双压电片变形镜像差校正能力

利用实测影响函数,通过数值仿真分析了有效孔径、光束入射角度对于20单元双压电片变形镜像差校正能力的影响。仿真结果表明:有效孔径为16 mm时,变形镜对于各阶像差的校正能力较好;而随着光束入射到变形镜角度的增大,变形镜对于像差的校正精度与校正幅度都会出现下降,但是如果能够将入射角控制在25以内,入射角度对变形镜的像差校正能力影响不大。     

具有迟滞补偿的单压电变形镜的闭环校正性能

对具有迟滞补偿的单压电变形镜的闭环校正性能进行了研究。提出了基于Prandtl-Ishlinskii(PI)迟滞模型的变形镜闭环控制算法,搭建了基于哈特曼波前传感器的自适应光学测试平台,分别进行了静态像差和动态像差的闭环校正实验。实验结果表明:在静态像差的闭环校正中,迟滞消除算法比未消除算法具有更快的校正速度;对于波前像差均方根的平均值为168nm的动态像差,校正后的残差从消除前的33nm降低到校正后的25nm,证明了所提算法可有效应用于压电变形镜自适应光学系统。     

正电压边缘驱动的双压电片变形镜研制

为提高变形镜的热稳定性,提出一种用正电压边缘驱动的双压电片变形镜,通过环形电极产生整体离焦偏置,分立电极校正波前像差,只用正向电压即可实现镜面双向变形,且此变形镜结构对称受热应力影响小.制备变形镜样机并进行测试,测试结果表明:初始镜面展平后残余误差小于λ/30(λ=1 064nm);精确重构了典型低阶Zernike多项式像差,像散、离焦、三叶草和彗差像差的重构幅值分别达到11.1μm、9.7μm、5.7μm和4.2μm,归一化残余误差分别为1.0%、1.0%、3.3%、6.0%;此外,实验生成了新型无衍射艾里光束,并显示出优异的重构性能.     

双压电片变形反射镜样镜的设计与研制

双压电片变形反射镜作为波前校正器具有结构简单、变形量大、成本低及制造周期短的优点,能代替传统分立式变形镜从而降低自适应光学系统的成本.为验证工艺的可行性和了解双压电片变形反射镜的性能,制造了一块20单元的试验样镜.样镜采用了双层压电陶瓷的结构,其中一层作整体离焦电极以校正大幅值的离焦像差.利用Veeco干涉仪测最了样镜单元电极影响函数,分析了其埘前36项Zernike像差的校正能力.结果表明,样镜对离焦像差能获得高达8μm以上的校正量,对其它高阶像差也能适量校正,但校正能力随空间频率升高而降低,显示出其适合校正低阶像差的特性.此外,讨论了不同有效孔径下样镜对Zernike像差的拟合能力.     

37单元双压电片变形镜板条激光光束净化

为了校正板条激光器输出光束波前像差,改善输出光束质量,提出了基于37单元双压电片变形镜的板条激光光束净化系统。采用柱面反射式单向扩束器使主振荡功率放大结构板条激光器输出光束尺寸与37单元双压电片变形镜有效口径相匹配,利用随机并行梯度下降算法控制双压电片变形镜面形,进行波前像差闭环校正,校正后光束远场归一化桶中功率提高到净化前的2~3倍。     

压电薄膜变形镜响应函数计算及参数优化

 针对方口径压电薄膜变形镜,采用傅里叶级数法推导了其机电行为的数学解析式。并利用该表达式对该类变形镜的交联值、使用口径等性能指标进行了研究。结果表明：交联值随电极尺寸呈线性变化关系,在可用范围内保持在0.6以上,压电薄膜变形镜大的交联值保证了其对低阶像差强的校正能力;变形镜的校正能力与通光口径密切相关,其最佳使用口径比约为0.8。     

97单元MEMS变形镜波前像差拟合能力分析

变形镜是自适应光学系统的关键元件,它对波前像差的拟合能力决定了自适应光学系统的校正性能。文中从变形镜对Zernike单阶像差、组合像差以及闭环校正三个方面分析97单元变形镜的拟合能力。仿真结果表明,当原始波前均方根的值为一个波长时,Zernike多项式前3～42阶残余波前像差的RMS小于0.4λ,说明变形镜对Zernike的前3～42阶像差具有较好的拟合能力。变形镜对Zernike多项式组合相差拟合以及基于随机并行梯度下降算法的闭环校正结果表明,当波前像差较小时,像差基本得到完全拟合及校正,当波前像差较大时,如D/r_0=20时,残余波前像差的RMS值均小于0.14λ(初始RMS为0.63λ)。分析结果对97单元变形镜的实际应用提供了理论依据和使用参考。     

一种提高波前空间校正能力的组合变形镜自适应光学系统

提出了一种利用光学共轭关系,实现多变形镜空间匹配从而提高波前空间校正能力的自适应光学系统方案.通过理论分析给出了组合变形镜的面形描述方法,在此基础上建立了一套基于由两块相同方形排列变形镜构成的组合波前校正器的完整自适应光学实验系统.通过数值仿真研究了该系统对前35阶Zernike像差的校正效果,并且通过实验对比了组合变形镜和单一变形镜对实际静态像差的闭环校正效果.结果表明组合变彤镜可以等效为一多单元变形镜,在直接斜率控制算法下正常稳定闭环工作,校正效果明显优于单一变形镜.组合变形镜技术通过空间匹配实现了增加波前校正器驱动单元数和等效交连值,有效地提高了对波前的空间校正能力,因此可以代替高成本的单一多驱动器变形镜用于自适应光学系统中高阶像差的校正.     

20单元双压电片变形镜对Zernike像差空间拟合能力的实验研究

利用20单元双压电片变形镜和13×13阵列哈特曼波前传感器所构成的闭环自适应光学系统,实验测试了双压电片变形镜对3～20项静态Zernike像差的空间校正能力,并将实验结果与仿真计算结果进行了对比.最后分析了哈特曼传感器与双压电片变形镜之间的对准误差对实验结果的影响.研究表明,除了少数几项外,双压电片变形镜对3～20项Zernike像差的拟合误差都小于0.5,各项Zernike仿真和实验结果之差平均小于0.1.计算表明,与严格对准的理想情况相比,双压电片变形镜对3～20项Zernike像差中大多数项的拟合误差都随着失配程度的增加而增大,对准精度对于高阶像差拟合效果的影响尤其严重.     

双变形镜自适应光学系统像差解耦研究

对由大行程变形镜和高空间频率变形镜组成的双变形镜自适应光学系统中的像差解耦原理和限定像差校正算法做了理论分析。认为在高空间频率变形镜的斜率响应矩阵中加入限定像差向量,根据直接斜率法分别计算出两个变形镜的控制电压,可以实现两个变形镜分别对低阶像差和高阶像差的闭环校正。仿真研究了19单元变形镜和61单元变形镜组成的双变形镜自适应光学系统对低阶像差和高阶像差分别校正的情况,结果说明双变形镜自适应光学系统的校正效果与理想行程的单变形镜自适应光学系统的校正效果相当,避免了制作同时具有大行程和高空间频率两个特征的变形镜。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.