基于纳米Zr3Y2O9交叉敏感的苯和三甲胺传感器

基于纳米Zr3Y2O9对苯和三甲胺的催化发光有交叉敏感现象,建立了同时测定空气中苯和三甲胺的新方法。在两个波长处分别确定苯和三甲胺的响应关系,再通过两个波长处的叠加发光信号准确获取苯和三甲胺的浓度。最佳实验条件为:两个分析波长分别为440和540 nm,敏感材料表面温度313℃,载气流速140 mL/min。方法的检出限(3σ)分别为苯(440 nm)0.30 mg/m3和三甲胺(540 nm)0.70 mg/m3,线性范围分别为苯(440 nm)0.8~105.0 mg/m3、苯(540 nm)3.0~130.0 mg/m3、三甲胺(440 nm)2.5~232.0 mg/m3和三甲胺(540 nm)1.2~156.0 mg/m3,回收率为苯96.8%~102.3%和三甲胺97.6%~103.4%。常见共存物(甲醛、乙醇、丙酮、氨、二氧化硫和二氧化碳等)不干扰测定。连续200 h通浓度均为50 mg/m3的苯和三甲胺混合气体,发光强度的相对标准偏差低于2.0%,表明此纳米级钇锆复合氧化物对苯和三甲胺的敏感性是长寿命的。本方法充分利用了交叉敏感现象,可以实现空气中苯和三甲胺的在线分析。     

基于CeO2-Co3O4纳米纤维的催化发光式甲醛传感器研究

采用双喷嘴静电纺丝法制备了CeO2-Co3 O4纳米纤维,将制备的CeO2-Co3 O4纳米纤维均匀涂覆于 ω型加热线圈表面形成催化发光薄膜,设计了一种新型催化发光甲醛传感器.采用X射线衍射仪、 扫描电子显微镜、 全自动程序化学吸附仪和X-射线光电子能谱仪,表征了Co3 O4-CeO2纳米纤维的相组成和微观形貌,讨论了甲醛在CeO2-Co3 O4催化剂表面的电化学特性和催化发光机理.在优化条件下,即波长500 nm、 温度550℃ 、 载气流速0.2 L/min,甲醛传感器件(Ce30)催化发光强度与甲醛浓度在1.2~50μg/m3范围内有良好的线性关系,灵敏度为40.04 a.u./(μg/m3),检出限为1.2μg/m3,动态响应和恢复时间分别为2.4和3.5 s.此传感器可用于汽车尾气中甲醛浓度检测,相对误差范围为0.4%~1.1%,相对标准偏差RSD<3%(n=6).     

基于纳米复合氧化物催化发光的乙醇传感器

基于纳米材料上乙醇的催化发光现象,建立了直接测定空气中乙醇浓度的方法.实验发现,乙醇在纳米级钛锆镧(原子比为5∶2∶1)复合氧化物表面有较高的发光强度和较好的选择性,以此为敏感材料可以建立一种高效稳定的乙醇气体传感器,其最佳操作条件为:分析波长620nm,测定温度310℃,载气流速130mL/min.方法的检测限为(3σ)1.3mg/m3,线性范围为2～230mg/m3,相关系数为0.9990,回收率为97.4%～102.7%.对常见共存物的研究发现,甲醛、丙酮、苯、氨、二氧化硫和二氧化碳都不干扰测定,该传感器的连续工作时间可达120h以上.     

纳米In_2O_3催化发光传感器快速检测三氯乙烯

本文以纳米In_2O_3为传感元件,设计构建了快速检测三氯乙烯的催化发光传感器。该传感器对三氯乙烯具有灵敏度高、特异性好及响应快速等优点。在检测波长为440nm,工作温度为250℃条件下,催化发光信号强度与三氯乙烯浓度呈良好的线性关系,其线性范围为20~1 200mg/m~3(r=0.9984),检出限(S/N=3)为8.0mg/m~3。苯、甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、氨水、甲醇、乙醇、甲醛、乙醛、四氯化碳、甲酸、乙酸、乙酸乙酯、正己烷及环己烷经过此传感器时,只有乙醇产生弱的发光信号,其它物质不产生响应信号。在72h内24次测定100mg/m~3的三氯乙烯,所得相对标准偏差小于5.0%,表明传感器稳定性好,使用寿命长。将此传感器用于三氯乙烯的分析,加标回收率为93.2%~103%。     

