纳米金催化剂的抗水性能和抗硫中毒性能

与Au/Al2O3相比,复合载体负载的Au/FeOx/Al2O3具有更高的催化CO氧化的低温活性和稳定性,且表现出湿度增强效果,水分压为550~1 600 Pa时催化剂活性较高.在完全无水的环境中,催化剂发生快速不可逆失活;在饱和水汽的环境中,催化剂发生缓慢可逆失活.在水汽作用下的失活与纳米金粒子的粒径长大有关.助剂对催化剂抗水性能影响不大,但对抗硫中毒性能的影响较大.Au/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂显示有最佳的抗硫中毒性能.催化剂表面硫化物和硫酸盐的生成是导致催化剂不可逆硫中毒失活的主要原因.     

LaFeO3修饰和O3处理对Au／Al2O3催化剂在CO氧化反应中热稳定性的影响

通过等体积浸渍法并分别经过H2和O3活化制备了系列1·1%Au/LaFeOx/Al2O3催化剂,考察了其在550℃经1·0%CO原料气处理后的CO氧化活性.Fe和La的引入虽然使1·1%Au/Al2O3的初始活性降低,但提高了其高温稳定性.在550℃经1·0%CO原料气预处理2h后,H2活化的1·1%Au/Al2O3在室温完全失活,而同样条件处理的1·1%Au/2%LaFeO3/Al2O3仍能将65%CO转化;这可能是由于LaFeO3以钙钛矿形式单层分散在Al2O3表面而导致的.O3活化能进一步提高催化剂的稳定性,在550℃经原料气预处理后,O3活化的1·1%Au/2%LaFeO3/Al2O3的活性高于1·1%Au/Al2O3和H2活化的1·1%Au/2%LaFeO3/Al2O3.1·0%CO原料气预处理10h后,H2活化的1·1%Au/2%LaFeO3/Al2O3完全失活,而O3活化的催化剂仍具有40%的转化率,这可能是由于O活化使得催化剂中存在部分氧化的金,增强了金属与载体间的相互作用.     

一步合成二甲醚催化剂烧结失活和原位再生的研究

采用共沉淀沉积法制备了CuOZnOAl2O3/γ Al2O3 HZSM 5复合催化剂,考察了其对CO加氢直接合成二甲醚的催化性能,研究了催化剂的失活和再生,并用H2-TPR、XRD、TPO、N2O化学吸附等表征方法对反应前后和再生后催化剂的物化性质进行了表征。结果表明,一步合成二甲醚催化剂的失活主要是由于活性位Cu晶粒的烧结长大;反应温度和原料气的组成是影响催化剂失活的因素,在低于220℃下,以N2/H2/CO/CO2为原料气会显著降低催化剂的失活速率。研究使用的氧化还原循环的再生方法能够使Cu晶粒发生再分散,并使失活的催化剂恢复了75%以上的活性。     

金溶液pH值及浸泡处理对Au/Al2O3催化剂上CO氧化反应活性的影响

 采用阴离子浸渍法制备了Au/Al2O3催化剂,考察了溶液pH值及浸泡处理对催化剂上CO氧化反应的影响. 结果表明,催化剂的活性随着浸渍液氯金酸溶液pH值的升高而升高. 对于经300 ℃下H2还原处理的Au/Al2O3催化剂,无论用水浸泡还是用氨水浸泡,室温下CO转化率均可达到100%, 且催化剂具有良好的稳定性. 用氨水浸泡的催化剂经氧化处理后依然保持高活性,但用水浸泡的催化剂活性大幅度下降. XPS结果表明,用氨水浸泡的Au/Al2O3催化剂表面含有Al, O, C, N, Na和Au原子,但没有Cl原子存在. 这说明用氨水浸泡催化剂可有效除去Cl-离子而提高其催化活性.     

不同载体稳定的纳米金催化剂室温催化氧化甲醛研究

甲醛是一种常见的室内空气污染物,人们针对其消除已经做了大量的研究工作.催化氧化法是脱除挥发性有机物的一种重要方法,能在较低温度下通过催化剂作用将甲醛完全氧化为无毒的CO2和H2O.所用催化剂主要为负载型贵金属催
　　化剂和非贵金属催化剂,但只有担载贵金属Pt或Pd的催化剂可在室温下将甲醛完全氧化,而非贵金属一般则需要较高的温度. Au催化剂是近年来催化领域的一个研究热点,但是关于纳米Au催化剂室温消除甲醛的研究较少.本课题组前期研究发现,以可还原性氧化物(CeO2, FeOx)为载体负载的Au催化剂具有优异的室温氧化甲醛活性;并且突破以可还原性载体负载金的传统思路,首次发现“惰性载体”γ-Al2O3,负载的金催化剂在室温、有水条件下具有优异的甲醛氧化活性.本文对比了还原性氧化物(CeO2, FeOx)和非还原性氧化物(Al2O3, SiO2和HSZM-5)载体负载金催化剂,研究了载体氧化还原性质对负载金催化剂在高空速(600000 ml/(g·s))条件下室温催化氧化甲醛的活性和稳定性影响.结果表明,在室温、高空速且相对湿度为50%的条件下, Au/Al2O3催化剂的初活性最高,且较为稳定. Au/SiO2和Au/HZSM-5催化剂的初活性虽然较高,但很快失活.而还原性氧化物载体(CeO2, FeOx)负载的金催化剂初活性较低,但是稳定性较好.通过电镜对负载金催化剂表面Au粒子大小的表征,并将粒子尺寸与负载金催化剂室温氧化甲醛初活性相关联,它与催化氧化甲醛反应速率成线性关系. Au粒子尺寸较小的催化剂(Au/Al2O3和Au/SiO2),在高空速条件下具有更高的氧化甲醛活性,而Au粒子尺寸较大的Au/FeOx催化剂活性较差.载体的氧化还原性质虽然不直接影响Au催化剂初活性,但直接影响催化剂稳定性.由于Au与SiO2或HZSM-5载体的相互作用较弱,导致反应过程中Au粒子聚集长大,使其失活较快;而Au/Al2O3催化剂表面则富含羟基物种,能够与Au形成配体或产生锚定作用,因此反应过程中金粒子没有明显长大.而表面中间物种的沉积并覆盖活性位是负载金催化剂缓慢失活的主要原因.     

