜变形量之间的特性关系。研究表明：腔长改变和腔镜变形对离焦像差的影响本质是一样的，都是改变了谐振腔的共焦点位置；腔长改变或腔镜矢高变化与离焦像差都成近似的线性关系。实验验证了离焦像差特性分析方法的有效性，最后指出离焦像差特性可作为激光器中离焦像差动态补偿的有效依据。     

双压电片变形镜像差校正能力

利用实测影响函数,通过数值仿真分析了有效孔径、光束入射角度对于20单元双压电片变形镜像差校正能力的影响。仿真结果表明:有效孔径为16 mm时,变形镜对于各阶像差的校正能力较好;而随着光束入射到变形镜角度的增大,变形镜对于像差的校正精度与校正幅度都会出现下降,但是如果能够将入射角控制在25以内,入射角度对变形镜的像差校正能力影响不大。     

带边缘驱动的214单元单压电变形镜仿真与实验

为了提高用于天文自适应光学系统的单压电变形镜的校正能力,提出了一种直径为75 mm且包含214个单元的带边缘驱动的单压电变形镜,单压电变形镜的边缘由数个压电堆栈执行器支撑.首先,通过有限元方法对变形镜进行仿真建模,分析比较三点、六点能动支撑对变形镜性能的影响.之后制备了三点、六点边缘驱动的变形镜样机.最后,利用波前传感器测试了边缘执行器对低阶像差的校正能力.实验结果表明:在0~100 V电压下,三点能动支撑与六点能动支撑变形镜均可重构大于12μm的倾斜像差,对应的归一化残余误差小于0.06,六点致动对像散和三叶草像差也具有较好的校正能力,证明边缘执行器可提高单压电变形镜的校正能力.     

一种提高波前空间校正能力的组合变形镜自适应光学系统

提出了一种利用光学共轭关系,实现多变形镜空间匹配从而提高波前空间校正能力的自适应光学系统方案.通过理论分析给出了组合变形镜的面形描述方法,在此基础上建立了一套基于由两块相同方形排列变形镜构成的组合波前校正器的完整自适应光学实验系统.通过数值仿真研究了该系统对前35阶Zernike像差的校正效果,并且通过实验对比了组合变形镜和单一变形镜对实际静态像差的闭环校正效果.结果表明组合变彤镜可以等效为一多单元变形镜,在直接斜率控制算法下正常稳定闭环工作,校正效果明显优于单一变形镜.组合变形镜技术通过空间匹配实现了增加波前校正器驱动单元数和等效交连值,有效地提高了对波前的空间校正能力,因此可以代替高成本的单一多驱动器变形镜用于自适应光学系统中高阶像差的校正.     

消像差条件在共形光学系统中的应用

根据轴对称光学系统中的消像散条件探讨了共形整流罩结构中消像散万向节点位置的存在性.在此基础上,对共形光学系统中消像差万向节点位置进行了理论推导.软件分析结果表明,轴对称光学系统消像差条件对于共形光学系统的设计仍有良好的指导意义,由此得到的"消像差"共形光学系统的残余像差已处于实际成像系统的像差校正能力范围之内.     

单驱动器变形镜对低阶像差补偿能力的研究

变形镜能够实时校正波前相位畸变,减弱大气湍流的影响,是自适应光学系统的核心器件。单驱动器变形镜通过1个驱动器产生1个模式,恢复波前相位。利用有限元软件,研究了单驱动器变形镜对低阶像差的补偿能力。仿真结果表明,单驱动器变形镜可以对离焦、像散及彗差进行有效补偿,通过控制驱动器的位移,分别实现了对PV值为5 m的离焦、像散和慧差的补偿,补偿后的残差PV值分别为1.5 m、1.6 m和1.2 m,残差的RMS值分别为0.99 m、0.63 m和0.59 m。     

双变形镜自适应光学系统像差解耦研究

对由大行程变形镜和高空间频率变形镜组成的双变形镜自适应光学系统中的像差解耦原理和限定像差校正算法做了理论分析。认为在高空间频率变形镜的斜率响应矩阵中加入限定像差向量,根据直接斜率法分别计算出两个变形镜的控制电压,可以实现两个变形镜分别对低阶像差和高阶像差的闭环校正。仿真研究了19单元变形镜和61单元变形镜组成的双变形镜自适应光学系统对低阶像差和高阶像差分别校正的情况,结果说明双变形镜自适应光学系统的校正效果与理想行程的单变形镜自适应光学系统的校正效果相当,避免了制作同时具有大行程和高空间频率两个特征的变形镜。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.     

Direction-of-arrival estimation using matrix spatial prefiltering approach

An approach to direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation for multiple narrowband farfield signals is proposed. The technique uses a novel matrix spatial prefiltering approach. Specifically, a matrix filter is designed to spatially filter the incoming data snapshots. The un-wanted components arriving from the stopband angular sectors are attenuated and the desired components from the angular sector of interest pass with minimal distortion. The matrix filter spatially filters the element-space data and the output reserves the element-space data property, which makes it very useful by passing sensor data through a spatial prefilter prior to applying many other array processors to attenuate interferences and improve system performance. Several examples of DOA estimation problem are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed spatial prefiltering approach. Results of simulation and real data show that the pre-filter can efficiently attenuate the spatial interferences and significantly improve the estimation and resolution capability of DOA estimators at low signal-to-noise ratios for the sources located inside the passband sector. In addition, the use of spatial prefilter makes it possible to estimate DOAs for multiple sources more than the number of the elements of an array.     

Quantum efficiency calibration of opto-electronic detector by means of correlated photons method

A new calibration method of detectors can be realized by using correlated photons generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) effect of nonlinear crystal.An absolute calibration system of detector quantum efficiency is performed.And its principle and experimental setup are introduced.A continuouswave (CW) ultraviolet (351 nm),diode-pumped,frequency-doubled,and solid-state laser is used to pump BBO crystal.The quantum efficiencies of the photomultiplier at 633,702,and 789 nm are measured respectively.The coincidence peaks are observed using coincidence circuit.Some measurement factors including the filter bandwidth of trigger channel,the detector position alignment and polarization of the pump light are analyzed.The uncertainties of this calibration method are also analyzed,and the relative uncertainties of total calibration are less than 5.8%.The accuracy of this method could be improved in the future.