纳米颗粒的超临界干燥法制备及用于醋酸乙烯蒸气的催化发光检测

利用乙醇超临界流体干燥技术 (SCFD)(280 ℃× 7.0 MPa×30 min)制备了纳米MgO及Y2O3颗粒,发现其对一些有害气体的催化发光强度远高于普通干燥技术制备的纳米MgO及Y2O3.设计了一种以SCFD技术合成的纳米MgO为敏感材料,催化发光检测醋酸乙烯蒸气的传感器.此传感器具有很高的灵敏度及优异的选择性,在温度279 ℃、波长425 nm、空气流速为160 mL/min的最佳条件下,催化发光强度与醋酸乙烯蒸气浓度在1.8～1800 mg/m3内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.7 mg/m3.当浓度相同的丙酮、乙醛、乙酸乙酯、乙酸、甲醛、氨水、乙醇、苯和甲醇蒸气通过此传感器时,除乙醇引起3.56%的干扰外,其它气体基本不干扰醋酸乙烯的测定.应用本方法可快速测定车间空气中的醋酸乙烯.     

纳米复合氧化物催化发光法测定空气中的甲醛

基于纳米复合氧化物上甲醛被催化氧化产生化学发光的现象, 建立了直接测定空气中微量甲醛的方法. 实验发现, 甲醛在许多纳米级金属氧化物表面都有发光现象, 但在纳米级钼钒钛(原子比为2∶3∶5)复合氧化物表面上有较高的发光强度和较好的选择性. 最佳实验条件为: 分析波长535 nm, 测定温度265 ℃, 载气流速150 mL/min. 方法的检测限(3σ)为0.04 mg/m³, 线性范围为0.07～34 mg/m³, 相关系数为0.9994, 回收率为98.2%～101.4%. 对常见共存物的研究发现, 除丙酮外, 苯、氨、二氧化硫和乙醇不干扰测定.     

一种高选择性的检测丙酮蒸气催化发光传感器

设计了一种基于纳米材料SrCO3中掺杂Dy2O3的催化发光(CTL)丙酮蒸气传感器。通过掺杂Dy2O3使体系选择性显著提高。当Dy2O3的掺杂量为33%时,催化发光强度是不掺杂的3倍。当各测试气体浓度均为2000mL/m3时,三氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、甲醛和苯气体不干扰丙酮的测定。乙醇和正丁烷只引起15%和2.1%的干扰。在温度383℃、波长425nm、空气流速为360mL/min的最佳条件下,催化发光强度与丙酮蒸气浓度在1.0～5000mL/m3内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.30mL/m3。本传感器响应和恢复时间快速。     

催化发光快速检测啤酒中的苯乙醛

研究了苯乙醛在纳米氧化锡(SnO_2)表面的催化发光现象,设计了一种快速检测苯乙醛的催化发光传感器。在汽化温度为193℃、反应温度为276℃、检测波长为425 nm、流速250 mL/min条件下,催化发光强度与苯乙醛质量分数在0.10～12 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9976),检出限为0.030 mg/L。质量分数均为0.60 mg/L的苯乙醇、苯、甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、正己烷、三氯甲烷、四氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、乙酸、氨气和环氧苯乙烷通过传感器时,除苯乙醇产生弱响应信号外,其它物质均不产生响应信号。将此传感器应用于啤酒样品中苯乙醛含量的测定,加标回收率为108.2%～118.5%,RSD为5.9%～12%。     

