清远市学龄前儿童血铅水平分析

目的　探讨清远市学龄前儿童血铅水平、铅中毒分布特点及与其它元素的关系,为防治铅中毒损害提供依据,方法　在清远市城区,随机抽取在清远市妇幼保健院体检的5 5 3名1～6岁儿童为研究对象,采指端末梢血2 0 μL ,用原子吸收光谱仪测定血铅、钙、锌、铁、铜和锰的水平。结果　该市学龄前儿童血铅水平( 73 0±49 6) μg/L ,几何均值5 8 1 μg/L ,铅中毒流行率2 4 95 % ,以1 0 0～1 90 μg/L频率最高,占2 3 6% ,铅中毒流行率随年龄的增长而降低( χ2 =1 2 0 9,P <0 0 5 ) ;2岁组铅中毒流行率最高,血铅值与血钙、锌值呈显著负相关(r =-0 1 82 ,-0 1 5 0 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　2岁组对铅污染较敏感;增加钙、锌元素的补充,能预防儿童铅中毒     

轻中度铅中毒儿童的干预治疗

为探讨轻中度铅中毒儿童的干预治疗的方法 ,将 96例血铅水平 10 0～ 4 0 0 μg/L的铅中毒儿童随机分成三组 :对照组为健康教育组 ;治疗A组为服钙组 ;治疗B组为混合组 :服食钙剂的同时 ,配合进行有关的健康教育。分别干预三个月后复查血铅水平。结果表明 ,三组儿童干预前后的血铅水平分别为 :对照组 (n =30 ) 2 0 6 0± 6 6 0 μg/L ,134 2± 4 2 9μg/L ,下降了 35% ;治疗A组(n =34) 2 0 8 5± 6 0 3μg/L ,12 4 0± 4 0 7μg/L ,下降了 4 1% ;治疗B组 (n =32 ) 2 2 5 9± 70 4 μg/L ,10 8 4± 33 8μg/L ,下降了 52 %。干预前各组间血铅水平没有差异 (P >0 0 5) ,而干预后对照组与治疗A组、对照组与治疗B组间比较 ,t分别为 0 970 (P >0 0 5)、2 6 36 (P <0 0 1) ,对照组与治疗B组之间有显著差异。提示健康教育及口服钙剂皆能明显降低轻中度铅中毒儿童的血铅水平 ,而两者同时配合进行 ,效果更加显著。     

降铅保健液对儿童铅中毒治疗效果分析

为探讨非药物驱铅对铅中毒患儿的治疗效果 ,给锌原卟啉 (ZPP)值 >3 5 μg g- 1Hb的儿童服用降铅保健液 ,未服用者作为对照组。结果表明 ,服用降铅保健液组和对照组儿童 ,经过一个月后 ,ZPP值均有下降 ,服用组的ZPP值平均下降幅度达 2 2 4μg g- 1Hb ,大于对照组 (0 89μg g- 1Hb) ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1 )。两组儿童均未出现肝肾功能异常 ,未有患儿诉不良反应。提示服用降铅保健液驱铅对铅中毒儿童是有效和安全的方法     

产母及新生儿血铅水平及影响因素的研究

为了解佛山市产母、新生儿血铅水平及其相关影响因素 ,采用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱法 ,于 2 0 0 2年 5～ 9月 ,取本院产科产母静脉血及其新生儿脐血 1 5 2例 ,进行血铅、钙、锌、铁、铜和锰水平测定 ,按妇幼保健管理卡内容 ,进行相关记录。结果表明 ,产母血铅水平90 1± 3 4 8μg/L ,BPb≥ 1 0 0 μg/L者占 2 0 3 9% ;新生儿脐血铅水平 89 2± 3 1 6μg/L ,铅中毒率为2 2 3 7% ;母子血铅值呈显著正相关 (r=0 85 7,P <0 0 1 ) ,产母血铅值与其血钙、铁值显著负相关 (r=0 2 66,-0 3 0 1 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;城郊产母及新生儿血铅水平显著高于城区。揭示市郊孕妇、新生儿血铅较高 ,血钙、锌、铁含量影响血铅水平     

1570例学龄前儿童血铅水平调查

为了解顺德伦教学龄前儿童血铅水平及铅中毒发病情况 ,以便及时采取有效措施 ,根据整群分层随机抽样 ,检测了本区学龄前儿童血铅水平 ,并进行了流行病学分析。结果表明 ,本次调查学龄前儿童 1 5 70例 ,血铅水平为 (1 0 8 6± 79 8) μg/L ,儿童铅中毒患病率为 5 0 76% ;男童血铅水平及铅中毒患病率都高于女童 ,但无明显统计学差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;年龄越大血铅水平相对越高 ,铅中毒患病率也越高 ,并存在明显差异 (P <0 0 1 )。提示顺德伦教学龄前儿童血铅水平及铅中毒患病率维持在较高水平 ,应及时采取有效措施 ,防治儿童铅中毒。     

