电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法检测獭兔肉中的微量元素

研究了用电感耦合等离子体光谱法检测獭兔肉中多种微量元素的实验方法。实验表明,獭兔肉中多种微量元素在选定的最佳条件下能够可靠、准确测得,且精密度在0.59%—8.85%之间,回收率为96.5%—103.5%。该方法具有灵敏度高、干扰少、线性范围宽和多元素同时测定等优点,是科学工作者研究微量元素可行的方法之一;同时该方法准确、快速、简便,适用于同类样品的测定,结果令人满意。     

翠绿料瓶罐玻璃中微量元素的快速测定

翠绿料瓶罐玻璃颜色的深浅是由多种微量元素铁、铬、钴的浓度所决定的.在原子吸收光谱法测定这些微量元素时,要考虑基体产生的多种干扰.本法通过改进标准溶液的配制,克服了基体干扰,加快了样品的测定速度.     

FAAS测定妇炎康冲剂中的微量元素

测定妇炎康冲剂中多种微量元素的含量,为研究金属元素在妇炎康冲剂中的含量与药用功能提供有效的数据。采用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定样品中微量元素的含量。样品中含有钙、镁、铁、硒,方法的加标回收率在98.4%—104.0%范围内,RSD(n=6)在1.0%—4.0%之间。镉、镍、铅未检出。妇炎康冲剂中含有钙、镁、铁、硒,值得进一步研究。     

ICP-AES法同时测定人发、血液、唾液、牙石中的多种元素

本文应用ICP-AES法同时测定人发、血液、唾液及牙石中多种微量元素,采用HNO_3-HClO_4体系溶解样品。具有取样量少,样品处理简单、快速,测定准确等优点。本法回收率在91～106%之间,可为现代医学提供可靠的科学依据。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定桔梗中的微量元素

采用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)对3种不同产地的桔梗样品的元素种类和含量进行了测定。结果表明,桔梗中含有K、Ca、Fe、Mg、Zn、Mn等多种微量元素,不同产地桔梗中微量元素种类大致相同,而元素含量却各有差异。为桔梗药效功能的进一步研究提供一定的科学依据。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定野生葡萄籽中多元素的方法研究

文章研究的是电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定野生葡萄籽中多种元素。针对野生葡萄籽样品基质中有机成分对矿物质的影响,对干灰化法与酸消解湿法处理样品进行了比较,通过对植物标准物质GBW 07603样品分解, 表明选择HNO₃-HClO₄体系消解样品优于干灰化法。此方法测得结果相对误差在1.06%～8.82%和标准偏差在1.35%～8.88%之间。进行了葡萄籽和几种中草药中微量元素测定的对照实验,检测数据证明葡萄籽中微量元素丰富具有较高的药用和营养价值。     

微波消解/ICP-MS法测定烟草中微量元素含量

采用2 mL 50% HNO₃和1 mL 47% H₂O₂作为消解体系,最终消解液酸度在2%左右对烟草样品进行微波消解,标准溶液采用2% HNO₃稀释,添加Ge和Rh内标元素,直接进行ICP-MS分析。此方案避免采用浓酸,可省去赶酸或稀释的繁琐步骤,延长仪器相关部件使用寿命,消除由于样品溶液与标准溶液酸度差别较大带来的误差。测试考察了烟草中30种微量元素,给出7个烟草产区样品中8种微量元素的测定结果。方法检出限为0.006～1.133 ng·mL-1,相对标准偏差0.90%～5.66%,Cu和Y回收率93%～102%。结果表明,文章所提出的微波消解方法适用于烟草中多种微量元素的同时测定,烟草样品微量元素含量与烟草产地、类别有紧密联系。     

微波消解ICP-AES法测定不同生长年限白芍的微量元素

采用微波消解技术-电感耦合等离子-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对不同产地、不同生长年限的芍药及其炮制前后含有的几种具有重要生理功能的无机微量元素——K,Ca,Na,Mg,Za,Fe和Cu等的含量进行了依次测定。结果显示样品中含有丰富的微量元素,该方法的RSD均在4%以下,加标回收率在99%～113%,具有较好的准确度和精密度。进而采用主成分分析法(PCA)对所测得的白芍样品微量元素作为变量进行分类研究。结果表明微波消解-电感耦合等离子-原子发射光谱法可同时测定多种微量元素,主成分分析法是不同白芍的分析分类的有效方法,实验结果可为白芍中微量元素与其药效的相关性提供科学依据。     

