Au/MOx/Al2O3催化剂催化CO低温氧化

 采用沉积沉淀法，将金负载在复合氧化物载体MOx/Al2O3上，制备得到了Au/MOx/Al2O3催化剂的活性要高于Au/Al2O3催化剂。Au/FeOx/Al2O3催化剂能够在低于223K的温度下实现CO完全催化氧化。TEM图象分析表明，纳米级高分散的金颗粒是金催化剂高活性的前提，但载体的选择，以及复合氧化物载体中过渡金属氧化物的选择，也会对金催化剂的活性产生明显的影响。     

富氢气体中CO优选氧化反应: Au与载体相互作用的影响

以Fe2O3,Co3O4,ZrO2和ZrO2-CeO2为载体,研究了负载型Au催化剂在CO优选氧化反应中的性能,并用高分辨透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱等技术对催化剂进行了表征,考察了Au与载体之间的相互作用对Au电子性质的影响.结果表明,在60℃以下,Au/Fe2O3上CO能被完全氧化,且CO氧化反应选择性约为50%,而在Au/Co3O4,Au/ZrO2和Au/ZrO2-CeO2催化剂上,CO在更低的温度下才能被完全氧化.这是由于具有拉电子效应的载体(如Fe2O3和Co3O4)能使Au带有部分正电荷,从而对CO优选氧化反应具有较高的催化活性.因此,选择合适的载体或对载体进行掺杂改性,调节Au的正电荷数目,有可能进一步提高Au催化剂的催化活性.     

负载型Au(Pt)/Co3O4催化剂上H2与CO的共氧化行为

用共沉淀法制备了Au/Co3O4,Pt/Co3O4及Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂,并考察了其对H2与CO在O2过量情况下完全共氧化的催化作用. 结果表明,在三种催化剂上H2与CO之间都存在复杂且各不相同的相互作用. 与Pt/Co3O4催化剂上不同,在Au/Co3O4和Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂上H2严重抑制CO的氧化. 同时,Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂上H2与CO能够在较低的温度(76 ℃)下有效地实现完全共氧化. TPR结果表明,与Pt/Co3O4催化剂相比,Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂上Au的存在使Pt的还原峰消失.     

Au/Fe2O3催化剂的制备及其对富氢气体中一氧化碳选择性氧化的催化性能

 采用共沉淀法制备了1.5%Au/Fe2O3催化剂,考察了加料方式对Au/Fe2O3催化剂化学组成及其催化富氢气体中CO选择性氧化性能的影响. 结果表明,正加法制备的Au/Fe2O3催化剂的性能明显好于反加法制备的催化剂,80 ℃时前者对富氢气体中CO选择性氧化反应的转化率为94%,CO2选择性为65%,连续反应10 h,催化剂活性没有变化. XRD,XPS和TEM等的测试结果表明,正加法制备的Au/Fe2O3催化剂中金粒子的平均粒径为2～4 nm,金粒子高度分散在载体上,并与载体之间发生了较强的相互作用,从而表现出较高的催化性能.     

负载金催化剂上CO氧化反应活性与金属氧化物载体中金属-氧结合能之间的关系

讨论了金属氧化物载体(MOx)对其负载纳米金催化剂(Au/MOx)上CO氧化反应的影响。采用典型的共沉淀法和沉积-沉淀法在完全相同的焙烧条件下制备了一系列MOx负载金催化剂,以CO氧化转化50%时的反应温度(T1/2)定量评价了MOx载体和Au/MOx催化剂的催化活性。进一步将MOx载体与相应Au/MOx催化剂的T1/2值之差对MOx载体的金属-氧结合能做曲线进行关联,发现二者呈明显的火山型关系。这一结果表明,采用具有适当金属-氧结合能(300–500 atom O)的MOx可大大提高沉积于其上的Au纳米颗粒的催化活性。     