广州市东山区0～6岁儿童血铅水平调查及对策探讨

为了解广州市东山区 0～ 6岁儿童血铅水平现状及其影响因素 ,探讨相应的预防策略 ,于2 0 0 2年 1～ 1 2月对东山区当年入托儿所、幼儿园 65 3名 0～ 6岁儿童进行了血铅等六种元素检测 ,并对被检测儿童家长发放调查问卷 ,进行了儿童个人情况及家庭生活环境等调查。结果表明 ,65 3名儿童血铅水平为 ( 89 2 3± 2 4 3 4) μg/L ,儿童铅中毒 (诊断标准≥ 1 0 0 μg/L)的比例是 46 7% ,儿童铅中毒以Ⅰ～Ⅱ级为主 ,我区儿童铅中毒流行率 46 7% ,低于我国城市儿童铅中毒的流行率5 1 7% ;高铅组儿童出现钙、锌、铁缺乏发生率较低铅组高 ,并有显著性差异。儿童铅暴露的主要危险因素依次为儿童在马路上逗留时间长 ,居住环境及经济状况条件差 ,不良的生活和饮食习惯 (与摄取铅有关 ) ,家长对铅中毒的认识不足。提示我区儿童血铅水平、铅中毒比例仍较高 ,应引起有关部门的注意     

佛山市儿童铅中毒现状的调查

[目的 ]旨在了解佛山市儿童铅中毒的现状。 [方法 ]采用阳极溶出伏安法 ,测定佛山市41 6名 1～ 1 4岁儿童的血铅值。 [结果 ]儿童铅中毒率为 3 3 41 % ,不同性别儿童铅中毒率有明显差异 (P <0 0 1 ) ,不同年龄组血铅中毒率无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。 [结论 ]儿童铅中毒在不同地区存在一定差异。儿童铅中毒已不只是医学问题 ,应引起全社会的广泛关注。     

惠东县乡镇学龄前儿童血铅水平分析

为了解惠东县乡镇3～6岁儿童血铅水平。采取随机与特定结合的方法,于2 0 0 4年1 0月～1 1月对惠东县5个乡镇的790名3～6岁儿童进行了血铅水平测定。检测采用全国统一的BH -2 1 0 0钨舟原子吸收仪及随机专用试剂进行。所有操作均严格按照要求进行。结果表明,惠东县乡镇3～6岁儿童血铅水平为(70 70±2 4 89) μg/L达到我国近年来5 2个调查结果所示的普通市区儿童血铅水平70～90 μg/L的下限。其中高于国际儿童铅中毒标准占9 6%。儿童的血铅水平存在明显的区域差异,制鞋工业乡镇较高。同时儿童血铅水平存在着性别差异。男童较女童偏高。提示不能忽视乡镇儿童铅污染情况,尤其是制鞋工业乡镇的儿童高血铅水平应引起有关部门重视。     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与血铅水平关系的探讨

对 8 0例ADHD患儿进行了血铅水平测定和行为评定 (Conners多动症评分量表 ) ,并设60例对照组。结果表明ADHD组血铅水平为 1 5 7 94± 4 1 1 3μg/L ,对照组为 94 73± 2 9 93μg/L ,其中儿童铅中毒发生率 ,ADHD组为 88 75 % ( 71 /80 ) ,对照组为 4 0 0 0 % ( 2 4 /60 ) ,经统计学处理 ,两组资料均具显著性差异 ;ADHD组经降铅治疗后血铅水平明显下降 ,同时反映ADHD临床症状的Conners评分亦明显下降。提示轻度铅中毒可能是ADHD的病因之一。建议在诊治ADHD时 ,采用相应的检测和治疗手段 ,将有助于ADHD的治疗     

镇海城关儿童血铅水平及相关因素调查分析

为了解镇海城关 1～ 6岁儿童血铅水平现状及相关因素 ,进一步进行儿童铅中毒的防治提供依据 ,对城关 1～ 6岁、在区妇幼保健院体检 1 5 71名健康儿童进行了血铅测定并对其家庭生活环境及个人情况等相关因素进行了问卷调查。结果表明 ,本次调查 1 5 71名儿童中 ,血铅平均数为2 5 8μg/gHb ,其中高于 3μg/gHb儿童 5 31人 ,占 33 8% ,而且年龄越小 ,血铅超标率越高 ,P<0 0 1。儿童血铅并与居住地与汽车马路的间距、生活环境中油漆接触均有密切关系 ,P <0 0 1。血铅增高 ,儿童多动症、贫血发生率明显上升 ,P <0 0 1。可见镇海城关地区儿童血铅水平及儿童流行率已较高 ,应引起高度重视     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Synthesis of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Glycofuranosides and Their Biochemical and Biological Activities in Cell-Free and Cellular Assays

Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HOT) and their glycosides are promising candidates for applications in functional food products or in complementary therapy. A series of phenylethanoid glycofuranosides (PEGFs) were synthesized to compare some of their biochemical and biological activities with T and HOT. The optimization of glycosylation promoted by environmentally benign basic zinc carbonate was performed to prepare HOT α-L-arabino-, β-D-apio-, and β-D-ribofuranosides. T and HOT β-D-fructofuranosides, prepared by enzymatic transfructosylation of T and HOT, were also included in the comparative study. The antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective potential of T, HOT, and PEGFs on plasmid DNA were determined using cell-free assays. The DNA-damaging potential of the studied compounds for human hepatoma HepG2 cells and their DNA-protective potential on HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide were evaluated using the comet assay. Experiments revealed a spectrum of different activities of the studied compounds. HOT and HOT β-D-fructofuranoside appear to be the best-performing scavengers and protectants of plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells. T and T β-D-fructofuranoside display almost zero or low scavenging/antioxidant activity and protective effects on plasmid DNA or HepG2 cells. The results imply that especially HOT β-D-fructofuranoside and β-D-apiofuranoside could be considered as prospective molecules for the subsequent design of supplements with potential in food and health protection.