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中甲醛含量

建立了蔬菜中甲醛含量的高效液相色谱分析方法。样品用水提取、2,4-二硝基苯肼衍生及二氯甲烷萃取、浓缩后,采用Waters Sunfire C18色谱柱(250×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,流动相为乙腈-水(1∶1,V/V),在355nm波长处紫外检测。甲醛在0.1~2.0μg/mL浓度范围内呈线性关系,相关系数0.9989,方法检出限为1.0 mg/kg,在2~10mg/kg添加浓度范围内,甲醛平均回收率为78.1%~114.2%,相对标准偏差在0.8%~9.5%之间。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定山楂中的有机酸

采用Hypersil ODS2(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=2.6)为流动相,流速0.8 mL/m in,检测波长210 nm,建立了山楂中柠檬酸、苹果酸等有机酸的高效液相色谱分析方法。其中柠檬酸和苹果酸的线性范围分别为0.50~50.04μg、0.10~10.00μg;3个浓度水平的回收率分别为95.5%~96.6%、100.2%~103.7%,RSD分别为0.11%~0.38%、0.41%~2.53%;检出限分别为0.04μg、0.03μg(S/N=3)。测定了5种不同产地山楂果肉及山楂核中的柠檬酸、苹果酸的含量。所建立的方法快速、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于山楂中有机酸的测定。     

Simultaneous determination of trimethylamine,formaldehyde and benzene via the cataluminescence of In<Subscript>3</Subscript>LaTi<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>10</Subscript> nanoparticles

The authors describe a cataluminescence (CTL) based sensing method via signals generated at the surface of In₃LaTi₂O₁₀ nanoparticles for simultaneous determination of trimethylamine, formaldehyde and benzene in air. The analytical wavelengths are 340 nm, 440 nm and 600 nm, and the best surface temperature of the catalytic material is 275 °C. The limits of detection of this method are 0.3 mg?m^?3 for trimethylamine, 0.07 mg?m^?3 for formaldehyde, and 0.2 mg?m^?3 for benzene. The linear ranges of CTL intensity versus gas/vapor concentration are from 1.0 to 65.1 mg?m^?3 for trimethylamine, from 0.2 to 72.5 mg?m^?3 for formaldehyde, and from 0.5 to 77.5 mg?m^?3 for benzene. The recoveries after testing 10 standard samples ranged from 98.1% to 102.6% for trimethylamine, from 98.1% to 102.6% for formaldehyde, and from 97.7% to 103.8% for benzene. Gaseous ammonia, acetaldehyde, toluene, ethylbenzene, ethanol, sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide do not interfere. The relative deviation of the CTL signals after 200 h of continuous detection of trimethylamine, formaldehyde and benzene is <3%.

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Graphical abstract Schematic of a cataluminescence (CTL) based method for simultaneous determination of trimethylamine (TMA), formaldehyde (HCHO) and benzene (C₆H₆) in air. The linear ranges of CTL intensity versus gas/vapor concentration are from 1.0 to 65.1 mg?m^?3 for TMA, from 0.2 to 72.5 mg?m^?3 for HCHO, and from 0.5 to 77.5 mg?m^?3 for C₆H₆.

     

丹磺酰肼衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定包装纸中的甲醛和乙醛

建立了丹磺酰肼(DNSH)衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测测定包装纸中甲醛和乙醛的分析方法,并与2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)衍生法进行了比较。纸张样品经衍生化试剂振荡萃取30 min,衍生化反应24 h,萃取液经PSA/C18净化管净化处理后,以Diamonsil~ C18(2)色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为固定相,用醋酸水溶液(pH2.55)-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采用荧光检测器检测,激发波长为330 nm,发射波长为484 nm。结果表明,衍生剂、甲醛-DNSH和乙醛-DNSH在20 min内可完全分离,方法的加标回收率为81.64%~106.78%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.02%~5.53%(n=5),甲醛和乙醛的检出限分别为19.2μg/kg和20.7μg/kg,定量限分别为63.9μg/kg和69.1μg/kg。该法操作简单,灵敏度高,比常规方法具有更低的检出限,能很好地应用到实际样品检测中,为低含量醛类化合物的检测提供了一种新思路。     