负载型Au（Pt）／Co3O4催化上H2与CO的共氧化行为

用共沉淀法制备了Au/Co3O4,Pt/Co3O4及Au- Pt/Co3O4催化剂,并考察了其对H2与CO在O2过量情况下完全共氧化的催化作用。结果表明,在三种催化剂上H2与CO之间都存在复杂且各不相同的相互作用。与Pt/Co3O4催化剂上不同,在Au/Co2O4和Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂上H2严重抑制CO的氧化。同时,Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂上H2与CO能够在较低的温度（76℃）下有效地实现完全共氧化。TPR结果表明,与Pt/Co3O4催化剂相比,Au-PtCo3O4催化剂上Au的存在使Pt的还原峰消失。     

微乳法制备Au/Fe2O3水煤气变换反应催化剂Ⅱ.催化剂的表征

 采用XRD,BET,H2-TPR,TEM和XPS等方法对微乳法制备的Au/Fe2O3催化剂进行了表征,研究了不同制备方法对催化剂结构及性能的影响. 结果表明,在辛烷基酚基聚氧乙烯醚(10)(Triton X-100)体系中,Au/Fe2O3催化剂在低温区的活性物种为单质金和氧化态金,在高温区的活性物种中可能含有Au-FeOx固溶体. 金粒径小于10 nm,且高度分散于载体表面. 氧化态金的含量及金的粒径和分散度是影响Au/Fe2O3催化水煤气变换反应活性的主要因素. Au/Fe2O3催化剂中Au-FeOx固溶体的缺陷数目越多,则其高温催化活性越高.     

CuO/CeO2-MOx(M=C0,Mn,Al和La)催化剂富氢条件下CO氧化性能的研究

研究了MOx(M=Co,Mn,Al和La)对CuO/CeO2催化剂富氢条件下CO选择性氧化性能的影响,并运用XRD,XPS,BET,TPR和TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,MnOx和Co3O4的引入能提高CuO/CeO2催化剂富氢条件下CO选择性氧化的活性,其中以MnOx的改性效果最好,80 ℃时CO转化率达58%,140℃为100%.与其他CuO/CeO2-MOx催化剂相比,CuO/CeO2-MnOx催化剂中活性组分与载体的相互作用较强,铜原子外电子云密度升高,表面Cu和晶格氧含量较多,CO的吸附量较大.     

常温常湿条件下Au/MeO~x催化剂上CO氧化性能

利用共沉淀法制备了Au/MeO~x催化剂(Me=Al,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Zn)。在常温常湿条件下,考察了不同氧化物负载的金基催化剂的CO氧化性能。结果表明,氧化物种类对催化剂的活性和稳定性均有较大的影响。Cu,Mn,Cr等氧化物负载的金基催化剂的活性较差,而Zn,Fe,Co,Ni,Al等金属氧化物负载的金基催化剂可将CO完全氧化,又具有一定的稳定性,在相同反应条件下,CO完全转化时的稳定性顺序为Au/ZnO>Au/α-Fe~2O~3>Au/Co~3O~4>Au/γ-Al~2O~3≈Au/NiO。还发现水对Au/MnO~x催化剂的活性和稳定性有负作用,而对180℃焙烧制备的Au/ZnO-180催化剂的活性和稳定性均有明显的湿度增强作用。     

介孔CeO2负载的Co3O4催化剂催化富氢气体中的CO优先氧化反应

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出介孔氧化铈(meso-CeO2)及其负载的氧化钴(Co3O4/meso-CeO2)催化剂,并将其应用于富氢气体中CO的优先氧化反应.通过N2物理吸附及X射线衍射表征考察了meso-CeO2和Co3O4/meso-CeO2的结构性质.活性评价结果表明,在高空速下,Co3O4/meso-CeO2催化剂上的CO优先氧化性能很好,但水和CO2对CO的氧化有一定的负作用.Co3O4/meso-CeO2催化剂的CO完全氧化温度窗口远大于沉淀法制备CeO2负载的氧化钴催化剂.     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气Ⅱ．镍系催化剂的反应性能