CO氧化反应中H2O对MOx和Au/MOx催化性能的影响

过渡金属氧化物［1,2］及负载型贵金属催化剂［3～13］是催化氧化消除CO的有效催化剂,一直是研究的热点. 虽然对MOx和Au/MOx上CO的氧化性能研究得较多,但大多是在无水条件下进行的;涉及催化剂抗水性能的报道较少［3,9,10］,且仅限于对催化剂活性的研究. Haruta等［3］对Au/Fe2O3,Au/Co3O4和Au/TiO 2等体系开展了一些工作, 认为水对CO氧化活性有促进作用. 本文重点考察了水对MOx(M=Al,Ca,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,La,Mn,Ni和Zn)催化剂上CO氧化活性的影响,以及水对Au/MOx 催化剂活性及稳定性的影响.     

用辛烷基硫醇单层保护Au纳米粒子制备CO氧化催化剂Au/γ-Al2O3

采用两相法合成出含活性组分Au的辛烷基硫醇单层保护Au纳米粒子(C8AuNPs)的正己烷溶胶, 用“逐次浸润”法将C8AuNPs负载在γ-Al2O3上, 经真空干燥及活化处理制得Au/γ-Al2O3催化剂. 所制得的Au催化剂前体C8AuNPs/γ-Al2O3表面Au粒子平均粒径可控制在2-3 nm范围内, 且分布比较单一; 催化剂活性评价600 h后, 其表面Au的粒径仍主要分布在2-4 nm范围内; 真空干燥温度影响Au催化剂的粒子尺寸和催化活性, 随着真空干燥温度的提高, Au纳米粒子的粒径增大. 将所制备的催化剂用于低温CO氧化反应, 催化活性评价结果表明, 经25 ℃真空干燥制得的2.5%(质量分数, w)Au/γ-Al2O3具有较高的活性和长期稳定性, 其催化CO完全转化的最低温度为-19 ℃, 在15 ℃下CO完全转化时Au/γ-Al2O3的单程寿命至少900 h; 4.0%(w) Au/γ-Al2O3在15 ℃和进料中含水条件下对CO完全氧化的单程寿命不低于2000 h, 可见催化剂具有强的抗潮湿中毒特性. 综合上述实验结果, 讨论了影响Au/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性的可能因素.     

常温常湿条件下Au/MeO~x催化剂上CO氧化性能

利用共沉淀法制备了Au/MeO~x催化剂(Me=Al,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Zn)。在常温常湿条件下,考察了不同氧化物负载的金基催化剂的CO氧化性能。结果表明,氧化物种类对催化剂的活性和稳定性均有较大的影响。Cu,Mn,Cr等氧化物负载的金基催化剂的活性较差,而Zn,Fe,Co,Ni,Al等金属氧化物负载的金基催化剂可将CO完全氧化,又具有一定的稳定性,在相同反应条件下,CO完全转化时的稳定性顺序为Au/ZnO>Au/α-Fe~2O~3>Au/Co~3O~4>Au/γ-Al~2O~3≈Au/NiO。还发现水对Au/MnO~x催化剂的活性和稳定性有负作用,而对180℃焙烧制备的Au/ZnO-180催化剂的活性和稳定性均有明显的湿度增强作用。     

硫化CoMo催化剂上H2同时还原NO和SO2的研究I．H2还原NO反应

研究了Al2O3担载的硫化CoMo催化剂上NO被H2还原的规律，并考察了不同Mo含量的CoMo/Al2O3催化剂、单一的Mo／Al2O3和Co/Al2O3催化剂，以及原料气中H2／NO比对反应活性和选择性的影响。结果表明，硫化的5．1％C-15．2％Mo/Al2O3催化剂具有最高的催化活性和选择性，在200℃以下时反应产物为N2O，在350℃以上时则完全转化为N2．进一步增加Mo含量引起在350－450℃间N2选择性轻微下降，提高原料气中的H2含量可明显提高反应活性和N2选择性，但当n（H2）／n（NO）＞3后反应性能不再变化。催化剂具有较高的稳定性，反应产物中始终未观察到有H2S或SO2产生，即反应未引起催化剂中的晶格S流失。这说明H2的存在抑制了NO对硫化物表面的氧化所导致的催化剂失活。     

微乳法制备Au/Al2 O3 催化剂及其催化氧化CO性能的研究

用Tx-100／正己醇／环己烷／水的W／O微乳体系,合成了一系列Au／Al2O3催化剂。考察了焙烧温度、沉淀剂种类、搅拌方式等对Au／Al2O3,催化氧化CO活性的影响。结果表明：以氨水为沉淀剂,机械搅拌,600℃焙烧制得的Au／Al2O3,显示出较好的CO氧化性能。当反应温度为100℃时,CO转化率达85．0％,240℃时转化率达96．0％。XRD,DTA,TPR和TEM等表征表明：低温焙烧的催化剂,大部分载体Al2O3为无定型,对催化活性不利;焙烧温度过高,可能造成金微粒的团聚烧结,使其活性下降;由较强烈的搅拌方式制得的Au／Al2O3经适宜温度焙烧,可获得金粒尺寸较小、CO催化氧化活性较高的Au／γ-Al2O3催化剂。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.