Specific method for the determination of ozone in the atmosphere

A simple, sensitive and specific method for the determination of ozone in the atmosphere is described. Reactions of ozone with several 1-alkenes were studied at room temperature (25°). Eugenol(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol), when reacted with ozone, was found to produce relatively large amounts of formaldehyde compared to other 1-alkenes tested. The method described was compared with alkaline iodide method for the determination of various concentrations of ozone in the range 0.05–2.0 p.p.m. Hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, sulfur dioxide and various reducing agents commonly present in the air, do not interfere. Formaldehyde when present in the air, must be determined simultaneously and the concentration of formaldehyde subtracted from that of the ozone. Any formaldehyde monitoring equipment can be easily adapted for the determination of ozone.     

A specific spectrophotometric determination of ozone in air in the presence of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides

A sensitive, specific spectrophotometric method for the determination of ozone in air by the ozonolysis of 1,1-di-phenylethylene (DPE) is described. The yield of formaldehyde from the ozonolysis of several terminal olefins was determined, and DPE was found to give the highest yield, 90%. The method was checked against the EPA iodimetric method, and gives a consistent yield of formaldehyde over the ozone range 0.05–5.00 μg g^-1 of air. As sulfur dioxide is used as a reagent, its presence in air does not interfere. Interference by nitrogen oxides and other free radical oxidants is prevented by the addition of mesitol (2,4,6-trimethylphenol). Formaldehyde in air interferes, but can be determined by using the method with DPE omitted from the sampling train, and so accounted for. In the procedure, formaldehyde is determined by the reverse of the West—Gaeke method for sulfur dioxide.     

气相色谱法快速测定空气中低分子量醛

用填充气相色谱直接进样法测定了污染空气中甲醛、乙醛、丙醛的含量,并对方法的灵敏度、准确度及各种影响因素进行了探讨。方法用于样品测定取得了较为满意的结果。     

Studies on photochemical reactions of air pollutants. XIV.Photooxidation of sulfur dioxide in air by various air pollutants

Upon exposure to sunlight, or to artificial light at wavelengths longer than 290 nm, sulfur dioxide in air underwent oxidation to give sulfur trioxide in the presence of air pollutants such as biacetyl (2,3-butanedione), benzaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide, but not in their absence. Only nitrogen dioxide completely oxidized sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide.     

居室空气中甲醛的气相色谱法分析

建立了测定居室空气中甲醛的衍生气相色谱法。方法的检测限为０．０２ｍｇ／Ｌ（水溶液）,当采气量为１０Ｌ时,最低检出浓度为０．０１ｍｇ／ｍ３（居室空气）,变异系数为４．１％～６．５％,回收率为７１．０％～９０．４％。     

A simple diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic determination of sulfur dioxide in ambient air using potassium tetrachloromercurate as the absorbing reagent

This paper presents development of a simple, rapid, and precise analytical method for determination of sulfur dioxide in ambient air by a gas to solid-phase conversion method. Sulfur dioxide is determined in the form of sulfite (SO3(2-)) because the absorbing reagent, potassium tetrachloromercurate (TCM), used in this method absorbs sulfur dioxide from the atmosphere in the form of sulfite. Determination of submicrogram levels of sulfur dioxide was based on the selection of a quantitative analytical peak at 495 cm(-1) among the 3 observed vibrational peaks for the dichlorosulfitomercurate complex formed after reaction of sulfur dioxide with TCM and measurement of absorbance using diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The limits of detection and quantification of the method were found to be 0.09 and 0.4 microg/g SO3(2-), respectively. The precision in terms of standard deviation and relative standard deviation (RSD) at a level of 2 microg SO3(2-)/10.1 g KBr for n = 10 was found to be 0.036 microg SO3(2-) and 1.8%, respectively. The RSD (n = 10) for determination of sulfur dioxide in ambient air was observed to be in the range of 2.7-4.2%. The method proposed is time saving and eliminates the slow and cumbersome steps of pH maintenance of the reaction mixture and color formation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended West and Gaeke spectrophotometric method and other methods for quantitative determination of sulfur dioxide.