主要用第四周期金属元素的氧化物与Ａｌ２Ｏ３的复合氧化物催化剂上甲烷氧化的结果证实了催化剂设计中的预测：（１）催化剂首先应能解离活化甲烷，（２）催化剂要能较快地活化Ｏ２分子．只有同时满足这两个条件，催化剂才可能有较好的甲烷部分氧化活性．第四周期元素中只有镍具有这样的性质．Ｃｕ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｒ，Ｌａ，Ｃａ，Ｚｎ等氧化物的添加可明显提高Ｎｉ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的甲烷部分氧化性能，其中Ｃｕ的助催化性能最好．催化剂ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＮｉＯ－ＭｎＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＮｉＯ－Ｃｒ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的反应活性和选择性顺序，与金属Ｃｕ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｒ上ＣＯ和Ｈ２脱附的顺序是一致的     

过渡金属氧化物催化剂上NH3 分解Claus反应机理研究

运用浸渍法制备了七种过渡金属氧化物催化剂.对于NH3 分解反应均可获得很高的NH3转化率;对于NH3分解Claus反应则可以获得较高的SO2转化率和单质硫选择性.通过比较发现Co3O4-TiO2和Fe2O3-TiO2催化剂的低温活性比较高.经过XRD表征发现,在NH3分解Claus反应中,催化剂的活性相可能是过渡金属硫化物.结合活性评价和XRD表征结果提出了NH3分解Claus反应的机理.     

Grundlagen zur halbquantitativen Bestimmung von zwanzig Elementen in der Lasermikrospektralanalyse

Zusammenfassung Für die folgenden 20 Elemente wurden die Grundlagen für eine halbquantitative Konzentrationsbestimmung mit Hilfe des Laser-Mikrospektralanalysators ermittelt, und zwar differenziert für Untersuchungen an oxidischen und an metallischen Materialien: Mg, Al, Si, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, Fe bzw. Au.

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Principles of semi-quantitative determination of 20 elements by laser-microspectroscopy

The principles for the determination of the following 20 elements by Laser-microspectroscopy have been investigated separately for oxidic and metallic materials: Mg, Al, Si, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, Fe resp. Au.

     

Trace characterisation of lithium niobate by neutron activation analysis

Summary Coprecipitation behaviour of As, Au, Co, Cr, Cu, Eu, Fe, Ir, La, Lu, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pd, Pt, Sb, Sc, Ta, W, Zn and Zr during precipitation of hydrous oxide of niobium from lithium niobate was investigated. The matrix was dissolved in HF-HNO₃, evaporated to dryness and niobium was precipitated from HNO₃-H₂O₂ medium. The recovery studies were made using radiotracers. A radiochemical separation scheme based on group precipitation has been developed for the determination of Au, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Zn, Zr and rare earth elements. The method was applied to the analysis of lithium niobate. This analysis has provided fruitful information for improving the quality of the crystal.     

苯乙炔直接成膜聚合

本文首次应用六种过渡金属(V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni)环烷酸盐-三异丁基铝配合催化体系, 在室温下, 于加氢汽油-甲苯混合溶剂中, 使苯乙炔直接聚合成膜。研究了成膜聚合反应特征, 动力学行为及溶剂的影响。比较了不同催化体系的活性(Fe>Cr>Co>Mn>V>Ni)。表征了所制备的聚苯乙炔膜。聚苯乙炔膜可为黄、橙、红或褐色, 具有高顺式、高分子量、高稳定性及较好结晶性和半导体特性(电阻率为10^9Ω·cm)。     

Complexation and Thermal Studies of Uric Acid with Some Divalent and Trivalent Metal Ions of Biological Interest in the Solid State

