甲烷化反应过程中硫化的钼催化剂的拉曼光谱研究

本文研究了以γ-Al_2O_3、ZrO_2、CeO_2及La_2O_3为载体的硫化态钼催化剂在甲烷化反应过程中的激光拉曼光谱,发现在反应初期,催化剂表面氧硫钼结构变化较大,其活性下降也较快.在反应温度下,催化剂表面上的-S-键松动,部分硫原子升华,并发生一系列氧硫交换,形成体相MoS_2.甲烷化催化剂活性达到稳定后,则催化剂表面上的主要变化是MoS_2.晶粒不断长大.由于载体效应的影响.各个催化剂上表面结构的不同,与其达到活性稳定的时间有着直接的联系.另外,在反应过程中,催化剂表面上均无积碳形成.提出了硫化态钼催化剂在甲烷化反应过程中的表面结构变化模型.     

水煤气变换催化剂研究新进展

水煤气变换催化剂的工业化应用已有80多年的历史，在合成氨、合成甲醇、制氢和城市煤气工业中得到了广泛的应用，通常使用的催化剂有铁铬系高温变换催化剂、铜锌系低温变换催化剂和钴钼系宽温耐硫变换催化剂，80年代以前，随着多种原料路线(煤、石脑油、渣油和天然气等)制备工艺     

硫化的MoO_3/γ-Al_2O_3上甲烷化反应活性规律的研究

CO甲烷化是降低城市煤气中CO含量和增加热值的较好方法之一。镍、钌等过渡金属催化剂的硫中毒问题很难解决,因而近些年来对能抗硫中毒的钼基催化剂有了些研究,尽管这类催化剂在常压下的活性并不高。本文测定了不同硫化条件下MoO_3/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的活性及硫钼原子比,並对催化剂甲烷化活性规律作了研究。     

丙烯在Fe-Sb-W-O/SiO2催化剂上氧化机理的研究Ⅱ.吸附丙烯的程序升温脱附

用程序升温脱附技术研究了丙烯与铁锑氧化物催化剂之间的反应,结果表明该催化剂有两种不同结合强度的活性晶格氧和两种吸附丙烯中心,催化剂活性主要取决于表面晶格氧的活动性。比较了铁锑和钼系(C-41)两种氧化物催化剂上吸附丙烯后的程脱结果,并提出了丙烯在铁锑氧化物催化剂上的氧化机理。     

KSM—01硫化钼催化剂甲烷化活性的衰减及其组成结构的变化

自制硫代钼酸铵经热分解所得的硫化钼催化剂有较好的甲烷化活性,但衰减亦较快。本文对反应前后的催化剂及试剂MoS_2进行了IR、LRS、TEM、XPS、XFA、ESR等分析测试,证明了使用后的催化剂中,辉钼矿的晶粒长大,晶型变好,未发现碳的沉积。实验还发现了催化剂中高价钼及硫链的存在,而在反应后均减少或消失,硫钼比降低。本文对上述变化与催化剂活性衰减之间的关系作了分析,认为辉钼矿晶粒的长大以及样品中硫钼原子比的降低,是催化剂活性衰减的两个重要原因。并由此推测硫化钼催化剂上的甲烷化反应是通过双活性中心而进行的。     

二苯并噻吩在CoMoNx催化剂上的加氢脱硫

以ＭｏＯ３及沉淀法制得的ＣｏＭｏ氧化物为前驱体,在Ｎ２－Ｈ２混合气中用程序升温反应制得一系列氮化（钴）钼催化剂;用二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫为模型反应,考察了催化剂的催化性能。结果表明：⑴二苯并噻吩在氮化钼催化剂上的加氢脱硫有两条反应途径,即噻吩环直接氢解加氢脱硫;苯环先加氢,然后噻吩环氢解脱硫。⑵氮化钼有高的活性和选择Ｃ—Ｓ键断裂生成联苯的选择性,Ｃｏ的加入明显提高了氮化钼的催化活性。⑶不同预处理条件对     

丙烯在Fe-Sb-W-O/SiO2催化剂上氧化机理的研究Ⅰ.氧和丙烯的吸附

通过氧和丙烯在铁锑氧化物催化剂上吸附的研究,认为丙烯在铁锑氧化物催化剂上的氧化是在表面活性晶格氧参与下的还原-再氧化循环过程,弱结合的晶格氧的活性比强结合的高,优先参加反应。通过催化剂表面还原和再氧化速度的研究,并和钼系催化剂相比较,证明铁锑氧化物催化剂不仅易被还原,而且还原表面上的产物较难脱附,故认为在选择氧化反应中铁锑氧化物催化剂上的积炭可能是由表面还原引起的。     

CO氧化反应铜钒系复合氧化物催化剂活性及抗硫中毒性能考察

本文研究了SO_2对复合氧化物的硫中毒问题。通过催化剂设计、并经实验确证,在γ-氧化铝载体上的铜钒系复合氧化物催化剂具有显著的抗硫性能和良好的活性。为了进一步验证和阐明铜钒系复合氧化物催化剂的抗硫性能,制备了CuO、5CuO+V_2O_5、Cu_3V_2O_8、β-Cu_2V_2O_7、CuV_2O_6、V_2O_5等具有一定组成和晶型结构的模型催化剂,详细考察了它们的硫中毒及复活性能,发现Cu_3V_2O_8具有较好的活性和最佳的抗硫中毒性能。根据CuO、Cu_3V_2O_8的晶型结构特征,解释了它们在硫中毒过程及活性复活过程中的不同实验现象,并初步探讨了铜钒系复合氧化物催化剂的抗硫机制。     

超高比表面炭载钼煤气甲烷化催化剂

以沥青中间相为原料，氢氧化钾直接活化，获得了比表面达２３６３ｍ￣２／ｇ的超高比表面炭分子筛（ＣＭＳ）。分别以ＣＭＳ、ＳｉＯ＿２、活性炭和θ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３为担体，制备了负载钼催化剂，并研究其加压甲烷化反应性能，发现活性依下面顺序增加：θ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３＜ＳｉＯ＿２＜活性炭（ＡＣ）＜ＣＭＳ。还分别以钼酸铵和磷钼酸（ＨＰＭｏ）为前驱体，制备了ＣＭＳ负载钼催化剂，并考察了其煤气甲烷化活性，发现不同的催化剂前驱体对催化剂反应活性影响很大。根据产物中ＣＨ＿４／ＣＯ＿２的变化，推测ＣＯ在钼催化剂上的甲烷化反应包括如下两个步骤：（１）３Ｈ＿２＋ＣＯ→ＣＨ＿４＋Ｈ＿２Ｏ，（２）ＣＯ＋Ｈ＿２Ｏ→ＣＯ＿２＋Ｈ＿２。     

钾对高硫合成气制甲硫醇磷钼基催化剂的影响

采用等体积共浸渍法,制备了一批不同钾含量的KxMo P/Al2O3(x表示K与Mo摩尔比,0≤x≤3)催化剂,考察其对高硫合成气制甲硫醇性能的影响,并采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、程序升温还原法(TPR)和激光拉曼光谱(LRS)等技术手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,氧化铝负载的磷钼氧化物前驱体在850℃经H2气还原制备出了Mo P/Al2O3催化剂,少量添加钾催化剂有较高的甲烷选择性,大量添加钾助剂促进了催化剂表面活泼钼硫物种的生成,使得磷化钼基催化剂有较好的甲硫醇选择性,而过量添加钾又会阻碍了甲硫醇的生成。当n(K)/n(Mo)比在2~2.5之间时,磷化钼基催化剂对该反应有较好的催化活性。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.