ICP-AES法测定蚂蚁粉中多种微量元素

研究了ICP－AES法测定蚂蚁粉中多种微量元素的方法，通过方法试验确认采用低温灰化法制备样品，不仅能满足ICP－AES法测定的要求，同时具有样品处理方法简单，快速，经济等优点，其方法的回收率在92．0－100．7％之间，精密度在0．20％－9．29％之间，实验数据证明该方法完全可以满足同类样品的微量元素检测要求。     

ICP-AES法测定林蛙组织中多种微量元素方法研究

本文主要研究ICP AES法测定林蛙中多种微量元素的方法试验 ,实验确定加入 5 0 0mL硝酸、 0 5 0mL高氯酸 ,放置 2 4h后 ,可控恒温电热板上升温至 12 0℃消化溶解 ,湿法制备样品 ,不仅能满足ICP AES法测定的要求 ,而且同时具备样品处理方法简单、快速、准确、经济等特点。其方法的相对误差在 0 17%～ 10 0 %之间 ,精密度在 0 4 3%～ 9 96 %之间。实验数据证明该方法完全可以满足同类样品的等离子体发射光谱法测定微量元素的要求。     

发丝线径分布及横截面形状研究--直条衍射应用实例

应用直条衍射理论，通过对人的发丝线径分布及横截面形状进行实验研究，得到发丝线径分布均匀、且发丝横截面具有规则几何形状这一符合实际的结论。这是用衍射原理测量微小的一种简单、有效的方法。     

固体直接进样石墨炉原子吸收法测定头发中的铜和铁

固体直接进样石墨炉原子吸收法测定人发中的痕量元素及其在人发中的纵向分布是一种有吸引力的分析方法。本文研究了测定人发中铜和铁的固体直接进样石墨炉原子吸收法,并用该法分析了日本标准人发样品中的铜和铁,所获结果与推荐值相一致。     

微波溶样FAAS法测定头发中锌、铜、

本文用微波溶样技术，对头发样品进行消解处理，用ＦＡＡＳ法测定头发中锌、铜、铁。实验结果表明，用微波溶样消解头发具有省时、节约试剂、消解完全等优点。用本法测定头发中锌、铜、铁，获得满意的方法精密度、准确度。     

不同地区人发中微量元素的测定与生存环境的比较研究

采用高压密封消化罐对人发样品进行处理,将化学计量学应用于ICP-AES法测定了人头发中20种微量元素的含量。该方法操作简单、快速、灵敏度高,准确性好, 且多元素同时测定,回收率在94.07%～107.60%之间。相对标准偏差小于3.49%。通过对不同地区不同年龄1 600人头发的测定结果,探讨了营养、环境污染等因素对人体健康的影响,从而对其生存环境进行比较研究。     

Acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation assisted hydrolysis and valorisation of waste human hair for the enrichment of amino acids

Hair waste in large amount is produced in India from temples and saloons, India alone exported approximately 1 million kg of hair in 2010. Incineration and degradation of waste human hair leads to environmental concerns. The hydrothermal process is a conventional method for the production of hair hydrolysate. The hydrothermal process is carried out at a very high temperature and pressure, which causes the degradation of heat-sensitive essential amino acids, thereby depleting the nutritional value. This work deals with alkaline hydrolysis of human hair using acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation, and comparison with the conventional method. The optimal operating conditions for highest efficiency was observed, for the hydrolysis of 1 g of sample hairs in 100 mL of solution, at 4:1 (KOH: hair) ratio, soaking time of 24 h, the ultrasonic power density of 600 W dm⁻³ (20 KHz frequency and input power 200 W) or hydrodynamic cavitation inlet pressure of 4 or 7 bars. Cavitation results in rupture of disulfide linkages in proteins and mechanical effects lead to cleavage of several hydrogen bonds breaking the keratin sheet structure in hair. Breakdown of bonds leads to a decrease in viscosity of the solution. 10% and 6% reduction in viscosity is obtained at optimal conditions for ultrasonic and hydrodynamic cavitation treatment, respectively. FTIR analysis of produced hair hydrolysate confirmed that the disulfide bonds in hair proteins are broken down during cavitation. The amino acid of hair hydrolysate, prepared using cavitation, has a relatively higher digestibility and nutritional value due to the enhancement of amino-acid content, confirmed using amino acid analysis. Cavitation assisted hair hydrolysate has a potential application in agricultural engineering as a fertilizer for improvement of the quality of the soil and land. Cavitation based hair hydrolysate can also be used as an environmentally friendly and economical source of essential amino acids and digestibles for animal or poultry feed.     

氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定人发中氢化元素和非氢化元素

采用连续氢化物发生法,在酸性介质中,对人发样品中可形成氢化物的元素（As,Se,Pb,Hg,Sb)和棵氢化元素（Zn,Cr,Mg,Mn,Ca,Fe,Cu,Ni,Cd,Al,Co,Mo,Ba)进行同时测定。研究了酸度、NaBH4的浓度、载气流速、清洗时间对氢化元素的影响,比较了传统雾法和（雾化＋氢化法）对氢化元素和非氢化元素的影响,选择了最佳分析条件。对标准人发样品中的18种元素进行了测定,结果令人满意。     

氢化物发生辅助雾化火焰原子吸收法测定人发中的铅

使用氢化物发生辅助雾化的火焰原子吸收法,在K₃Fe(CN)₆-HCl体系中,测定了头发中铅的含量。对酸度、氧化剂及浓度、NaBH₄的浓度及流速对Pb测定的影响分别进行了研究。与传统雾化火焰原子吸收法相比,本方法测铅的灵敏度提高了13.4倍。方法的检出限为2.8 μg·L-1,精密度(RSD)为1.4%。用于测定人发中的Pb,回收率达96%～99%。     

氢化物—原子荧光法测定植物及人发中的痕量硒

本文研究开发了在捕集剂覆盖下低温焙烧富集分离氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定植物和人发样品中的痕量硒，本方法克服了使用混合酸分解样品时，有机物质不能彻底分解而给测定带来的不利影响。其方法精密度和准确度均能满足测定的要求。     

多元线性回归法对弱智儿童头发中微量元素的研究

应用多元线性回归方程研究弱智儿童头发中21种微量元素与智商的关系，并对其关系的显著性进行排序和讨论。结果表明：人发中微量元素对机体的影响有主次关系、有交互关系，有10种元素与智力低下有较明显关系。     

Hair cycle and hair pigmentation: dynamic interactions and changes associated with aging

The tight coupling of hair follicle melanogenesis to the hair growth cycle dramatically distinguishes follicular melanogenesis from the continuous melanogenesis of the epidermis. Cyclic re-construction of an intact hair follicle pigmentary unit occurs optimally in all scalp hair follicles during only the first 10 hair cycles, i.e. by approximately 40 years of age. Thereafter there appears to be a genetically regulated exhaustion of the pigmentary potential of each individual hair follicle leading to the formation of true gray and white hair. Pigment dilution results primarily from a reduction in tyrosinase activity within hair bulbar melanocytes. Thereafter, sub-optimal melanocyte-cortical keratinocyte interactions, and defective migration of melanocytes from a reservoir in the upper outer root sheath to the pigment-permitting microenvironment close to the follicular papilla of the hair bulb, will all disrupt normal function of the pigmentary unit. Evidence from studies on epidermal melanocyte aging suggest that reactive oxygen species-mediated damage to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA may lead to mutation accumulation in bulbar melanocytes. Parallel dysregulation of anti-oxidant mechanisms or pro/anti-apoptotic factors is also likely to occur within the cells. Pigment loss in canities may also affect keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, providing the tantalizing suggestion that melanocytes in the hair follicle contribute far more that packages of pigment alone. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the development, regulation and control of the aging human hair follicle pigmentary system in relation with hair cycling. The exploitation of recently available methodologies to manipulate hair follicle melanocytes in vitro, and the observations that melanocytes remain in senile white hair follicles that can be induced to pigment in culture, raises the possibility of someday reversing canities. The perspective of rejuvenation of the whole hair follicle apparatus are still part of the dream but optimising its functional properties is clinically relevant and is close to reality. Finally as hair color influences its visibility when optical methods such as scalp photography are used to count hair fibers, the attention is drawn to possible interpretations of statistically significant changes in visible hair. Such changes may not exclusively be related to improved hair growth itself but also to changes in natural hair color that makes the hair more visible with the method used to count hairs.