Nine new [metal uric acid] complexes [M(Ua) n ]°·XH 2 O have been synthesized. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic susceptibility ( w eff. ), FTIR spectra, thermal analysis (TG & DTA), and electronic spectra (UV/visible). Uric acid (HUa) coordinates as a bidentate ligand to Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Al(III), Cr(III) and Fe(III) through the protonated N-7 within the imidazole ring and O-6 within the pyrimidine ring. Uric acid forms neutral metal urate complexes with all the above metal ions. The quantitative compositions were determined as [M(Ua) 2 ·(H 2 O) 2 ]°·XH 2 O where M(II)=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and X=2, 4, 2, 4, 2, 2, respectively. The M(II) complexes exhibit an isostructural octahedral coordination with N-7, O-6 of two uric acid ligand molecules, and O of two water molecules. Compositions were also determined as [M(Ua) 3 ]°·YH 2 O where M(III)=Al, Cr, Fe and Y=6, 3, 3 respectively. All the M(III) complexes form an isostructural octahedral coordination with N-7 and O-6 of three uric acid ligand molecules. Iron(III) complexes prepared with N 1 , N 3 and N 9 -methyl uric acid yielded brown complexes with a metal ligand ratio of 1 3, while N 7 -methyl uric acid did not yield a complex due to blockage of N-7 with a methyl group.     

New complexes of some d-electron elements with 3-methyladipic acid

Conditions for the preparation of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) 3-methyladipates were investigated and their qualitative composition and magnetic moments were determined. The IR spectra and powder diffraction patterns of the complexes prepared of the general formula M(C₇H₁₀O₄)·nH₂O (n=0-11) were recorded and their thermal decomposition in air were studied. During heating the hydrated complexes are dehydrated in one (Co, Ni) or two steps (Mn, Zn) losing all crystallization water molecules (Co, Ni) or some water molecules (Mn, Zn) and then anhydrous (Co, Ni, Cu) or hydrated complexes (Mn, Zn) decompose directly to oxides (Mn, Co, Zn) or with intermediate formation the mixture of M+MO (Ni, Cu). The carboxylate groups are bidentate (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu) or monodentate (Zn). The complexes exist as polymers. The magnetic moments for the paramagnetic complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) attain values 5.48, 4.49, 2.84 and 1.45 B.M., respectively. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Formation of CO(x)-free H2 and cup-stacked carbon nanotubes over nano-Ni dispersed single wall carbon nanohorns

Transitional metals (M) were dispersed on single-wall carbon nanohorns (M/SWCNHs, M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) by simple thermal treatment of the deposited metal nitrate without H(2) reduction. Nanometallic Ni particles on SWCNH were evidenced by high-resolution transmission electron microscopic observation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nano-Ni dispersed on SWCNH showed the highest CH(4) decomposition activity; the activity of used transitional metals decreases in the order Ni ? Co > Fe ? Cu. On the other hand, the reaction rate over Ni/SWCNH was much larger than that over Ni/Al(2)O(3), and the former provided CO(x)-free H(2) and cup-stacked carbon nanotubes, while Ni/Al(2)O(3) produced CO(x) in addition to H(2). SWCNH was superior to Al(2)O(3) as the catalyst support of Ni for the CH(4) decomposition reaction.     

Preparation, characterization and metal sorption studies of a Chrome-Azurol-S-loaded anion-exchange resin

Chrome Azurol S (CS) was mobilized on an strongly basic anion-exchange resin (Dowex 2 x 4, in Cl(-) form) by batch equilibration. The modified resin was stable in acetate buffer solution and in 0.1 M HCl and H(2)SO(4), but it was readily degraded with 2-6 M HCl and HNO(3). Retention of Ba(II), Sr(II), Ca(II), Mg(II), Al(III), Cr(III), Zn(II), Fe(III), Ti(IV), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) was studied using the batch equilibration method. The uptake and recovery yields were determined by using inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (for Mg, Al, Cr, Ti, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (for Ba, Sr, Ca and Co). The optimum pH value was established for performing a selective separation of Al(III) from the other metal ions. The sorption capacities of the CS-loaded resing for Al(III), Cr(III), Mg(II) (at pH 6), Fe(III) (at pH 5) and Ti(IV) (at pH 4) were 14, 2.9, 0.3, 3 and 3.9 mumoles g(-1) respectively. On this basis a method for separating Al(III) from other cations was established.